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A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO ST
GEORGE HIGH SCHOOL.
AS A PARTIAL FULFILLMENT TO ATTAIN THE UGANDA CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION
(UEC)
18/09/24
Project partner. Responsibility
Kabuye khassim. Mobilisation and monitoring
[Link]. Collection of money and buying items
[Link]. Setting bio gas digester
[Link]. Mixing organic matter
MAKING BIOGAS OUT OF COWDUNG AND
WATER
THEME: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
CHAPTER: Carbon In The Environment
Introduction
When I moved around my community of Kasengejje Village. I identified a problem that the
community is [Link] problem is that some people in my community cut down trees for
firewood and charcoal which is made by burning wood under limited supply of oxygen in soil but
this causes emission of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide
which contribute to global warming through the green house effect.
When firewood and charcoal are burnt they produce smoke which pollute [Link] ,some
dispose waste in swamps hence leading to water pollution and disposal because some dispose
waste in swamps hence leading to water pollution and water borne diseases . Another problem
is that there is increase prices of electricity for cooking and lighting .
Kitchen waste is organic material having high calorific value and nutritive value for
microbes, that is why efficiency of methane production can be increased by several
order of use. It means higher efficiency of production of biogas is needed. In the
community, kitchen waste is disposed in landfill which causes public health hazards and
diseases like malaria, cholera, typhoid. Inadequate management of wastes like
uncontrolled dumping bears several consequences. It not only leads to pollution of
surface and ground water but also is a breeding place for flies, mosquitoes, rats. It also
Main aim.
To produce clean, sustainable energy from organic waste,utilize waste as a resource,
mitigate climate change by capturing methane from waste and provide reliable energy source
and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
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brings unpleasant smell and methane which is a major greenhouse gas leading to global
warming.
Objectives.
-Collect or buy the needed materials for the project.
-Follow procedures of the preparation in the project and provide time for it to be ready.
-Take safety precautions on the finish of the project and seal it properly before it is ready.
-Test the project results after the project is ready in order to identify if it has worked out.
Scope of the project.
Geographical scope.
St. George High School.
Scope of consumer targeted.
The product will surve cooks , house wives , parents of all sex aged eighteen and above.
PROJECT’S ACTION PLAN .
No. Activity Starting date Ending date Number
of days
to spend
1 Problem identification 14/07/24 14/07/24 1
2 Planning for the 15/07/24 17/07/24 2
project
3 Project implementation 19/07/24 2/07/24 15
4 Testing the prototypes 05/08/24 5/08/24 1
efficiency
5 Adjustments/ 07/08/24 8/08/24 1
modifications
6 Testing the final 26/08/24 26/08/24 18
product's efficiency
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7 Report writing. 17/09/24 1/09/24 37
The tangible project
BIOGAS DIGESTER.
Biogas is produced by bacteria through the bio degradation of organic matter under
anaerobic conditions . Natural generation of biogas is part of bio-chemical carbon cycle.
It can be used in rural and urban areas. Because it is affordable and eco friendly i.e
doesn't give off dangerous fumes and doesn't involve cutting of forests and made of
wastes (organic) reducing disposal of wastes in landfills.
IDENTIFICATION OF MATERIALS AND BUDGETING.
No. Item Descriptio Quantity Unit price Amount
n ( UGX) (UGX)
1 Cow dung Organic 20 0 0
matter
2 Aquarium Delivery 1 2000 2000
hose tube
3 Jerrycan Fetching 1 0 0
water
4 Polythene Ensuring 2 500 500
bags air
tightness
5 Water Decompos 5 0 0
ing agent
6 Cello tape Tighten 1 2000 2000
7 Nails To make a 1
___ _________ hole _________ ____0 __0
8 Bucket ________ __1
___20c
black 5000____ 5000______
colour _
Bicycle Gas 1 10,000_ 10,000
9 tube collection
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Total 19,500 19,500
THE PROJECT SKETCH OR PLAN
A RESEARCH ON HOW TO MAKE THE PRODUCT
Bio gas is produced through the process of anaerobic digestion where organic materials such
as animal manure,food waste or crop residues are broken down by bacteria in the absence of
[Link] process releases methane gas,which can be collected and used as a renewable
energy source .
Steps involved in making bio gas are;
- organic materials are collected and prepared for digestion,this involves mixing the materials
to create a uniform feedstock.
- The prepared organic materials are placed in a sealed anaerobic digester , where they are
broken down by bacteria through a series of biological reactions. These reactions produce
methane gas , carbon dioxide.
- The methane gas produced during digestion is collected and stored in a gas storage
tank .The gas can be then used for heating, cooking or to generate electricity.
- The remaining byproducts of digestion, known as digestate can be used as a nutrient rich
fertilizer for agricultural purposes
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METHODOLOGY OF MAKING THE PRODUCT
1. Getting a plastic bucket that will hold the mixture of cow dung ,crop residues and water to
produce methane gas
2. Collect cow dung ,crop residue and mix it with water to form slurry . The cow dung and crop
residue produce the organic matter needed for methane production,while water helps in the
decomposition process .A hole is pierced on the top of bucket cover using a nail and the
aquarium hose is connected through it .
3. Make sure there is some space in the bucket for the gas to collect.
4. Insert one end of the aquarium hose into the bucket (bio gas digester) this hose will be used
to collect the methane gas produced during the fermentation process . Make sure the bucket is
sealed using a polythene bag and cello tape to ensure no oxygen enters the bio gas digester.
5. Connect the other end of the aquarium hose to a bicycle tire tube , it will act as a gas storage
container.
6. Allow for fermentation by placing the bio gas digester in a warm and dark place . The bacteria
present in the cow dung breaks down the organic matter, producing methane gas .this takes 2
to 3 weeks
7. As the methane gas is produced it will accumulate in the bicycle tire tube,once there is a
sufficient amount of gas collected the bicycle tire tube expands and this gas is used as a clean
and renewable source for energy for cooking or heating purposes .
8. After the gas is collected in the bicycle tire tube the aquarium hose is closed using cello tape
MECHANISM OF HOW THE PRODUCT WORKS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMS
Bio gas is collected in the bicycle tire tube is let out through the gas valve
This gas helps to provide heat when a match stick is lit on top of it . It can be used for cooking
purposes to help stop cutting down of trees and the bio gas digester helps to reduce waste
accumulation in the environment hence combating pollution since anaerobic bacteria break
down organic matter, producing methane gas .
Product testing
-when the bicycle tube is filled with methane gss it will expand. The value gas is closed to
ensure that no biogas leaves the container . the aquarium hose is pulled out and closed using
cellutape the bicycle tube is then put in a well ventillated area and the gas valve is opened. A
match stick is light in top of the gas. Ensure that you not exposed to the gas because it may
lead burns. If a flame blooms due to exposure to methane the project will be succesful.
Challenges faced during project impementation
_Depending on the size of the bio gas digester and the gas consumption a large quantity of cow
dung and crop residures is requied
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_issues such as leakage in the bicycle tire tube which affectes the perfomance of the
biogassystem
_cow dung can be collected in a larger quantity,the biogas digester can also be enlarged or use
of larger plastic tanks to peneble fermentation of large quantity of cow dung and larger products
of methane gas
-Regular monitoring and upkeep of the equipment are essential to ensure proper production of
biogas
-Ensuring a consistent and suffucient supply of organic materials. May be challenging especially
in agricultural settings where it is used as manure yet even when the anaerobic digestion
process has ended the digestate can be uses as a nutrient rich fertilizers.
Effectiveness. The product mate solved the problems
The bio digestee produced enough bio gas ( methane) needed for heating purposes. The
implementation was cheap because the money was collected and profit will be gained because
biogas is a bit cheaper than fossil fuels and helps to mitigate climate such as global warming. It
is also frendly and is the best alternative source of energy
Efficiency
According to the money time and effort put in conducting this project the bio gas produced was
of high quality since materials were cheap this makes the project less costly.
Conclusion:
The production of biogas using a simple setup is a viable option for rural areas where access to
electricity and gas is limited. This setup is cost-effective, easy to maintain, and produces a clean
and renewable energy source.
Recommendations:
- Use a larger bucket to increase biogas production.
- Add more cow dung to increase methane content.
- Use a gas holder to store the biogas produced.
- Connect the biogas to a stove or lamp for cooking and lighting purposes.
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