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Name: Daniel Andrew oche

Mentor : ARC ILLUNO

Course Code: ARC 231

18 February 2024

1ST AND 3RD ANGLE ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

Introduction

Orthographic projection is a type of technical drawing that uses multiple views of an

object to show its true shape and size. First angle projection shows the object as if it were being

viewed from the front, while third angle projection shows the object as if it were being viewed

from the back. They're used to show the true shape and size of an object, and they're especially

useful for engineering and manufacturing purposes. These projections can show all sides of an

object at once, which makes them very useful for designing and constructing machines and other

products.

When producing 2D drawings there are two methods orthographic projection that can be used

First Angle Projection or Third Angle Projection. This chapter extensively covers, with clear

examples the rules for producing drawings to either both projection method and gives details on

the symbols which must be added to a drawing to identify the chosen method. This chapter also

gives guidance on drawing procedure and the positioning and layout of views. Projection

exercises (with solutions) are included, these are applicable to CAD and traditional draughting,

with the purpose of getting the reader to visualize and construct views from the set examples..

Simmons, Colin & Maguire, Dennis & Phelps, Neil. (2020). Principles of first and third angle
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orthographic projection. 10.1016/B978-0-12-818482-0.00006-2. When producing 2D drawings

there are two methods orthographic projection that can be used First Angle Projection or Third

Angle Projection. This chapter extensively covers, with clear examples the rules for producing

drawings to either both projection method and gives details on the symbols which must be added

to a drawing to identify the chosen method. This chapter also gives guidance on drawing

procedure and the positioning and layout of views. Projection exercises (with solutions) are

included, these are applicable to CAD and traditional draughting, with the purpose of getting the

reader to visualize and construct views from the set examples.

FIRST ANGLE - ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

Orthographic Projection is a way of drawing a 3D object from different directions. Usually a

front, side and plan view are drawn so that a person looking at the drawing can see all the

important sides. Orthographic drawings are useful especially when a design has been developed

to a stage whereby it is almost ready to manufacture.

IMPORTANT: There are two ways of drawing in orthographic - First Angle and Third Angle.

They differ only in the position of the plan, front and side views. Below is an example of First

Angle projection.

Opposite is a simple L-shape, drawn in three dimensions.

The front, side and plan views have drawn around the 3D shape. However this is not the correct

way of drawing them as they are not in the right positions.

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The correct method of presenting the three views, in first angle orthographic projection is shown

below. The drawing is composed of a front, side and plan view of the L-shaped object. The first

drawing is the front view (drawn looking straight at the front of the L-shape), the second is a

drawing of the L-shape seen from the side (known as side view) and last of all a drawing from

above known as a plan view. The red lines are faint guidelines and they are drawn to help keep

each view in line, level and the same size.

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Please Note! This is an example of first angle orthographic projection (as used mainly in

Europe). There is another type called third angle which is used by countries such as the USA.

The front, side and plan views are in different positions

THE SIDE VIEW

Imagine standing directly at the side of the L shape.

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THE FRONT VIEW

Now imagine standing directly in front of the

L-shape, the drawing opposite shows exactly

what you would see.

THE PLAN VIEW

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The plan view is a view seen directly from above. Some people call this a birds eye view.

THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION

The third angle projection is a method of orthographic projection and this is a technique

in portraying a 3D design using a series of 2D views and in the third angle projection object is

placed in the third quadrant and between the observer and the object, projection plane lies.

third angle projection

In this projection, the observer is normally supposed to look from the right side of the

quadrant to obtain the front view and the plane of projection has to be transparent. On the

transparent plane, the intersections of this plane with the projectors from all the points of the

object would form an image.

THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION

By placing it in the third quadrant of dihedral or third octant of a trihedral tingle if the

view of an object is taken then it is called third angle system.

On the horizontal plane top view forms and on the profile plane side view forms and on

the frontal plane front view is formed. The planes are set straight by rotation after making the

views and over the front view, the top view comes while by the side of front view side view

forms in this way.

SYMBOL:
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VIEWS IN THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION:

There are three main views in the third angle projection;

1. Front View

2. Side View

3. Plane View

THE FRONT VIEW:

The front view in the third angle of projection is a drawing of block-like at the front of the object

you are looking directly at. Object front view is projected on vertical and horizontal

planes respectively to draw the front view in third angle projection.

These views are prepared by placing the object in front and in this view the height and length of

the object are shown.

THE SIDE VIEW:

By looking to the object from the left side or right side this view is prepared and in this view the

breadth and height of an object is shown.

On the vertical right and vertical left planes object right and left side views are projected On a

2D plane to draw the right side view right plane is unfolded towards the right side and on

the right side of the front view right side view is projected. Similarly, on the left side of

the front view, the left side view is projected.

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THE PLANE VIEW:

From above the plane view is s bird’s eye view like looking from the top or bottom. By looking
at the object from the upper side this view is prepared and in this view length and breadth
of an object are shown.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION:

There are following characteristics of third angle projection such as;

Over the front view top view comes.

Under the top view front view always comes.

To the right of the front view right side view always come.

To the left of the front view left side view always comes.

To the side of the observer the view is always formed.

To the object and observer the view is always in the middle.

IMPORTANT POINTS IN THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION:

There are following important points in third angle projection such as:
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In the third quadrant object is assumed to be kept.

Between the observer and object plane of projection lies.

Transparent plane of projection.

Below the XY line front view is drawn.

Above XY line top view is drawn.

On the left plane left view is projected.