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Rocket Velocity and Acceleration Analysis

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Hazem Ali
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9 views4 pages

Rocket Velocity and Acceleration Analysis

Uploaded by

Hazem Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Example 2

The upward velocity of a rocket is given as a function of time as

Table 3 Velocity as a function of time.


t (s) v(t ) (m/s)
0 0
10 227.04
15 362.78
20 517.35
22.5 602.97
30 901.67

a) Determine the value of the velocity at t  16 seconds using


quadratic splines.
b) Using the quadratic splines as velocity functions, find the
distance covered by the rocket from t  11s to t  16 s .
c) Using the quadratic splines as velocity functions, find the
acceleration of the rocket at t  16 s .

Solution
a) Since there are six data points, five quadratic splines pass
through them.
v(t )  a1t 2  b1t  c1 , 0  t  10
 a 2 t 2  b2 t  c 2 , 10  t  15
 a3t 2  b3t  c3 , 15  t  20
 a 4 t 2  b4 t  c 4 , 20  t  22.5
 a5 t 2  b5 t  c5 , 22.5  t  30

The equations are found as follows.

1. Each quadratic spline passes through two consecutive data


points.
a1t 2  b1t  c1 passes through t  0 and t  10 .
a1 (0) 2  b1 (0)  c1  0 (1)
a1 (10)  b1 (10)  c1  227.04
2
(2)

a 2 t 2  b2 t  c2 passes through t  10 and t  15 .


a 2 (10) 2  b2 (10)  c 2  227.04 (3)
a 2 (15) 2  b2 (15)  c 2  362.78 (4)

a 3 t 2  b3 t  c3 passes through t  15 and t  20 .


a3 (15) 2  b3 (15)  c3  362.78 (5)
a 3 ( 20) 2  b3 ( 20)  c3  517.35 (6)
a 4 t 2  b4 t  c 4 passes through t  20 and t  22.5 .
a 4 (20) 2  b4 (20)  c 4  517.35 (7)
a 4 (22.5) 2  b4 (22.5)  c 4  602.97 (8)

a5 t 2  b5 t  c5 passes through t  22.5 and t  30 .


a 5 ( 22.5) 2  b5 ( 22.5)  c5  602.97 (9)
a 5 (30)  b5 (30)  c5  901.67
2
(10)

2. Quadratic splines have continuous derivatives at the interior data


points.
At t  10
2a1 (10)  b1  2a 2 (10)  b2  0 (11)

At t  15
2a 2 (15)  b2  2a3 (15)  b3  0 (12)

At t  20
2a3 (20)  b3  2a 4 (20)  b4  0 (13)

At t  22.5
2a 4 (22.5)  b4  2a5 (22.5)  b5  0 (14)

3. Assuming the first spline a1t 2  b1t  c1 is linear,


a1  0 (15)

Combining Equation (1) – (15) in matrix form gives

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  a1   0 
100 10 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  b1  227.04
0 0 0 100 10 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 
0 c1
227.04
    
0 0 0 225 15 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 2  362.78
0 0 0 0 0 0 225 15 1 0 0 0 0 0 0  b2  362.78
0 0 0 0 0 0 400 20 1 0 0 0 0 0
 
0 c 2 517.35
    
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 20 1 0 0 0  a 3  517.35 
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 506.25 22.5 1 0 0 0  b3   602.97 
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 506.25 22.5 1   c 3  602.97 
    
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 900 30 1   a 4  901.67 
 20 1 0  20  1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  b4   0 
0 0 0 30 1 0  30  1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  c 4   0 
    
 40 1 0 a5 
0 0 0 0 0 0 40 1 0 0 0 0
  0 
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 1 0  45  1 0   b5   0 
 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  c 5   0 
Solving the above 15 equations give the 15 unknowns as
i ai bi ci
1 0 22.704 0
2 0.8888 4.928 88.88
3 –0.1356 35.66 –141.61
4 1.6048 –33.956 554.55
5 0.20889 28.86 –152.13

Therefore, the splines are given by


v(t )  22.704t , 0  t  10
 0.8888t  4.928t  88.88,
2
10  t  15
 0.1356t  35.66t  141.61,
2
15  t  20
 1.6048t  33.956t  554.55,
2
20  t  22.5
 0.20889t 2  28.86t  152.13, 22.5  t  30

At t  16 s
v(16)  0.1356(16) 2  35.66(16)  141.61
 394.24 m/s

b) The distance covered by the rocket between 11 and 16 seconds


can be calculated as
16
s (16)  s (11)   v(t )dt
11
But since the splines are valid over different ranges, we need to
break the integral accordingly as
v(t )  0.8888t 2  4.928t  88.88, 10  t  15
 0.1356t 2  35.66t  141.61, 15  t  20
16 15 16

 v(t )dt   v(t )dt   v(t )dt


11 11 15

15 16
s (16)  s(11)   (0.8888t  4.928t  88.88)dt   (0.1356t 2  35.66t  141.61)dt
2

11 15

15
 t3 t2 
 0.8888  4.928  88.88t 
 3 2 11
16
 t3 t2 
  0.1356  35.66  141.61t 
 3 2 15
 1217 .35  378 .53
 1595 .9 m
c) What is the acceleration at t  16 ?
d
a(16)  v(t ) t 16
dt
d d
a(t )  v(t )  (0.1356t 2  35.66t  141.61)
dt dt
 0.2712t  35.66 , 15  t  20
a(16)  0.2712(16)  35.66
 31.321m/s 2

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