Effects of hydropower generation and opportunities for environmental flow management in

Swedish riverine ecosystems

Renöfält, B. M., Jansson, R., & Nilsson, C. (2010). Effects of hydropower generation and opportunities for
environmental flow management in Swedish riverine ecosystems. Freshwater Biology, 55(1), 49-
67.

There are many forms of renewable energy sources present in our world today. According to
Jansson et al. (2010), hydroelectric power generation is a clean and safe kind of renewable
energy, making it better than using nuclear energy and fossil fuels that release toxics and wastes
into the environment. However, due to hydropower generation utilizing dams and rivers by
dividing them into fragments, the said technology can alter the flow of water. Influencing the
flow of water in rivers and dams can result to significant changes in marine ecosystem.

Mini-Hydro Turbine: Solution to Power Challenges in an Emerging Society with Abundance of

Water
Okhueleigbe, E. I., & Godswill, O. (2017). Mini-hydro turbine: solution to power challenges in an emerging
society with abundance of water. American Journal of Engineering and Technology
Management, 2(2), 7-12.

Okhueleigbe (2017) described hydropower generation as generating electrical energy by using

the power from falling or flowing water, from dams and rivers. Having almost no aftermaths like
the other energy sources, it has become one of the most established renewable energy sources in
the world.

Maximization of hydropower generation through the application of a linear programming model

Yoo, J. H. (2009). Maximization of hydropower generation through the application of a linear programming
model. Journal of hydrology, 376(1-2), 182-187.

A study conducted by Yoo in 2009 about using linear programming model to increase the electricity
generation from hydroelectric powerplants showed remarkable results. The test subject in this study is the
Yongdom multipurpose dam in Geum River, South Korea. A linear programming model manipulates
variables present in a given study to increase certain results, and in this case, the electric generation. It
uses mathematical calculations with variables in a linear relationship with each other, to maximize the
potential. The study by Yoo took 12 months to finish and overall, 86% of the maximum potential electric
power generated annually by the river can be attained by the model with linear programming. This
concludes that the use of such modelling is beneficial to the technology.
Potential hydropower estimation for the Mindanao River Basin in the Philippines based on watershed
modelling using the soil and water assessment tool
Guiamel, I. A., & Lee, H. S. (2020). Potential hydropower estimation for the Mindanao River Basin in the
Philippines based on watershed modelling using the soil and water assessment tool. Energy
Reports, 6, 1010-1028.

Using yet another computer-based programming, namely the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT),
described the watersheds of the Mindanao River Basin and then simulated the flow with inputs (Guiamel
& Lee, 2020). This program allowed the study to have a calculation on the potential electric power
generation capacity of the Mindanao River Basin. Analyzing the inputs from the SWAT report, the study
concluded that using hydroelectric powerplants in Mindanao River Basin can ultimately enhance the
energy situation in Mindanao. Additionally, using again the SWAT technology, the Mindanao River Basin
can also be used to control floods in downstream areas in Mindanao.

Mini-hydro power generation on existing irrigation projects: Case study of Indian sites
Adhau, S. P., Moharil, R. M., & Adhau, P. G. (2012). Mini-hydro power generation on existing irrigation
projects: Case study of Indian sites. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(7), 4785-
4795.

Because large hydroelectric powerplants give unwanted disadvantages, the pursuit for a better plan was
the result. Fortunately, according to Adhau et al. (2012), it is feasible for a small-scale hydroelectric
powerplant to occur. The technology will only have small rivers and canals as its base, unlike major water
forms. With this, disadvantages like threat to marine life is eliminated while still maintaining its function to
generate electricity.

Energy Potential of Macopa Irrigation using Pico-Hydro Power Plant Design Utilizing Under-Shot Type
Waterwheel

Delante, V. Z., Ylaya, V. J., Vicerra, R. R. P., & Bacarro, R. R. (2021, November). Energy Potential of
Macopa Irrigation using Pico-Hydro Power Plant Design Utilizing Under-Shot Type Waterwheel.
In 2021 IEEE 13th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information
Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management (HNICEM) (pp. 1-6).
IEEE.

(Delante et al., 2021)

A different study in the Philippines was also conducted to measure again the potential hydroelectric power
generation. It was done in the province of Surigao del Norte, irrigation of Macopa, San Francisco. From
recording and measuring the water flow and hydraulic power of the irrigation, authors was able to graph
the water volume and the power generated. All throughout the day, both the water volume and power had
been consistent. It has been further concluded that using the irrigation, people can build a small
hydroelectric power plant because the irrigation has enough electric capacity to power street lights
(Delante et al., 2021).
 The very first day of my back-to-school set up after 2 whole academic years of laying
low in academics was very remarkable to me, but not in a good way unfortunately. I was selected
by our instructor to be the leader in a group activity that must report the different contributions of
3 presidential regimes, Noynoy, Duterte and Marcos Jr. That exact moment honestly teared my
plans of laying low still, only contributing to the class minimally but enough. But my position
requires me to take control and lead, which is very tiring to me since I was not really the leader-
type of a guy. And in addition to that, speaking in front of others is really not in my good list. I
speak fast and I tend to rumble my words because of my nervousness. Taking that task after that
very hour made me really tired, physically and mentally. But thanks to my groupmates, we were
able to pull of a very satisfying performance. After that task was finally over, I made some few
friends and I became slightly more comfortable with my college life.
The next task was also like the first one, but in that time I am not the leader anymore, so
less pressure on my part. But that does not last that long, since I was tasked with yet another
mentally draining part. After the performance again, I was finally relieved from the stress. I was
very anxious for my role because I was worried that everything will flop. Thankfully, it did not. I
was somehow satisfied with our performance.
I learned a lot in this course, from materials and from experiences. Without Science,
Technology & Society, I honestly think that I will not be able to have that people I can now call
friends. Without it, I will still be alone, minding my own business. Without all that
performances, my self-confidence will not go back to me and I will still have zero trust in
myself. I picked up a lot of life lessons in this course more than those that I got from junior and
senior high school. Although I tend to complain at first, I am honestly thankful for the existence
of this course, as well as to our instructor.
On the other hand, there are still many written tasks Engr. Jhon Zen Capulong gave us
aside from those performances. I really don’t mind having that many tasks from him, since it will
help me be more ready in the upcoming years. I am really thankful for that opportunity to test my
skills this early on. Complaining will forever be a part of me, but I still appreciate all the tasks
from our instructor. I will remember Engr. Capulong to be the instructor during my college years
that gave me loads of work but was still able to give me entertainment and enjoyment amidst all
of that. I will be forever thankful to our instructor and to Science, Technology & Society for
giving me a chance to be a better student.