Registration Number : 2022100102

Correspondence Course Code : TA112

Name : Fahim Muntasir

Level : Foundation Level (FL)

Subject : Business Quantitative Analysis

Mail Address : fahimmuntasir146@[Link]

Mobile No. : 01517125394

Assignment Number : 02
 Answer to the Question No. 01 (a)
➢ (3+2)2
= (5)2 – 7
= 25 – 7
= 18

➢ 2⁄3 + 3⁄4 + 1⁄3

8+9−4
=
12

= 13⁄12

➢ [{10 × (3 × 4 ÷ 4 -1) – 2} – {(6 × 6 – 6) ÷ 2}] ÷ 3

= [{10 × (3 – 1) – 2} – {30 ÷ 2}] ÷ 3
= [{10 × 2 – 2} – 15] ÷ 3
= [18 – 15] ÷ 3
=3÷3
=1

Answer to the Question No. 01 (b)

Given,
x+y=5
xy = 6
➢ Here,
2(x2 + y2)
= 2{(x + y)2 – 2xy}
= 2{(5)2 – 2×6
= 2(25 – 12)
= 2×13
= 26

➢ We know,
(x + y)2 = (x – y)2 + 4xy
Or, (5)2 = (x – y)2 + 4×6
Or, (x – y)2 = 25 – 24
Or, (x – y)2 = 1
∴ (x – y) =1

1
Here,
x3 – y3 – 3(x2 + y2)
= (x – y)3 + 3xy (x – y)
= (1)3 + 3×6×1 – 3×13
= 1 +18 – 39
= – 20

➢ Given,
x+y=5
x–y=1
or, 2x = 6
∴x=1
Again,
x+y=5
or, 3 + y = 5
∴y=2

Here,
x5 + y 5
= (3)5 + (2)5
= 243 + 32
= 275

Answer to the Question No. 01 (c)

➢ Given,
The number of passengers on deck are X
The face per head for the cabin is thrice that of the deck.
𝑋
So, the number of passengers in cabin are 3

According to the Question,

X
X+ = 752
3

➢ Here,
𝑋
X+ 3
= 752
3X+X
Or, = 752
3

2
 4X
Or, = 752
3
Or, 4X = 2256
2256
Or, X =
4
∴ X = 564

The number of passengers on deck are 564

564
So, the number of passengers in cabin are =
3
= 188.

➢ Given,
The fare per head for the deck is Tk. 30
So, the fare collected from deck is = Tk. (30 × 564)
= Tk. 16920

The total fare collected is Tk. 33840

So, the fare collected from cabin is = Tk. (33840 – 16920)
= Tk. 16920

∴ The fare per head for the deck is = Tk. (16920 ÷ 188)
= Tk. 90

Answer to the Question No. 02 (a)

Suppose,
The number of students standing behind Zakir is X
And, the students are standing in front of Zakir is = (X+4)
Total number of students in the queue is = 3X

According to the Question,

X + (X+4) = 3X
Or, 2X +4 = 3X
Or, 3X – 2X = 4
∴ X=4

So, the number of students standing behind Zakir is 4

And, the students are standing in front of Zakir is = (4+4) or, 8
Total number of students in the queue is = 3 × 4 or, 12.

3
 Answer to the Question No. 02 (b)
Suppose,
The remainder earnings are X
And, the tax will be = (X × 15%)

Total tax of the year is Tk.75,000

According to the Question,

(X × 15%) = Tk.75,000
Or, X = Tk.75,000 / 15%
∴ X = Tk. 500,000

So, the remainder earnings are Tk. 500,000

The total earnings are = (Tk. 500,000 + Tk. 2,50,000)
= Tk. 750,000
The gross earnings are = (Tk. 750,000 – Tk. 75,000)
= Tk. 675,000

Answer to the Question No. 02 (c)

A retailer sold product TS for $30 each.

5% increase,
At the end of the first year the selling price was = $30 + ($30 × 5%)
= $30 + $1.5
= $31.5
6% increase,
At the end of the second year the selling price was = $31.5 + (31.5 × 6%)
= $31.5 + $1.89
= $33.39
Third year,
The selling price was increased = ($33.73 – $33.39)
= $0.34

100
So, the percentage price change in year 3 was = ($0.34 × $33.39)
= 1.018%

4
 Answer to the Question No. 02 (d)

 1y – 3 < 5
Or, y < 5 + 3
∴y<8

 3(x – 2) < 6
Or, x – 2 < 2
Or, x < 2 +2
∴x<4

 3x – 2 > 2x – 1
Or, 3x – 2x > 2 – 1
∴x>1

𝑥
x≤ +4
3
𝑥+12
Or, x ≤ 3
Or, 3x ≤ x + 12
Or, 3x – x ≤ 12
Or, 2x ≤ 12
∴x≤6

Answer to the Question No. 03 (a)

Given,
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
B = {2,4}
C = {1,3,5}

(i) A * B
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} * {2,4}
= {(1,2), (2,2), (3,2), (4,2), (5,2)}, {(1,4), (2,4), (3,4), (4,4), (5,4)}

(ii) B * C
= {2,4} * {1,3,5}
= {(2,1), (4,1)}, {(2,3), (4,3)}, {(2,5), (4,5)}

5
(ii) C * A
= {1,3,5} * {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
= {(1, 1), (3, 1), (5, 1)}, {(1, 2), (3, 2), (5, 2)}, {(1, 3), (3, 3), (5, 3)}, {(1, 4), (3, 4), (5, 4)}, {(1, 5), (3, 5),
(5, 5)}

Answer to the Question No. 03 (b)

Let,
S = The number of students studying Spanish language
G = The number of students studying German language
F = The number of students studying French language
Given that,
n(S) = 28
n(G) = 30
n(F) = 42
n(S∩F) = 10
n(S∩G) = 8
n(G∩F) = 5
n(S∩G∩F) = 3

➢ We know,
n(S∩G∩F’) = n(S∩G) – n(S∩G∩F)
or, n(S∩G∩F’) = 8 – 3
∴ n(S∩G∩F’) = 5

n(S∩G’∩F) = n(S∩F) – n(S∩G∩F)

or, n(S∩G’∩F) = 10 – 3
∴ n(S∩G’∩F) = 7

So,
n(S∩G’∩F’) = n(S) – n(S∩G∩F’) – n(S∩G’∩F) – n(S∩G∩F)
or, n(S∩G’∩F’) = 28 – 5 – 7 – 3
∴ n(S∩G’∩F’) = 13
So, the number of students took only Spanish language are 13.

6
➢ We know,
n(S∩G∩F’) = n(S∩G) – n(S∩G∩F)
or, n(S∩G∩F’) = 8 – 3
∴ n(S∩G∩F’) = 5

So, the number of students took Spanish and German but not French are 5.

➢ We know,
n(F∩S’) = n(F) – n(S∩F)
or, n(F∩S’) = 42 – 10
∴ n(F∩S’) = 32

So, the number of students took French if and only if they did not take Spanish are 32.

Answer to the Question No. 03 (c)

Given,
Total number of consumers = 20,000
n(A) = 7,420
n(B) = 6,230
n(C) = 5,980
n(A∩B∩C) = 1,500
n(A∩B) = 2,580
n(A∩C) = 1,200
n(B∩C) = 1,950
Now,
n(A∪B∪C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – (n(A∩B) + n(A∩C) + n(B∩C)) + n(A∩B∩C)
= 7,420 + 6,230 + 5,980 + (2,580 + 1,200 + 1,950) + 1,500
= 15,400
That is 15,400 consumers liked any one of these three products, A, B or C.
This shows number of consumers were studied for product preference is not 20,000.

7
 Answer to the Question No. 03 (d)

Given,
U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
A = {1,2,3,4}
B = {3,4,5,6}
C = {4,5,6,8}
Here,
A∩B = {1,2,3,4}∩{3,4,5,6}
= {3,4}
A∩C = {1,2,3,4}∩{4,5,6,8}
= {4}
B∩C = {3,4,5,6}∩{4,5,6,8}
= {4,5,6}
A Venn Diagram showing the elements in the appropriate areas of the diagram is given below:
A B C U

1, 2 3
4
5, 6
7
8

8
 Answer to the Question No. 04 (a)
Let,
Initial amount, PV = 1
So, the treble amount will be, FV = (3×1)
=3

Number of compounding, m = 4
Number of years = n
Rate of interest, i = 12% or, 0.12
We know,
i
FV = PV (1+ )nm
m
0.12 4n
Or, 3 = 1× (1+ )
4

Or, 3 = (1.03) 4n
Or, log 3 = log (1.03) 4n
Or, log 3 = 4n log 1.03
log 3
Or, 4n =
log 1.03

Or, 4n = 37.167
37.167
Or, n = 4

∴ n ≈ 9.29
So, it will take almost 9.29 years to make money treble at 12% interest compounded quarterly.

Answer to the Question No. 04 (b)

Given,
No of men = 4
No of women = 3
Total members = 7
No of ways in which they can be seated around a round table without any condition = (7 - 1)! = 6!
= 720 ways

(i) If women NEVER sit together

6! - (4! × 3!) = 720 - (24 × 6) = 740 - 144 = 596 ways

9
(ii) If women sit together

Since all women sit together, let us treat them as a single unit.
So, total number of members is 5 and they can be seated around a round table in (5 - 1)! = 4! ways.
The three women can be arranged among themselves in 3! ways.
According to Fundamental principle of counting, Total No of ways in which 4 men & 3 women can be
seated around a round table such that women always sit together is = (4! × 3!) = 144 ways

Answer to the Question No. 04 (c)

According to the Question,
A to be majority on a 5 members committee, we can select minimum 3 from A and maximum 2 from B.
So that split will be either,
a. 5 from A and none from B
b. 4 from A and 1 from B
c. 3 from A and 2 from B

(a) 5 members can be selected out of 6 from party A in,

6 6×5×4×3×2
C5 = = 6 ways
1×2×3×4×5

(b) 4 members can be selected out of 6 from party A and 1 member can be selected out of 4 from party B
in,
6 6×5×4×3
C4 × 4C1 = = 15×4 = 60 ways
1×2×3×4

(c) 3 members can be selected out of 6 from party A and 2 members can be selected out of 4 from party B
in,

6 6×5×4
C3 × 4C2 = = 20×6 = 120 ways
1×2×3

So, the total number of ways are = (6+60+120) = 186 ways

Answer to the Question No. 05 (a)

Let,
Sum of investment= PV
Rate of interest = i
After 2nd year, the sum of investment with interest, FV2 = Tk. 21,632
After 3rd year, the sum of investment with interest, FV3 = Tk. 22,497.28

10
According to the Question,
FV2 = PV (1+i)2
Or, Tk. 21,632 = PV (1+i)2 -------------- (i)
Again,
FV3 = PV (1+i)3
Or, Tk. 22,497.28 = PV (1+i)3 -------------- (ii)

From (i),
Tk. 21,632 = PV (1+i)2
Or, PV = Tk. 21,632 / (1+i)2 -------------- (iii)
From (ii),
Tk. 22,497.28 = PV (1+i)3
Or, Tk. 22,497.28 = {Tk. 21,632 / (1+i)2} (1+i)3
Or, Tk. 22,497.28 = Tk. 21,632 × (1+i)
Or, 1+i = 1.04
Or, i = 1.04 – 1
∴ i = 0.04
From (iii),
PV = Tk. 21,632 / (1+i)2
= Tk. 21,632 / (1+0.04)2
= Tk. 20,000

So, the rate of interest is 0.04 or, 4% and the sum invested Tk. 20,000.

Answer to the Question No. 05 (b)

Given,
Balance to pay, PV(A) = (Tk. 4,00,000 – Tk. 2,00,000) or, Tk. 2,00,000
Number of instalments, n = 10
Rate of interest, i = 10% or, 0.10
Instalment per year = A

11
We know,
1
1 − (1+ⅈ)n
PV(A) = A { }
i
1
1−
(1+ 0.10)10
Or, Tk. 2,00,000 = A { }
0.10

Or, Tk. 2,00,000 = A × 6.145

Tk. 2,00,000
Or, A = 6.145

∴ A ≈ Tk. 32,546.786
So, the man should be paid almost Tk. 32,546.786 annually.

Answer to the Question No. 05 (c)

Given,
The cost of machine is Tk. 1,00,000 and the expected scrap is Tk. 5,000
The sum of investment after scrap, FV(A) = (Tk. 1,00,000 × 125%) – Tk. 5,000
= Tk. 1,20,000
Let,
Rate of interest, i = 5% or, 0.05
Estimated lifetime, n = 20 years
Instalment per year = A
We know,
(1+i)n −1
FV(A) = A { }
i
(1+0.05)20 −1
Or, Tk. 1,20,000 = A { }
0.05

Or, Tk. 1,20,000 = A × 33.066

Tk.1,20,000
Or, A =
33.066

∴ A ≈ Tk. 3,630
So, the sum of investment per year is Tk. 3,630.

12
 Answer to the Question No. 05 (d)

Given,
The present value of investment, PV = Tk. 18,000
Lifetime of investment, n = 5 years
After 5 years, the return is Tk. 5,600
After 5 years, the future value of investment with return, FV = (Tk. 18,000 + Tk. 5,600)
= Tk. 23,600
Discount rate, i = 10% or, 0.10

We know,
FV = PV (1 + i)n
Or, Tk. 23,600 = Tk. 18,000 (1 + 0.10)5
∴ Tk. 23,600 < Tk. 28,989.18
So, the investment in the project is not wise.

Answer to the Question No. 06 (a)

Skewness is a measure of asymmetry or distortion of symmetric distribution. It measures the deviation of

the given distribution of a random variable from a symmetric distribution, such as normal distribution. A
normal distribution is without any skewness, as it is symmetrical on both sides. Hence, a curve is regarded
as skewed if it is shifted towards the right or the left.

Dispersion concerns about the range over which the data points are distributed, and the skewness
concerns the symmetry of the distribution.
Both measures of dispersion and skewness are descriptive measures and coefficient of skewness gives an
indication to the shape of the distribution.
Measures of dispersion are used to understand the range of the data points and offset from the mean while
skewness is used for understanding the tendency for the variation of data points into a certain direction.

Measures of skewness:

Karl Pearson Measure of Relative Skewness:

In a symmetrical distribution, the mean, median, and mode coincide. In skewed distributions, these values
are pulled apart; the mean tends to be on the same side of the mode as the longer tail. Thus, a measure of

13
the asymmetry is supplied by the difference (mean–mode). This can be made dimensionless by dividing by
a measure of dispersion (such as SD). The Karl Pearson measure of relative skewness is,
Mean−mode x− modes
SK= =
SD S

The value of skewness may be either positive or negative.

The empirical formula for skewness (called second coefficients of skewness) is,
3(mean−mode) 3(x− modes)
SK= =
SD S

Bowley Measure of Skewness

In a symmetrical distribution, the quartiles are equidistant from the median (Q2 − Q1 = Q3 − Q2). If the
distribution is not symmetrical, the quartiles will not be equidistant from the median (unless the entire
asymmetry is located in the extreme quarters of the data). The Bowley suggested measure of skewness is,

Q(2−Q2 ) −(Q2 −Q1 ) Q2 − 2Q2 + Q1

Quartile Coefficient of SK = =
Q3 − Q1 Q3 − Q1

This measure is always zero when the quartiles are equidistant from the median and is positive when the
upper quartile is farther from the median than the lower quartile. This measure of skewness varies
between +1 and −1.

Moment Coefficient of Skewness

In any symmetrical curve, the sum of odd powers of deviations from the mean will be equal to zero. That
is, m3 = m5 = m7 = ⋯ = 0. However, it is not true for asymmetrical distributions. For this reason, a measure
of skewness is devised on the basis of m3. That is
m3 m3
Moment of Coefficient of SK= a3 = =
s3 √m32

m23
= b1 =
m32

For perfectly symmetrical curves (normal curves), a3 and b1 are zero.

The dispersion measures or average measurements represent the entire series.

• The value is often between the minimum and maximum values and are usually located in the center or
middle of the distribution of frequencies containing their key characteristics.

• In statistical analysis, data condensation is important because a large number of big figures are not only
confounding to the mind, but also difficult to analyses.

• Dispersion is the degree of variance of a central variable. Dispersion not only provides a general idea
of a series' variability, but also a precise measure of the variation.

• Central trend indicators inform about the concentration of items around the core value, and measures
of skewness tell us whether the average dispersion of items is symmetrical.

14
 Answer to the Question No. 06 (b)
The coefficient of variation (relative standard deviation) is a statistical measure of the dispersion of data
points around the mean. The metric is commonly used to compare the data dispersion between distinct
series of data. Unlike the standard deviation that must always be considered in the context of the mean of
the data, the coefficient of variation provides a relatively simple and quick tool to compare different data
series.

The COV's chief advantage is its applicability to any given quantifiable data, thus paving the way for a
comparative analysis between two unrelated entities. This quality separates COV from a standard
deviation analysis, which cannot facilitate a meaningful comparison between two independent variables.
As a measure of risk, the COV measures volatility in the prices of stocks and other securities, letting
analysts contrast the risks associated with different potential investments. This helps financial advisors
construct diversified portfolios in an effort to dampen the risk of a single investment tanking a client's net
worth.

We need to find the coefficient of variation. The students who have a higher coefficient of variation will
have greater variability.

Coefficient of variation for male students:

Given,
Average score of male students is, 𝜇 = 3.0
The standard deviation of their scores is, 𝜎 = 0.25
We know,
σ
Coefficient of variation, CV = × 100
μ
0.25
= × 100
3.0
= 8.33%
So, the coefficient of variation for male students is 8.33%

Coefficient of variation for female students:

Given,
Average score of female students is, 𝜇 = 2.9
The standard deviation of their scores is, 𝜎 = 0.25
We know,
σ
Coefficient of variation, CV = × 100
μ

15
 0.25
= × 100
2.9
= 8.62%
So, the coefficient of variation for female students is 8.62%.
According to coefficient of variation, the female students are in greater variability.

Answer to the Question No. 07 (a)

Statistics is a branch of mathematics completely focused on gathering information, analyses and organize
it and then present the findings of it. Every bit of information gathered is what we call data, and this could
be anything, any group of things that are known, observed, measured, any group of facts which can be used
to then perform calculations and prove hypotheses.
The method of arranging data into homogeneous classes according to the common features present in the
data is known as classification.
A planned data analysis system makes the fundamental data easy to find and recover. This can be of
particular interest for legal discovery, risk management, and compliance. Written methods and sets of
guidelines for data classification should determine what levels and measures the company will use to
organize data and define the roles of employees within the business regarding input stewardship.
Once a data-classification scheme has been designed, the security standards that stipulate proper
approaching practices for each division and the storage criteria that determines the data’s lifecycle demands
should be discussed.
There are two types of data in statistics: Qualitative and Quantitative.
• Qualitative Data
As the name says it, qualitative data is that which refers to qualities of a study's subject, in other words,
qualitative data is concerned about gathering information coming from the physical characteristics, the
states or the denominations of the objects or items being studied. Thus, a qualitative variable can be grouped
into categories or ordered in a meaningful way, but it cannot be used into mathematical operations, it cannot
be counted or measured in a numerical scale.
• Quantitative Data
The quantitative data definition is just as simple as the one we saw for qualitative data; the name of this
data type let us know it refers to quantities. And so, formally speaking, quantitative data refers to variables
of quantities which can be either measured or operated on. A quantitative variable can be counted, measured
and/or operated with; it provides specific information on a numerical scale.

A frequency table taking the magnitude of each class interval as ten kilograms:
Class Mid-point, xi Tally Frequency, fi fixi
40 – 49 44.5 |||| 5 222.5

16
 50 – 59 54.5 |||| || 7 381.5
60 – 69 64.5 |||| |||| | 11 709.5
70 – 79 74.5 |||| |||| |||| 15 1,117.5
80 – 89 84.5 |||| ||| 8 676
90 – 99 94.5 |||| 5 472.5
100 – 109 104.5 || 2 209
110 – 119 114.5 || 2 229
n = 55 Σfixi = 4,017.5

We know,
1
Arithmetic Mean, x̅ = 𝑛 ∑𝑘𝑖=1 fixi

1
= 55 × 4,017.5
≈ 73.045
So, the arithmetic mean of the weights in kilograms of a group of 55 students is almost 73.045

Answer to the Question No. 07 (b)

Standard deviation and Coefficient of variance:

Turnover Mid-point, No of Companies, fx (x - 𝐱̅) (x - 𝐱̅)2 f(x - 𝐱̅)2
(Lakh) (x) (f)
5 – 10 7.5 8 60 -13.85 191.82 1534.56
10 – 15 12.5 18 225 -8.85 78.32 1409.76
15 – 20 17.5 42 735 -3.85 14.82 622.44
20 – 25 22.5 62 1395 1.15 1.32 81.84
25 – 30 27.5 30 825 6.15 37.82 1134.6
30 – 35 32.5 10 325 11.15 124.32 1243.2
35 – 40 37.5 4 150 16.15 260.82 1043.28
n = 174 Σfx = 3715 Σxidi = -40 Σf(x - x̅)2 = 7069.68

We know,
Σfx
Arithmetic Mean, x̅ = n
3715
= 174

17
 = 21.35

Σf(x − x̅)2
Standard deviation, 𝜎 = √
n

7069.68
=√ 174

= 6.37

𝜎
Coefficient of variance, CV = × 100
x̅
6.37
= × 100
21.35
= 29.84

Answer to the Question No. 07 (c)

Heights X of Heights Y of sons x= y= x2 y2 xy

father in inch in inch ̅)
(X – X ̅)
(Y – Y
65 68 -2.1 0.1 4.41 0.01 -0.21
63 66 -4.1 -1.9 16.81 3.91 7.79
67 68 -0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01 -0.01
64 65 -3.1 -2.9 9.61 8.41 8.99
68 69 0.9 1.1 0.81 2.21 0.99
66 65 -1.1 -2.9 1.21 8.41 3.19
70 69 2.9 1.1 8.41 1.21 3.19
68 71 0.9 3.1 0.81 9.61 2.79
69 68 1.9 0.1 3.91 0.01 0.19
71 70 3.9 2.1 15.21 4.41 8.19
ΣX = 671 Σ𝑌 = 679 Σx = 0 Σy = 0 Σx2 = 61.2 Σy2 = 38.2 Σxy = 35.1
̅
X = 671/10 = 67.1 ̅
Y = 679/10 = 67.9

We know,
Σxy
Correlation coefficient, r =
√Σx2 Σy2

18
 35.1
=
√61.2 × 38.2
= 0.726

For this data set, the correlation coefficient is 0.726. This number tells you two things about the data. Look
at the sign of the number and the size of the number.

• Because the correlation coefficient is positive, you can say there is a positive correlation
between the x-data and the y-data. This means that as the x values increase, you expect
the y values to increase also.
• Because the correlation coefficient is very close to +1, the x-data and y-data are very
closely connected. If you were to graph these points, you would see that they form a very
good approximation of a straight line.

Answer to the Question No. 08 (a)

➢ Sum of all probabilities = 1

∴ P(0) + P(1) + P(2) = 0.90 + 0.02 + 0.09 = 1.01 > 1
So, the probability equation is not true.

19