Class 10 Science Notes - Waves
Waves - Class 10 Notes
Definition
A wave is a disturbance or oscillation that transfers energy from one point
Types of Waves
1. Mechanical Waves
Require a medium to propagate (e.g., sound waves, water waves).
- Transverse Waves: Particles of the medium move perpendicular to the d
- Longitudinal Waves: Particles of the medium move parallel to the direct
2. Electromagnetic Waves
Do not require a medium (e.g., light waves, radio waves).
Key Terms
- Wavelength (lambda): Distance between two consecutive crests or trough
- Frequency (f): Number of waves passing a point per second (in Hertz, Hz)
- Amplitude (A): Maximum displacement of particles from their mean positi
- Speed (v): Distance traveled by a wave per unit time.
Formula: v = f · lambda
Characteristics of Waves
- Reflection: Bouncing of waves when they hit a surface.
- Refraction: Bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another.
- Diffraction: Spreading of waves when they pass through an opening or ar
- Interference: Superposition of two waves leading to constructive or destr
Applications
- Sound waves are used in communication and medical imaging (ultrasoun
- Light waves enable vision and are utilized in optical instruments.