20

Statistics
Representation of Data IN THIS CHAPTER ....
The data once collected, must be arranged or organised in a way so that Representation of Data
definite inferences can be made out from it. The most common organisational Measures of Central Tendency
schemes are Tabular representation and Graphical representation.
Mean
In tabular representation, the data can be organised as discrete frequency or
Geometric Mean (GM)
continuous frequency distribution and provides both economy of
representation and organisation. Harmonic Mean (HM)
On the other hand in case of Graphical representation the most common types Median
in which data can be represented are : Histogram, Pie diagram or an Ogive. Measures of Dispersion
The benefit of Graphical representation is that the data is often better
Range
understood and inferences/results can be made out of it easily and quickly.
Mean Deviation
Measures of Central Tendency Standard Deviation
Generally, average of a distribution is a measure of the middle or expected
value of distribution, such values are known as measures of central tendency.
These are five types of central tendency
(i) Mean (ii) Geometric mean
(iii) Harmonic mean (iv) Median (v) Mode.

Mean
The sum of all the observations is divided by the number of observations is
called mean and it is denoted by x.

Mean of Ungrouped or Individual Data

If x1 , x2 , x3 ,... , xn are n observations, then mean by
x + x2 + .... + xn 1 n
(a) Direct method x = 1
n
= å xi
n i =1
n
1
(b) Shortcut method x = A +
n
å di
i =1

where, A = Assumed mean and di = xi - A

Statistics 491

Mean of Grouped or Continuous Data Example 2. The weighted mean of first n natural numbers
If x1 , x2 , x3 , ... , xn are n observations whose corresponding whose weights are equal to the number of selections out of n
frequencies are f1 , f2 , f3 , ... , fn , then mean by natural numbers of corresponding numbers, is
n n × 2n - 1 3n(n + 1) (n + 1)(2n + 1) n(n + 1)
å fi xi (a)
2n - 1
(b)
2(2n + 1)
(c)
6
(d)
2
x1 f1 + x2 f2 + ... + xn fn i =1
(a) Direct method x = =
f1 + f2 + ... + fn n
Sol. (a) The required mean
å fi 1×n C1 + 2 ×n C 2 + 3 ×n C3 + ¼ + n ×n C n
i =1 x= n
n C1 + nC 2 + ¼ + nC n
å fi di n n
n n

(b) Shortcut method x = A +

i =1
n
å r ×n Cr år × r n -1
Cr - 1 nå n -1
Cr - 1
r =0 r =1 r =1
= = =
å fi n n n
i =1 å nC r å nC r å nC r
r =1 r =1 r =1
where A = Assumed mean and di = xi - A
n × 2n - 1
=
Example 1. If for some x Î R, the frequency distribution of 2n - 1
the marks obtained by 20 students in a test is
Marks 2 3 5 7
Combined Mean
Frequency ( x + 1) 2 2x - 5 2
x - 3x x If two sets of observations are given, then the combined
mean of both the sets can be calculated by the following
Then, the mean of the marks is (JEE Main 2019)
formula
(a) 3.0 (b) 2.8 (c) 2.5 (d) 3.2 n x + n 2 x2
x12 = 1 1
Sol. (b) The given frequency distribution, for some x Î R, of n1 + n 2
marks obtained by 20 students is where, x1 = mean of first set of observations
Marks 2 3 5 7 n1 = number of observations in first set
Frequency ( x + 1) 2 2x - 5 x2 - 3x x x2 = mean of second set of observations
Q Number of students = 20 = S fi n 2 = number of observations in second set
Þ ( x + 1) 2 + (2x - 5) + ( x2 - 3x) + x = 20
Þ ( x2 + 2x + 1) + (2x - 5) + ( x2 - 3x) + x = 20 Properties of Mean
Þ 2x2 + 2x - 24 = 0 Þ x2 + x - 12 = 0 (i) Algebraic sum of the deviations of a set of values
from their mean is zero.
Þ ( x + 4)( x - 3) = 0 Þ x = 3 [as x > 0 ]
S fi xi (ii) The sum of the squares of the deviations of a set of
Now, mean ( x) =
S fi values is minimum when taken about mean.
2( x + 1) 2 + 3(2x - 5) + 5( x2 - 3x) + 7x (iii) Mean is affected by the change or shifting of origin
= and scale.
20
2( 4) 2 + 3(1) + 5(0) + 7(3) 32 + 3 + 21
= = Example 3. If X1 and X 2 are the means of two distributions
20 20
56 such that X1 < X 2 and X is the mean of the combined
= = 2 .8
20 distribution, then
Hence, option (b) is correct. (a) X < X1 (b) X > X 2
X1 + X 2
Weighted Mean (c) X = (d) X1 < X < X 2
2
If corresponding weight of x1 , x2 , ¼ , xn are w1 , w2 , .... , wn
Sol. (d) Let n1 and n2 be the number of observations in two groups
respectively, then
w x + w2x2 + ..... + wn xn having means X1 and X 2 respectively. Then,
Weighted mean = 1 1 n1X1 + n2X 2
w1 + w2 + .... + wn X=
n n1 + n2
å wi xi n1X1 + n2X 2
i =1 Now, X - X1 = - X1
= n n1 + n2
å wi =
n2( X 2 - X1)
>0 [Q X 2 > X1]
i =1
n1 + n2
492 JEE Main Mathematics

Þ X > X1 …(i) Harmonic Mean for Ungrouped Data

n ( X1 - X 2)
and X - X2 = <0 [Q X 2 > X1] If x1 , x2 , . . . xn be n observations, then harmonic mean is
n1 + n2
given by
Þ X < X2 …(ii) n n
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get HM = = n
1 1 1 1
X1 < X < X 2
+
x1 x2
+ ... +
xn å x
i =1 i

Geometric Mean (GM) Harmonic Mean for Grouped Data

The nth root of the product of the values is called
If x1 , x2 , . . . xn be n observations, whose corresponding
geometric mean.
frequencies are f1 , f2 , . . , fn , then harmonic mean is given
Geometric Mean for Ungrouped Data by
n
If x1 , x2 , x3 , . . . , xn be n observations, then geometric mean
is given by G = ( x1 × x2 × x3 . . . xn )1/ n
å fi
i =1
HM = n
1 fi
Þ log G =
n
(log x1 + log x2 + log x3 + . . . + log xn ) å xi
i =1
1 n
Þ log G = å log xi
n i =1 Example 5. Find the harmonic mean of
1 2 3
, , , ...,
n
,
2 3 4 n +1
é1 n ù
Þ G = antilog ê å log xi ú occurring with frequencies 1, 2, 3, …, n, respectively.
êë n i =1 úû n -1 n +1
(a) (b)
3 -n 3+n
Geometric Mean for Grouped Data n +1
If x1 , x2 , . . . , xn be n observations whose corresponding (c) (d) None of these
3 -n
frequencies are f1 , f2 , . . . , fn , then geometric mean is given
by Sol. (b) We know that,
é1 n ù åf
GM = ( x1f1 × x2f2 . . . xnfn )1/ N = antilog ê å fi log xi ú, Harmonic mean =
æfö
êë N i = 1 úû å çè x ÷ø
n
where N = å fi \ å f =1+ 2 + 3 + ... + n =
n(n + 1)
i =1 2
f 1 2 3 n
Example 4. The geometric mean G of the product of n
and å x = 1/ 2 + 2 / 3 + 3 / 4 + . . . + n / (n + 1)
series of data with geometric means G1, G2, ........., Gn 3 ´2 4 ´3 n(n + 1)
respectively, then =2 + + + ... +
2 3 n
(a) G = G1G 2 ...... G n (b) G = G1G 2 ...... G n = 2 + 3 + 4 + . . . + n + (n + 1)
(c) G = - G1G 2 ...... G n (d) None of these which is an arithmetic progression with a = 2 and d = 1.
By the formula of sum of n term of an AP,
Sol. (b) Let x1, x2, ...... , xn be the variates corresponding to n sets f én ù
of data, each having the same number of observations say K å x = êë 2 { 2a + (n - 1) d} úû , we have
and x be their product. n
Then, x = x1x2 ...... xn = {2 ´ 2 + n - 1}
2
i.e. log x = log x1 + log x2 + .... + log xn n
\ = (3 + n)
S log x S log x1 S log x2 S log xn 2
or = + + ...... + n(n + 1)
K K K K
\ Harmonic mean = 2
or log G = log G1 + log G 2 + ...... + log G n n(3 + n)
Þ G = G1G 2 ...... G n 2
n(n + 1) ´ 2
=
Harmonic Mean (HM) n(3 + n) ´ 2
The harmonic mean of any series is the reciprocal of the n +1
=
arithmatic mean of the reciprocals of the observations. 3+n
Statistics 493

Example 6. The mean and the median of the following

Median ten numbers in increasing order 10, 22, 26, 29, 34, x, 42, 67,
A set of observations whenever arranged in order of y
magnitude (ascending or descending), then the 70, y are 42 and 35 respectively, then is equal to
x
middlemost or central value gives the median. It divides (JEE Main 2019)
the observation into two equal parts in such a way that 7 7 8 9
(a) (b) (c) (d)
the number of observations smaller than median is equal 3 2 3 4
to the number greater than it.
Sol. (a) Given ten numbers are
Median for Ungrouped or Individual Data 10, 22, 26, 29, 34, x, 42, 67, 70, y
Suppose n observations are arranged in ascending or and their mean = 42
descending order.
10 + 22 + 26 + 29 + 34 + x + 42 + 67 + 70 + y
(a) If n is an odd number, then \ = 42
10
æ n + 1ö 300 + x + y
Median = Value of ç ÷ th term Þ = 42
è 2 ø 10
(b) If n is an even number, then Þ x + y = 120 …(i)
and their median (arranged numbers are in increasing order)
Median
= 35
ænö æn ö
Value of ç ÷ th term + Value of ç + 1÷ th term 34 + x
è 2ø è2 ø Þ = 35
= 2
2
Þ 34 + x = 70
Median for Discrete Frequency Data Þ x = 36
First arrange the data in ascending or descending order On substituting x = 36 in Eq. (i), we get
N 36 + y = 120
and find cumulative frequency. Now find , where
2 Þ y = 84
N = S fi . See the cumulative frequency just greater than y 84 7
N \ = =
. The corresponding value of x is median. x 36 3
2

Median for Continuous Data Measures of Dispersion

In this case, the class corresponding to the A measure of dispersion is designed to state the extent to
which the individual observations vary from their
N
cumulative frequency just greater than is called the average. These are following types of dispersion are
2
median class and the value of median is obtained by the (i) Range
following formula. (ii) Quartile deviation
æN ö (iii) Mean deviation
ç - c÷
2 (iv) Standard deviation
Median = l + ç ÷´h
ç f ÷ (v) Variance
è ø
In this chapter, we shall study all of these measures of
where, l = lower limit of median class dispersion except the quartile deviation.
f = frequency of median class
h = size of median class Range
c = cumulative frequency of class before Range is the difference between two extreme
median class observations of distribution. If L and S are largest and
Note Cumulative frequency of a value is its frequency plus the smallest observations respectively, then
frequencies of all smaller values L-S
Range = L - S and coefficient of range =
e.g. L+S
x f cf
In a grouped frequency distribution, the range is
1 4 4
calculated by subtracting the lower limit of lower class
2 6 10 ( 4 + 6 )
3 4 14 ( 4 + 6 + 4 ) intervals from the upper limit of the highest class.
494 JEE Main Mathematics

Sol. (a)
Mean Deviation
Class fi cf Mid value xi |xi - M| fi|xi - M|
Mean deviation of a distribution is the arithmetic mean
of the absolute deviation of the terms of the distribution 0-10 6 6 5 |5 - 27.86|= 22.86 137.16
from its statistical mean (AM, median or mode). 10-20 8 (14)C 15 |5 - 27.86| = 12.86 102.88
(20-30) (14) 28 25 |25 - 27.86|= 2.86 40.04
For Ungrouped or Individual Series 30-40 16 44 35 |35 - 27.86|= 7.14 114.24
If x1 , x2 , .... , xn are n observations, then mean deviation 40-50 4 48 45 |45 - 27.86|= 17.14 68.56
from average, A (usually mean, median, mode) is 50-60 2 50 55 |55 - 27.86|= 27.14 54.28
n n
Total Sfi = 50 517.16
å ½ xi - A ½ å ½ di ½
i =1 i =1
MD = = N 50
= = 25
n n 2 2
where, di = xi - A Þ C = 14, f = 14, l = 20 , h = 10
N
For Grouped Distribution -C
Median M = l + 2 ´h
If x1 , x2 , ... , xn are n observations whose corresponding f
frequencies are f1 , f2 , ... , fn , then mean deviation from 25 - 14 11 ´ 10
average A (usually mean, median or mode) is = 20 + ´ 10 = 20 +
14 14
n n
= 20 + 7.86 = 27.86
å fi½ xi - A½ å fi|di|
Sf| x - M|
i =1 i =1
MD = = \ Mean deviation about median = i i
n n Sfi
å fi å fi
517.16
i =1 i =1 = = 10.34
50
Mean deviation
Coefficient of MD =
Corresponding average
Standard Deviation
Example 7. The mean deviation from the mean of the AP The standard deviation of a variate is the square root of
the arithmetic mean of the squares of all deviations of
a, a + d , a + 2d , ¼, a + 2nd is
the values of the variate x from the arithmatic mean of
n(n + 1)d the observations and is denoted by s.
(a) n(n + 1)d (b)
2n + 1
n(n + 1)d n(n - 1)d Standard Deviation for Individual Series
(c) (d)
2n 2n + 1 If x1 , x2 , x3 , ... , xn are n observations, then
n n
Sol. (b) The mean of the series
å ( xi - x )2 å xi2
a, a + d , a + 2d , ¼ , a + 2nd is SD (s ) =
i =1
or (s ) =
i =1
- ( x )2
1 n n
X= [ a + ( a + d) + ( a + 2d) + ¼ + ( a + 2nd )]
2n + 1 2
1 n æ1 n ö
=
1 ì 2n + 1
í
ü
( a + a + 2nd)ý = a + nd
or s=
n
å di2 - çç å di ÷÷
2n + 1î 2 þ i =1 èn i =1 ø

Therefore, mean deviation from mean where, d i = xi - x

2n 2n
1 1
= å
2n + 1 r = 0
|( a + rd) - ( a + nd)| = å |r - n|d
2n + 1 r = 0
Standard Deviation for Frequency Distribution
If x1 , x2 , x3 , ... , xn are n observations and corresponding
1 n(n + 1) frequencies are f1 , f2 , ... , fn respectively, then
= × 2d(1 + 2 + ¼ + n) = d
2n + 1 2n + 1 n n
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer. å fi ( xi - x )2 å fi xi2
i =1 i =1
s= or (s ) = - ( x )2
Example 8. Find the mean deviation about median for N N
the following data. 2
1 æ n ö 1 æ n ö
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 or s= çç å fi di2 ÷÷ - çç å fi di ÷÷
Number of girls 6
N èi = 1 ø N èi = 1 ø
8 14 16 4 2

(a) 10.34 (b) 10.50 (c) 10.40 (d) 10.37 where, di = xi - x and N = S fi
Statistics 495

x
Properties of Standard Deviation Þ 40 + = 48
6
(i) It is independent of origin. x
Þ = 8 Þ x = 48
(ii) It is dependent of change of scale. 6
(iii) It is not less than mean deviation from mean. Now, standard deviation of these marks
(iv) Let n1 and n 2 be the sizes of two series. Their means 412 + 452 + 432 + 542 + 572 + 482
and standard deviations are x1 , x2 and s1 , s 2 = - 48 2
6
respectively. Let x denote the combined mean of two
series, that is Sxi2
[Q standard deviation (SD) = - ( x) 2]
n x + n 2 x2 6
x= 1 1
n1 + n 2 ( 412 - 482) + ( 452 - 482) + ( 432 - 482)
\ The combined standard deviation of two series is + (54 2 - 482) + (572 - 482)
=
given by 6
n1 (s12 + d12 ) + n 2 (s 22 + d22 ) ( -7 ´ 89) + ( -3 ´ 93) + ( -5 ´ 91)
s=
n1 + n 2 + (6 ´ 102) + (9 ´ 105)
=
6
n1 s12 + n 2s 22 n1n 2 ( x1 - x2 )2
or s= + 945 + 612 - 455 - 279 - 623
n1 + n 2 ( n1 + n 2 )2 =
6
where, d1 = x1 - x and d2 = x2 - x 1557 - 1357 200
= =
5 (Mean deviation) 6 6
s=
4 100 10
= =
n n 3 3
Example 9. If å ( xi - a) = n and å ( xi - a) 2 = na, (n, a > 1),
i =1 i =1 Example 11. If both the mean and the standard deviation of
then the standard deviation of n observations x1, x2, K, xn is 50 observations x1, x2, K , x50 are equal to 16, then the mean
(JEE Main 2020) of ( x1 - 4) 2,( x2 - 4) 2, K , ( x50 - 4) 2 is (JEE Main 2019)
(a) a -1 (b) n a -1 (c) n( a -1) (d) a -1
(a) 480 (b) 400 (c) 380 (d) 525
n n
Sol. (d) It is given that å (xi - a) = n and å (xi - a) 2 = na, (n, a > 1) Sol. (b) It is given that both mean and standard deviation of
i =1 i =1 50 observations x1, x2, x3 , K , x50 are equal to 16,
\ Standard deviation of ‘n’ observations Sx
So, mean = i = 16 …(i)
n n 50
å (xi - a) 2 å (xi - a) Sxi2 æ Sxi ö
2
i =1 i =1
= - and standard deviation = - ç ÷ = 16
n n 50 è 50 ø
na n Sxi2
= - = a -1 Þ - (16) 2 = (16) 2
n n 50
Sxi2
Example 10. A student scores the following marks in five Þ = 2 ´ 256 = 512 …(ii)
50
tests 45, 54, 41, 57, 43. His score is not known for the sixth
Now, mean of ( x1 - 4) 2, ( x2 - 4) 2, K ,( x50 - 4) 2
test. If the mean score is 48 in the six tests, then the standard
deviation of the marks in six tests is (JEE Main 2019) S( xi - 4) 2 S( xi2 - 8xi + 16)
= =
10 10 50 50
(a) (b)
3 3 Sxi2 æ Sx ö 16
= -8ç i÷ + S1
100 100 50 è 50 ø 50
(c) (d)
3 3 æ 16 ö
= 512 - (8 ´ 16) + ç ´ 50 ÷
Sol. (b) Let the marks in sixth tests is ‘x’, so è 50 ø
41 + 45 + 43 + 54 + 57 + x [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
Mean = = 48 (given)
6 = 512 - 128 + 16
240 + x = 400
Þ = 48
6
496 JEE Main Mathematics

Sol. (c) Given, sets

Variance X = { x ÎN : 1 £ x £ 17}
The variance of a variate is the square of standard and Y = { ax + b : x Î X and a, b ÎR, a > 0}
deviation and it is denoted by s 2 or Var ( x ). 17
S ( ax + b)
x =1
2 2 Now, = 17
Var ( x ) = s = (standard deviation) 17
s 17
Coefficient of dispersion = ´ 100, x ¹ 0 Þ a S x + 17b = 17 ´ 17 Þ 9a + b = 17 … (i)
x x =1
17
Example 12. The mean and variance of 8 observations are S ( ax + b) 2
x =1
10 and 13.5 respectively. If 6 of these observations are 5,7,10, and - (17) 2 = 216
17
12, 14, 15, then the absolute difference of the remaining two 17
observations is (JEE Main 2020) Þ S ( ax + b) 2 = 17 [216 + 289]
x =1
(a) 9 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 5 = 17 ´ 505 = 8585
17 17
Sol. (c) Let remaining two observations are x and y, so mean 2 2
Þ a S x + 2ab S x + 17b = 8585
x =1 x =1
5 + 7 + 10 + 12 + 14 + 15 + x + y
= = 10 æ17 ´ 18 ´ 35 ö æ17 ´ 18 ö
8 Þ a2 ç ÷ + 2abç ÷ + 17b = 8585
è 6 ø è 2 ø
Þ x + y = 80 - 63
Þ x + y = 17 …(i) Þ 105a2 + 18ab + b2 = 505 … (ii)
25 + 49 + 100 + 144 + 196 + 225 + x2 + y 2 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
and, Variance =
8 105a2 + 18a(17 - 9a) + (17 - 9a) 2 = 505
-100 = 13.5 Þ105a2 + 306a - 162a2 + 289 + 81a2- 306a = 505
739 + x2 + y 2
Þ = 113.5 Þ 24a2 = 216 Þ a2 = 9
8
Þ a = 3 as a > 0
Þ x2 + y 2 = 908 - 739
So, b = - 10
Þ x2 + y 2 = 169 …(ii) \ a + b = 3 - 10 = - 7
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
x = 12 and y = 5 Effect of Average and Dispersion on
Change of Origin and Scale
\ | x - y| = |12 - 5 | = 7
Hence, option (c) is correct. Change of origin Change of scale

Example 13. Let X = {x e N : 1£ x £ 17} and Mean Dependent Dependent

Y = {ax + b : x Î X and a, b Î R, a > 0}. If mean and variance Median Not dependent Dependent
of elements of Y are 17 and 216 respectively, then a + b Mode Not dependent Dependent
is equal to (JEE Main 2020) Standard deviation Not dependent Dependent
(a) 9 (b) 7 (c) –7 (d) –27 Variance Not dependent Dependent
 Practice Exercise
ROUND I Topically Divided Problems
Mean (a) 2 n + 1 (b)
1
(2 n + 1)
2
1. If the sum of the deviations of 50 observations from 1 2n + 1
30 is 50, then the mean of these observations is (c) (2 n + 1) (d)
3 6
(JEE Main 2019)
(a) 50 (b) 30 (c) 51 (d) 31 9. If the mean of the set of numbers x1, x2 , . . . , xn is x,
2. The AM of n numbers of a series is x. If the sum of then the mean of the numbers xi + 2 i, 1 £ i £ n is
first ( n - 1) terms is k, then the nth number is (a) x + 2n (b) x + n + 1
(a) x - k (b) nx - k (c) x - nk (d) nx - nk (c) x + 2 (d) x + n

3. The mean of the series x1, x2 , . . . , xn is x. If x 2 is 10. The mean of a set of observations is x. If each
observation is divided by, a ¹ 0 and then is
replaced by l, then the new mean is
x - x2 - l
increased by 10, then the mean of the new set is
(a) x - x 2 + l (b) x x + 10 x + 10 a
n (a) (b) (c) (d) a x + 10
a a a
(n - 1)x + l nx - x 2 + l
(c) (d) 11. The mean of n observations is x. If one observation
n n
xn + 1 is added, then the mean remains same. The
4. Consider three observations a, b and c such that value of xn + 1 is
b = a + c. If the standard deviation of a + 2 , b + 2 ,
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) n (d) x
c + 2 is d, then which of the following is true?
(JEE Main 2021) 12. In a class of 100 students, the average amount
(a) b2 = 3 (a 2 + c2) + 9d 2 (b) b2 = a 2 + c2 + 3d 2 of pocket money is ` 35 per student. If the average
(c) b2 = 3 (a 2 + c2 + d 2) (d) b2 = 3 (a 2 + c2) - 9d 2 is ` 25 for girls and ` 50 for boys, then the number
5. If the average of the numbers 148, 146, 144, 142, ... of girls in the class is
in AP, be 125, then the total numbers in the series (a) 20 (b) 40 (c) 60 (d) 80
will be 13. If the sum of deviations of a number of observations
(a) 18 (b) 24 (c) 30 (d) 48 about 4 is 30 and that about 3 is 40. Then, mean of
6. The mean of n items is x. If the first term is increased the observations is
by 1, second by 2 and so on, then the new mean is (a) 7 (b) 10
n (c) 11 (d) None of these
(a) x + n (b) x +
2 14. If a variate x is expressed as a linear function of
n+1
(c) x + (d) None of these two variates u and v in the form x = au + bv, then
2
mean x of x is
7. If the mean of n observations 12 , 2 2 , 32 , . . . , n2 is (a) au + bv (b) u + v
46 n (c) b u + a v (d) None of these
, then n is equal to
11
15. The average salary of male employees in a firm was
(a) 11 (b) 12 (c) 23 (d) 22
` 520 and that of females was ` 420. The mean
8. The weighted AM of first n natural numbers whose salary of all the employees was ` 500. The
weights are equal to the corresponding numbers is percentage of male employees is
equal to (a) 80% (b) 60% (c) 40% (d) 20%
498 JEE Main Mathematics

16. The AM of n observations is M. If the sum of ( n - 4) 24. Geometric mean of first group of 5 observations is 8
observations is a , then the mean of remaining four and that of second group of 4 observations is
observations is 128 2. Then, grouped geometric mean is
nM - a nM + a nM - a (a) 64 (b) 32 2 (c) 32 (d) None of these
(a) (b) (c) (d) nM + a
4 2 2
2n + 1 2n + 1 2n + 1 2n + 1
Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation
17. The AM of C0 , C1, C2 , . . . , Cn is
and Variance
2n 2n 2 2n 2 2n
(a) (b) (c) (d) 25. Following are the marks obtained by 9 students in
n n+1 n (n + 1)
a Mathematics test 50, 69, 20, 33, 53, 39, 40, 65, 59
18. If a variable takes values 0, 1, 2, …, n with The mean deviation from the median is
n n -1 n( n - 1) n - 2 2
frequencies qn , q p, q p , . . . p n, (a) 9 (b) 10.5 (c) 12.67 (d) 14.76
1 1× 2
where p + q = 1, then the mean is 26. Let in a series of 2n observations, half of them are
equal to a and remaining half are equal to - a.
(a) np (b) nq
(c) n ( p + q) (d) None of these Also, by adding a constant b in each of these
observations, the mean and standard deviation of
Geometric and Harmonic Mean new set become 5 and 20, respectively, then the
value of a 2 + b2 is equal to (JEE Main 2021)
19. Let G1 and G2 be the … geometric means of two …
(a) 425 (b) 650 (c) 250 (d) 925
series x1, x 2 , … , x n ; y1, y2 , . . . , yn . If G is the
x 27. The mean and variance of 20 observations are
geometric mean of i , i = 1, 2 , . . . , n. Then, G is found to be 10 and 4, respectively. On rechecking,
yi
it was found that an observation 9 was incorrect
equal to
and the correct observation was 11. Then, the
log G1 G1 æG ö
(a) G1 - G 2 (b) (c) (d) log ç 1 ÷ correct variance is (JEE Main 2020)
log G2 G2 è G2 ø
(a) 4.01 (b) 3.99 (c) 3.98 (d) 4.02
20. If the observations 2, 4, 8 and 16 occur 8, 6, 4 and 28. Let xi (1 £ i £ 10) be ten observations of a random
2 times respectively, then the geometric mean of 10 10
variable X. If S ( xi - p) = 3 and S ( xi - p) 2 = 9 p
the observations is i =1 i =1
(a) 8 (b) 4 2 where 0 ¹ p Î R, then the standard deviation of
(c) 4 (d) None of these
these observation is (JEE Main 2020)
5 9 3 7 4
21. If harmonic mean of first 5 observations is and (a) (b) (c) (d)
2 10 5 10 5
9
harmonic mean of another 5 observations is , then
2 29. If the mean and the standard deviation of the data
harmonic mean of all 10 observations is 3, 5, 7, a, b are 5 and 2 respectively, then a and b are
45 the roots of the equation (JEE Main 2020)
(a) 7 (b)
14 (a) x2 - 10x + 18 = 0 (b) 2x2 - 20x + 19 = 0
101 (c) x2 - 10x + 19 = 0 (d) x2 - 20x + 18 = 0
(c) (d) None of these
36
30. The mean and the standard deviation (s.d.) of 10
22. Geometric mean of 10 observations is 8. observations are 20 and 2 respectively. Each of
If geometric mean of first six observations is 4, these 10 observations is multiplied by p and then
then geometric mean of last four observations is reduced by q,where p ¹ 0 and q ¹ 0. If the new mean
(a) 16 2 (b) 8 2 and new s.d. become half of their original values,
(c) 16 (d) None of these then q is equal to (JEE Main 2020)

23. Two possible observations have arithmetic mean 3 (a) 10 (b) - 10 (c) - 5 (d) - 20
and geometric mean 2 2. If each observation is aX + b
31. If SD of X is S, then SD of the variable m = ,
multiplied by 2, then harmonic mean will be c
16 8 where a , b and c are constants, is
(a) (b) c a b c2
3 3 (a) s (b) s (c) s (d) s
(c) 12 (d) None of these a c c a2
Statistics 499

32. Let x1, x2 , . . . , xn be n observations. Let wi = lxi + k 41. The mean of the data set comprising of 16
for i = 1, 2, . . . , n, where l and k are constants. If the observations is 16. If one of the observation valued
mean of xi ’s is 48 and their standard deviation is 16 is deleted and three new observations valued 3,
12, the mean of wi ’s is 55 and standard deviation of 4 and 5 are added to the data, then the mean of the
wi ’s is 15, the values of l and k should be resultant data is (JEE Main 2015)
(a) l = 1.25, k = - 5 (b) l = - 1.25, k = 5 (a) 16.8 (b) 16.0
(c) l = 2.5, k = - 5 (d) l = 2.5, k = 5 (c) 15.8 (d) 14.0
9 9
33. Consider the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
If 1 is added to each number, then variance of the
42. If å (xi - 5) = 9 and å (xi - 5) 2 = 45, then the
i =1 i =1
numbers so obtained is standard deviation of the 9 items x1, x2 , ¼ , x9 is
(a) 6.5 (b) 2.87 (c) 3.87 (d) 8.25 (JEE Main 2018)
34. Let the observations xi (1 £ i £ 10) satisfy the (a) 9 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 3
10 10 49
43. The variance of the numbers 2, 3, 11 and x is .
equations, å ( xi - 5) = 10 and å ( xi - 5) 2 = 40. 4
i =1 i =1
Find the value of x.
If m and l are the mean and the variance of the 14 14
(a) 6, (b) 6,
observations, x1 - 3, x2 - 3, . . . . . , x10 - 3, then the 3 5
ordered pair (m, l) is equal to (JEE Main 2020) 16
(c) 6, (d) None of these
(a) (6, 3) (b) (3, 6) (c) (3, 3) (d) (6, 6) 3

35. If the standard deviation of the numbers -1, 0, 1, k 44. Mean and standard deviation of 100 observations
is 5 where k > 0, then k is equal to (JEE Main 2019) were found to be 40 and 10, respectively. If at the
10 5
time of calculation two observations were wrongly
(a) 2 (b) 2 6 (c) 4 (d) 6 taken as 30 and 70 in place of 3 and 27,
3 3
respectively, find the correct standard deviation.
36. The mean of five observations is 5 and their (a) 10.20 (b) 10.24
variance is 9.20. If three of the given five (c) 10.29 (d) 10.27
observations are 1, 3 and 8, then a ratio of other
45. The mean and the variance of five observations are
two observations is (JEE Main 2019)
4 and 5.20, respectively. If three of the observations
(a) 4 : 9 (b) 6 : 7 (c) 10 : 3 (d) 5 : 8
are 3, 4 and 4, then the absolute value of the
37. Coefficient of variation of two distributions are difference of the other two observations, is
50 and 60 and their arithmetic means are 30 and (JEE Main 2019)
25 respectively. Difference of their standard (a) 1 (b) 7 (c) 5 (d) 3
deviation is 46. The outcome of each of 30 items was observed 10
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 1.5 (d) 2.5 1
items gave an outcome - d each, 10 items gave
2
38. If for a distribution S( x - 5) = 3, S( x - 5) = 43 and 2
1
the total number of items is 18, find the mean and outcome each and the remaining 10 items gave
2
standard deviation. 1
(a) 94, 1.53 (b) 93, 1.53 outcome + d each. If the variance of this outcome
2
(c) 93, 1.55 (d) None of these 4
data is , then|d|equals (JEE Main 2019)
39. The mean and variance of n values of a variable x 3
are 0 and s 2 , respectively. If the variable y = x 2 , 2 5
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) 2
then mean of y is 3 2
(a) s (b) s 2 47. The mean life of a sample of 60 bulbs was 650 h
(c) 1 (d) None of these and the standard deviation was 8 h. A second
sample of 80 bulbs has a mean life of 660 h and
40. If the standard deviation of the numbers 2, 3, a and
standard deviation 7 h. Find the over all standard
11 is 3.5, then which of the following is true?
(JEE Main 2016) deviation.
(a) 3a 2 - 26a + 55 = 0 (b) 3a 2 - 32a + 84 = 0 (a) 8.97 (b) 8.98
(c) 3a 2 - 34a + 91 = 0 (d) 3a 2 - 23a + 44 = 0 (c) 8.94 (d) None of these
500 JEE Main Mathematics

ROUND II Mixed Bag

Only One Correct Option 9. The first of two samples has 100 items with mean
1. The mean and variance of 7 observations are 8 and 15 and SD = 3. If the whole group has 250 items
16, respectively. If five observations are 2, 4, 10, 12, with mean 15.6 and SD = 13. 44 , the SD of the
14, then the absolute difference of the remaining second group is
two observations is (JEE Main 2020) (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 3.52
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 2 10. If the data x1, x2 , ¼ , x10 is such that the mean of
2. For the frequency distribution Variate ( x) : x1 x2 first four of these is 11, the mean of the remaining
x3K x15 Frequency ( f ) : f1 f2 f3K f15 where six is 16 and the sum of squares of all of these is
15 2000, then the standard deviation of this data is
0 < x1 < x2 < x3 < K < x15 = 10 and S fi > 0, the (JEE Main 2019)
i =1
(a) 2 2 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 2
standard deviation cannot be (JEE Main 2020)
11. 5 students of a class have an average height 150 cm
(a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 6 (d) 2
and variance 18 cm 2 . A new student, whose height
3. The mean and variance of seven observations are 8 is 156 cm, joined them. The variance (in cm 2 ) of the
and 16, respectively. If 5 of the observations are 2, height of these six students is(JEE Main 2019, 9 January)
4, 10, 12, 14, then the product of the remaining two (a) 16 (b) 22 (c) 20 (d) 18
observations is (JEE Main 2019)
12. In a group of data, there are n observations,
(a) 45 (b) 49 (c) 48 (d) 40 n n
x, x2 , . . . . , xn . If S ( xi + 1) 2 = 9 n and S ( xi - 1) 2 = 5 n,
4. The marks of some students were listed out of 75. i =1 i =1

The SD of marks was found to be 9. Subsequently the the standard deviation of the data is (JEE Main 2019)
marks were raised to a maximum of 100 and (a) 2 (b) 7 (c) 5 (d) 5
variance of new marks was calculated. The new 13. If mean and standard deviation of 5 observations
variance is x1, x2 , x3, x4 , x5 are 10 and 3, respectively, then the
(a) 81 (b) 122 variance of 6 observations x1, x2 , . . . . . x5 and - 50 is
(c) 144 (d) None of these equal to (JEE Main 2019)
5. A batsman scores sums in 10 innings 38, 70, 48, 34, (a) 507.5 (b) 586.5
42, 55, 46, 63, 54 and 44, then the deviation from (c) 582.5 (d) 509.5
median is 14. There are 60 students in a class. The following is
(a) 8.6 (b) 6.4 (c) 9.6 (d) 10.6
the frequency distribution of the marks obtained by
18 18
the students in a test
6. If å ( xi - 8) = 9 and å ( xi - 8) 2
= 45, then the
i =1 i =1 Marks 0 1 2 3 4 5
standard deviation of x1, x2 , . . . , x18 is Frequency x-2 x x2 ( x + 1)2 2x x+1
4 9
(a) (b) where, x is a positive integer. Find the mean and
9 4
standard deviation of the marks.
3
(c) (d) None of these (a) 2.9, 1.14 (b) 2.8, 1.12
2
(c) 2.8, 1.18 (d) None of these
7. If the standard deviation of x1, x2 , . . . , xn is 3.5, then
15. If the mean deviations about the median of the
the standard deviation of - 2 x1 - 3, - 2 x2 - 3, . . . ,
numbers a, 2 a, . . . , 5 a is 50, then|a |is equal to
- 2 xn - 3 is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 2
(a) -7 (b) -4 (c) 7 (d) 1.75
8. The mean deviation from mean of the observation 16. For two data sets, each of size 5, the variance are
a, a + d, a + 2 d, . . . , a + 2 nd is given to be 4 and 5 and the corresponding means
2 are given to be 2 and 4, respectively. The variance
n (n + 1)d n (n + 1) 2
(a) (b) d of the combined data set is
3 2
5 11 13
n (n + 1)d 2 (a) (b) (c) 6 (d)
(c) a + (d) None of these 2 2 2
2
Statistics 501

n
17. If the mean deviation of number C0 , nC1, n C2 , . . . . , nCn respectively. If the mean of
1, 1 + d, 1 + 2 d, . . . , 1 + 100 d from their mean is 255, 728
this data is n , then n is equal to (JEE Main 2020)
then the d is equal to 2
(a) 10.0 (b) 20.0 21. If the variance of the terms in an increasing AP,
(c) 10.1 (d) 20.2
b1, b2 , b3, ……, b11 is 90, then the common difference
18. The mean of the numbers a, b, 8, 5 and 10 is 6 and of this AP is ……… . (JEE Main 2020)

the variance is 6.80. Then, which one of the 22. If the variance of 10 natural numbers 1, 1, 1, ..., 1, k
following gives possible values of a and b? is less than 10, then the maximum possible value of
(a) a = 3, b = 4 (b) a = 0, b = 7 k is (JEE Main 2021)
(c) a = 5, b = 2 (d) a = 1, b = 6
19. The average marks of boys in a class is 52 and that 23. If the mean and variance of eight numbers 3, 7, 9,
of girls is 42. The average marks of boys and girls 12, 13, 20, x and y be 10 and 25 respectively, then
combined is 50. The percentage of boys in the class is x × y is equal to …… . (JEE Main 2020)

(a) 40% (b) 20% 24. Let X1, X 2 , . . . . . . X18 be eighteen observation such
(c) 80% (d) 60% 18 18
that å ( X i - a ) = 36 and å ( X i - b) 2 = 90, where
Numerical Value Type Questions i =1 i =1

20. Consider the data on x taking the values 0, 2, 4, 8, a and b are distinct real numbers. If the standard
……, 2 n with frequencies n C0 , nC1, n C2 , . . . . , nCn deviation of these observations is 1, then the value
of|a - b|is (JEE Main 2021)

Answers
Round I
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (c)
11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (a) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (c)
21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (c) 25. (c) 26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (d)
31. (b) 32. (a) 33. (d) 34. (c) 35. (b) 36. (a) 37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (b) 40. (b)
41. (d) 42. (c) 43. (a) 44. (b) 45. (b) 46. (c) 47. (c)

Round II
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (c) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (6)
21. (3) 22. (11) 23. (54) 24. (4)
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 Solutions
Round I 5. Given series is 148, 146, 144, 142, ... whose first term
1. Let the 50 observations are x1 , x2, x3 , ... , x50. and common difference is
a = 148, d = (146 - 148) = - 2
Now, deviations of these observations from 30 are
n
(x1 - 30), (x2 - 30), (x3 - 30), ... , (x50 - 30) S n = [2a + (n - 1 ) d ] = 125n (given)
50 2
Q å (xi - 30) = 50 (given)
Þ
n
125n = [2 ´ 148 + (n - 1 ) ´ (- 2)]
i =1 2
50
Þ n 2 - 24n = 0
Þ å xi - (30 ´ 50) = 50 Þ n (n - 24) = 0 Þ n = 24 (n ¹ 0)
i =1
50
6. Let x1 , x2, . . . xn be the n items.
Þ å xi = 50(30 + 1) = 50 ´ 31 x1 + x2 + . . . + xn
i =1
50
Given, x= …(i)
n
å xi (x + 1 ) + (x2 + 2) + . . . + (xn + n )
\ Mean of 50 observations = (x ) =
i =1
= 31 \ New mean = 1
50 n
(x1 + x2 + . . . + xn ) + (1 + 2 + . . . + n )
2. Let the n numbers be x1 , x2, . . . , xn. Then, =
n
1 n n (n + 1 )
x=å xi
n i=1
=x+
2n
[Q from Eq. (i)]

x + x2 + . . . + xn-1 + xn (n + 1 )
Þ x= 1 =x+
n 2
k + xn 7. According to the given condition,
Þ x= (Q x1 + x2 + . . . + xn-1 = k)
n 12 + 22 + 32 + . . . + n 2 46n
\ xn = nx - k =
n 11
x1 + x2 + . . . + xn-1 + xn n (n + 1 )(2n + 1 ) 46n
3. We have, x = Þ =
n 6n 11
Þ nx = x1 + x2 . . . + xn-1 + xn
Þ 11 (2n 2 + 3n + 1 ) = 276n
Let y be the new mean when x2 is replaced by l. Then,
Þ 22n 2 - 243n + 11 = 0
x + l + x3 + . . . + xn-1 + xn
y= 1 Þ (n - 11 )(22n - 1 ) = 0
n
(x1 + x2 + . . . + xn ) - x2 + l Þ n = 11
Þ y=
n 8. The required mean is
nx - x2 + l 1 × 1 + 2 × 2 + 3 × 3 + ... + n × n
\ y= X =
n 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n
4. For a , b, c (2 n + 1 )
n (n + 1 )
a+ b+ c S n2 6
Mean = = =
Sn n (n + 1 )
3
2
Þ b=a+ c
2n + 1
2b =
Þ x= 3
3 n
1
SD (a + 2, b + 2, c + 2) = SD (a , b, c) = d 9. x =
n
å xi
i=1
a 2 + b2 + c2
Þ d2 = - ( x )2 n
3 Þ å x i = nx
i=1
2 a 2 + b2 + c2 4b2
Þ d = - 1 n
1 n
2(1 + 2 + . . . + n )
3 9 Let M =
n
å (xi + 2i ) =
n
å xi +
n
i=1 i=1
Þ 9d 2 = 3a 2 + 3b2 + 3c2 - 4b2
1 n (n + 1 )
Þ 9d 2 = 3a 2 - b2 + 3c2 Þ M = nx + 2
n 2n
\ b2 = 3 (a 2 + c2) - 9d 2
\ M = x + (n + 1 )
Statistics 503

10. Let x1 , x2, x3 , ... xn be n observations. Then, Hence, the percentage of male employees in the firm
1 n æ 4 ö
x= å xi =ç ÷ ´ 100 = 80%
n i =1 è4 + 1ø

1 n
æ xi ö 16. Let x1 , x2, ... , xn be n observations.
\ New mean, X =
n
å çè a + 10÷
ø x1 + x2 + x3 + ... + xn
i =1 \ M=
n
1 æ1 n ö 1
= ç å x i ÷ + × (10n ) x1 + x2 + ... + xn - 4 + xn - 3 + xn - 2 + xn - 1 + xn
a çn ÷ =
è i =1 ø n n
1 x + 10 a Þ nM = a + xn - 3 + xn - 2 + xn - 1 + xn
= x + 10 =
a a nM - a xn - 3 + xn - 2 + xn - 1 + xn
Þ =
4 4
11. Let x1 , x2, x3 , ... , xn be n observations.
2n + 1 2n + 1 2n + 1 2n + 1 2n + 1
S xi 17. C0 + C1 + C 2 + ... + C 2n + C 2n + 1
\ x= …(i) 2n + 1
n =2
S xi + xn + 1 Now, 2n + 1
C0 = 2n + 1
C 2n + 1 ,
New mean = 2n + 1 2n + 1 2n + 1 2n + 1
n+1 C1 = C 2n ... Cr = C 2n - r + 1
S x i + xn + 1 So, sum of first (n + 1 ) terms
According to the question, x =
n+1 = sum of last (n + 1 ) terms
2n + 1 2n + 1 2n + 1 2n + 1
Þ (n + 1 ) x = nx + xn + 1 Þ xn + 1 = x Þ C0 + C1 + C 2 + ... + C n = 22n
2n + 1 2n + 1
12. Let the number of girls in the class = y C0 + C1 + 2n + 1C 2 + ... + 2n + 1
Cn 22n
Þ =
n+1 (n + 1 )
\ Number of boys in the class = 100 - y
Now, x1 = 25, n1 = y, x2 = 50, n2 = 100 - y 18. Required mean,
and x = 35, n1 + n2 = 100 n n-1 n (n - 1 ) n- 2 2
0 × qn + 1 ×
q p + 2× q p + . . . + n × pn
25 ´ y + 50 ´ (100 - y) Þx = 1 2 !
\ 35 = n n (n - 1 ) n- 2 2
100 qn + qn-1 p + q p + . . . + pn
1 2!
Þ 3500 = 25 y + 5000 - 50 y
0 × nC qn p0 + 1 × nC1qn-1 p + . . . + n × nC nq0 pn
Þ 25 y = 1500 Þ y = 60 Þx = n 0 n 0 n
C 0q p + C1qn-1 p1 + . . . + nC nqn- n pn
\ Number of girls in the class = 60
n n
n
å r × nC rqn- r pr å n-1
C r-1qn- r p × pr-1
n
r×
13. Given that, å (x i - 4) = 30
Þx = r= 0
= r= 0 r
i=1 n n
n
å n
C rq n- r r
p å n
C rqn- r pr
and å (x i - 3) = 40 r=0 r=0
i=1
é n ù
i.e., Sx i - 4n = 30 …(i) npê å n-1
C r-1 pr-1q( n-1) - ( r-1) ú
and Sx i - 3n = 40 …(ii) êë r = 1 úû
Þx = n
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get S nC rqn-r pr
r= 0
n = 10 and Sx i = 70
n-1
n np(q + p)
S xi Þx =
i =1 1 (q + p)n
\ Mean = = (70) = 7
n 10 \ x = np (Q q + p = 1 )
14. Since, x = au + bv 19. Given, G1 = (x1 × x2 . . . xn ) 1/ n
and G2 = ( y1 × y2 . . . yn )1/ n
\ Sx = aSu + bSv 1/ n
æx x x ö (x1 × x2 . . . xn )1/ n G1
Þ nx = a (nu ) + b(nv ) \ G = ç 1 . 2 ... n ÷ = =
è y1 y2 yn ø ( y1 × y2 . . . yn )1/ n G2
Þ x = au + bv
15. Since, x1 = 520, x2 = 420 and x = 500 20. Q We know that,
n1 x1 + n2x2 Geometric mean = n x1 ´ x2 ´ . . . ´ xn
Also, we know x=
n1 + n2 = 20 28 ´ 46 ´ 84 ´ 162
Þ 500(n1 + n2) = 520n1 + 420n2 = 20 28 ´ 212 ´ 212 ´ 28
Þ 20n1 = 80n2 40

Þ n1 : n2 = 4 : 1 = 20 240 = 2 20 = 22 = 4
504 JEE Main Mathematics

21. Let H 1 and n1 are the harmonic mean and number of 26. Let observations are denoted by xi for
observations of first group and H 2 and n2 are the
1 £ i £ 2n
harmonic mean and number of observations of another
S xi (a + a + K + a ) - (a + a + K + a )
group. x= = =0
2n 2n
\By using combined harmonic mean formula, we get
n + n2 5+5 S x2
Combined harmonic mean = 1 = and s 2x = i - (x )2
n1 n2 5 5 2n
+ +
H1 H 2 5 9 a2 + a2 + K + a2
= -0
2 2 2n
10 90 45 = a2
= = =
28 28 14
sx = a
9
Now, adding a constant b, then
22. We are given, here geometric mean of 10 observations is
y = x + b =5
8 and geometric mean of first six observations is 4, then
we have to find the geometric mean of last four
observations. Let G be the GM of last four observations. b =5
\By using grouped geometric mean, and s y = s x (No change in SD)
i.e., 810 = 46 ´ G 4 Þ a = 20
810 230 Þ a 2 + b2 = (20)2 + 52
Þ G 4 = 6 = 12 = 218
4 2 = 425
Þ G = 218/ 4 = 24 2 = 16 2
27. Let the observations are x1 , x2, x3 , …, x20, then mean
23. Since, we know that
= 10
(GM)2 = AM ´ HM
x1 + x2 + x3 + ¼ + x20
(2 2 )2 = 3 ´ HM Þ = 10
8 20
Þ HM =
3 Þ x1 + x2 + x3 + ¼ + x20 = 200 …(i)
Also, given here that, if each observation is multiplied and, variance = 4
by 2, then 2
8 16 x2 + x22 + x32 + ¼ + x20
2
æ x + x2 + x3 + ¼ + x20 ö
HM = ´ 2 = Þ 1 -ç 1 ÷ =4
3 3 20 è 20 ø
24. Suppose that, G1 is the GM of first 5 observations = 8 x12 + x22 + x32 + ¼ + x20
2
Þ - 100 = 4
and G2 is the GM of last 4 observations = 128 2 20
Also, let G be the grouped mean Þ x12 + x22 + x32 + ¼ + x20
2
= 2080 …(ii)
= 9 (G1n1 ´ G2n2 ) = 9 (G1n1 ´ G2n2 ) = (G15 ´ G24 )1/ 9 Let observation x1 = 9 was incorrect and its correct
1/ 9
value was 11.
é æ 7+ 1ö ù
4
x + x2 + x3 + ¼ + x20 - 9 + 11
5
= [8 ´ (128 2 ) ] 4 1/ 9
= ê (23 )5 ´ ç2 2 ÷ ú So, mean is x = 1
ê ç ÷ ú 20
è ø
ë û 200 - 9 + 11
45
= [from Eq. (i)]
20
= (215 ´ 230 )1/ 9 = 2 9 = 25 = 32 202
=
25. Firstly, given marks are arranged in ascending order 20
20, 33, 39, 40, 50, 53, 59, 65, 69 and variance is
æ9 + 1ö x2 + x22 + x32 + ¼ + x20
2
- 92 + 112 æ 202 ö
2
\ Median, M d = ç ÷ th term = 5th term = 50 s= 1 -ç ÷
è 2 ø 20 è 20 ø
9 2
å |xi - M d | =
2080 - 81 + 121 æ 202 ö
-ç ÷ [from Eq. (ii)]
i =1 20 è 20 ø
\Mean deviation, MD =
n 2
2120 æ 202 ö 2120 ´ 20 - (202)2
|20 - 50| + |33 - 50| + |39 - 50| + |40 - 50| + |50 = -ç ÷ =
20 è 20 ø (20)2
- 50| + |53 - 50| + |59 - 50| + |65 - 50| + |69 - 50|
= 42400 - 40804
9 =
30 + 17 + 11 + 10 + 0 + 3 + 9 + 15 + 19 400
= 1596
9 = = 3.99
114 400
= = 12.67
9 Hence, option (b) is correct.
Statistics 505

28. It is given, there are ten observations, 31. We know that,

10 10 var (aX + b) = a 2 var (X )
and å (xi - p) = 3 and å (xi - p)2 = 9, 0 ¹ p Î R. 2
a2 2
i =1 i =1 æ aX + b ö æ a ö
\ var ç ÷ = ç ÷ var (X ) = 2 s
è c ø è cø c
So, the standard deviation
10 æ 10 ö
2 æ aX + b ö a
\ SD = var ç ÷= s
å (xi - p)2 ç å (xi - p) ÷ è c ø c
i =1 çi =1 ÷
SD = Var (x) = -ç ÷
10 10 32. Given, wi = lx i + k
ç ÷
ç ÷
è ø M (xi ) = x = 48, s (x i ) = 12
2 M (w ) = 55 and s (w) = 15
9 æ3ö 9
= -ç ÷ = M (wi ) = lM (x i ) + M (k)
10 è 10 ø 10
55 = l ´ 48 + k …(i)
Hence, option (a) is correct.
and s (wi ) = ls (xi ) + s (k)
29. Given data 3, 5, 7, a, b having mean = S Þ 15 = l(12) + 0
3+5+ 7+ a + b 15
Þ =5 Þ l= = 1.25
5 12
Þ 15 + a + b = 25 \From Eq. (i), 55 = 1.25 ´ 48 + k
Þ a + b = 10 …(i) Þ k = 55 - 60
2 2
9 + 25 + 49 + a + b \ k = -5
and SD = 2 Þ – 25 = 2
5 33. We know SD of first 10 natural number is 2.87.
Þ a 2 + b2 – 42 = 20 i.e., s = 2.87
Þ a 2 + b2 = 62 …(ii) Variance, s 2 = 8.24
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have We know that, variance is independent of change of
origin.
(a + b)2 – (a 2 + b2) 100 – 62
ab = = = 19 Hence, after adding 1 on each observation new variance
2 2
will same i.e., 8.25
\Equation of having roots a and b is
x2 – (a + b)x + ab = 0 34. For the observations xi (1 £ i £ 10), we have
10
Þ x2 – 10x + 19 = 0
å (xi - 5) = 10
i =1
30. Let the 10 observations are xi (for i = 1, 2, 3, …, 10) and
10
mean and standard deviation is x = 20 and s 1 = 2,
respectively. Now, it is given that each of these 10
Þ å xi - 50 = 10
i =1
observations is multiplied by ‘p’ and then reduced by q , 10
where p ¹ 0 and q ¹ 0, so then new mean Þ å xi = 60 … (i)
20 i =1
= p( x ) - q
2 10

Þ 10 = 20 p - q …(i)
and å (xi - 5)2 = 40
i =1
2
and new standard deviation =| p|s 1 10 10
2 Þ å xi2 - 10 å xi + 10(52) = 40
1 i =1 i =1
Þ | p| = 10
2
1
Þ å xi2 - 10(60) + 250 = 40, [from Eq. (i)]
Þ p=± i =1
2 10

Now, at p=
1 Þ å xi2 = 390 … (ii)
2 i =1
10 10
q =0 [from Eq. (i)]
1 å (xi - 3) å xi - 30
at p=- Now, mean m =
i =1
=
i =1
2 10 10
q = - 20 [from Eq. (i)] 60 - 30 30
= = =3
Hence, option (d) is correct. 10 10
506 JEE Main Mathematics

10
Dividing Eq. (iii) by Eq. (iv), we get
å (xi - 3)2 x2(1 + t )2 169
i =1
and variance l = - (m )2 =
10 x2(1 + t 2) 97
10 10
Þ 97(t 2 + 2t + 1) = 169 (1 + t 2)
å xi2 - 6 å xi + 10(32) 2
i =1 i =1 Þ (169 - 97) t - 194 t + (169 - 97) = 0
= -9
10 Þ 36 t 2 - 97 t + 36 = 0
390 - 6(60) + 90 - 90 30 Þ (4 t - 9) (9 t - 4) = 0
= = =3
10 10 9 4
Þ t = or t =
So, the ordered pair (m , l ) = (3, 3) 4 9
Hence, option (c) is correct. 37. Given, coefficient of variation, C1 = 50
35. Given observations are -1, 0, 1 and k. and coefficient of variation, C 2 = 60
Also, standard deviation of these four observations = 5 x1 = 30 and x2 = 25
2
2 2 2 2
(-1) + (0) + (1) + k æ -1 + 0 + 1 + k ö s
\ -ç ÷ = 5 Q C=
´ 100
4 è 4 ø x
s
[Q if x1 , x2.... xn are n observation, then standard \ 50 = 1 ´ 100
2ù
30
1 n 2 æ1 n ö ú s
deviation = S xi - ç S xi ÷ Þ s 1 = 15 and 60 = 2 ´ 100
n i=1 è n i=1 ø ú 25
û
Þ s 2 = 15
2 + k2 k2
Þ - =5 [squaring both sides] \Required difference, s 1 - s 2 = 15 - 15 = 0
4 16
8 + 4k2 - k2 8 + 3k2 38. Given, S(x - 5) = 3 and S(x - 5)2 = 43, n = 18
Þ =5 Þ =5 S(x - 5) 3 1
16 16 \ Mean = 5 + =5 + =5 +
Þ 2
8 + 3k = 80 Þ 3k = 72 2 18 18 6
2 31
Þ k = 24 Þ k = 2 6 or -2 6 = = 5.17
6
Þ k =2 6 [Q k > 0]
Now, S(x - 5)2 = 43
36. Let 1, 3, 8, x and y be the five observations. 2
Þ Sx - S10x + S25 = 43
Sx Þ Sx2 - 10{ S (x - 5 + 5)} + 18 ´ 25 = 43
Then, mean x = i
n Þ Sx2 - 10S (x - 5) - 10 S5 + 450 = 43
1+3+8+ x+ y
Þ x= =5 (given) Þ Sx2 - 10(3) - 10 ´ 18 ´ 5 + 450 = 43
5
Þ Sx2 - 30 - 900 + 450 = 43
Þ x + y = 25 - 12 = 13 Þ Sx2 = 523
Þ x + y = 13 …(i) and S(x - 5) = 3
2
S(xi. - x ) Þ Sx - 5S1 = 3
and variance = s 2 =
n Þ Sx = 3 + 5 ´ 18 = 93
é (1 - 5)2 + (3 - 5)2 + (8 - 5)2 ù 2 2
ê ú Sx2 æ Sx ö 523 æ 93 ö
Q s= -ç ÷ = -ç ÷
êë + (x - 5)2 + ( y - 5)2úû n è n ø 18 è 18 ø
= = 9.2 (given)
5
= 29.06 - (5.17)2
Þ 16 + 4 + 9 + (x2 - 10x + 25) + ( y2 - 10 y + 25) = 46
= 29.06 - 26.73
Þ x2 + y2 - 10(x + y) = 46 - 79
= 2.33 = 1.53
Þ x2 + y2 - 10 ´ 13 = - 33 (Q x + y = 13)
39. Given that, mean = 0 and variance = s 2 (for x)
Þ x2 + y2 = 97 …(ii)
2
y Sx2 æ Sx ö
Let = t Þ y = xt Therefore, variance = s 2 = -ç ÷
x n è nø
Putting y = xt in Eq. (i), we get Sx2 Sx2
Þ s2 = - 0 Þ s2 =
x(1 + t ) = 13 n n
Þ x2 (1 + t )2 = 169 …(iii) Now, y = x2
Putting y = xt in Eq. (ii), we get Þ Sy = Sx2
Sx2
x2(1 + t 2) = 97 … (iv) \ y= = s2
n
Statistics 507

2
40. We know that, if x1, x2, ..., xn are n observations, then Sx2 æ Sx ö
But we know that, variance = -ç ÷
their standard deviation is given by n è nø
2
1 æ Sx ö
2 134 + x2 æ 16 + x ö 49
Sxi2 - ç i ÷ Þ -ç ÷ = (given)
è n ø 4 è 4 ø 4
n
134 + x2 (256 + x2 + 32x) 49
(22 + 32 + a 2 + 112)
2 Þ - =
We have, (3.5) = 4 16 4
4
3x2 - 32x + 280 49
æ 2 + 3 + a + 11 ö
2
Þ =
-ç ÷ 16 4
è 4 ø 49
2
2
Þ 280 + 3x - 32x = ´ 16
49 4 + 9 + a 2 + 121 æ 16 + a ö 4
Þ = -ç ÷ 2
4 4 è 4 ø Þ 280 + 3x - 32x = 196
Þ 3x2 - 32x + 84 = 0
49 134 + a 2 256 + a 2 + 32a
Þ = - Þ (x - 6)(3x - 14) = 0
4 4 16 14
Þ x = 6, x =
49 4a 2 + 536 - 256 - a 2 - 32a 3
Þ =
4 16 14
Therefore, the values of x are 6 and .
Þ 49 ´ 4 = 3a 2 - 32a + 280 3
100 ´ 40 + 3 + 27 - 30 - 70
Þ 3a 2 - 32a + 84 = 0 44. \New mean, x =
100
x + x2 + x3 + ... + x16 4000 - 70 3930
41. Given, 1 = 16 = =
16 100 100
16
Þ å xi = 16 ´ 16 = 39.3
i=1 Q Sx = N (s 2 + x 2)
2

Sum of new observations \ = 100(100 + 1600)

18
= å yi = (16 ´ 16 - 16) + (3 + 4 + 5) = 252 = 170000
i=1 New, Sx2 = 170000 - (30)2 - (70)2 + (3)2 + (27)2
Number of observations = 18 = 170000 - 900 - 4900 + 9 + 729
18 = 164938
å yi 252 New Sx2
i=1
\ New mean = = = 14 \ New, SD = - (New x )2
18 18 N
42. (c) Key idea Standard deviation is remain unchanged, 164938
= - (39.3)2
if observations are added or subtracted by a fixed 100
number. = 1649.38 - 1544.49 = 104.89
9 9
We have, å (x1 - 5) = 9 and å (x1 - 5)2 = 45 = 10 . 24
i =1 i =1
45. Given mean x = 4
2
9 æ 9 ö variance s 2 = 5.20
å (x1 - 5)2 ç å (x1 - 5) ÷ and numbers of observation n = 5
i =1 çi =1 ÷
SD = -ç ÷
9
ç
9
÷ Let x1 = 3, x2 = 4, x3 = 4 and x4 , x5 be the five
ç ÷ observations
è ø
2 5

Þ SD =
45 æ 9 ö
-ç ÷ So, å xi = 5 × x = 5 ´ 4 = 20
9 è9ø i =1

Þ SD = 5 - 1 = 4 = 2 Þ x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 20
43. From given data, we make the following table Þ 3 + 4 + 4 + x4 + x5 = 20
x x2 Þ x4 + x5 = 9 …(i)
5
2
3
4
9
å xi2
2 i =1
11 121 Now, variance s = - ( x )2
5
x x2
Sx = 16 + x Sx2 = 134 + x2 x12 + x22 + x32 + x42 + x52
Þ - (4)2 = 5.20
5
508 JEE Main Mathematics

9 + 16 + 16 + x42 + x52 Round II

Þ = 16 + 5.20
5
1. Let remaining two observations are x and y,
Þ 41 + x42 + x52 = 5 ´ 21 .20 so the variance
Þ x42 + x52 = 106 - 41 22 + 42 + 102 + 122 + 142 + x2 + y2
= - 82
Þ x42 + x52 = 65 …(ii) 7
2
(x4 + x5 ) = x42 + x52 + 2x4x5 4 + 16 + 100 + 144 + 196 + x2 + y2
Q Þ - 64 = 16 [given]
7
\ 81 = 65 + 2x4x5 [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
Þ 460 + x2 + y2 - 448 = 112
Þ 16 = 2x4x5
Þ x2 + y2 = 100 …(i)
Þ x4x5 = 8 …(iii) 2 + 4 + 10 + 12 + 14 + x + y
And, mean = =8 [given]
Now, (|x4 - x5|)2 = x42 + x52 - 2x4x5 7
= 65 - 16 [from Eqs. (ii) and (iii)] Þ 42 + x + y = 56 Þ x + y = 14 …(ii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get remaining observations
= 49
as 6 and 8.
Þ |x4 - x5| = 7 \ Absolute difference of remaining observations = 2
Sx2
46. We know, s2 = - m2 2. If the variate varies from m to M, then variance,
n 2 2
æ M - mö æ 10 - 0 ö
æ1 ö
2
1 æ1 ö
2 var(x) £ ç ÷ Þ var(x) £ ç ÷
10 ç – d ÷ + 10 ´ + 10 ç + d ÷ è 2 ø è 2 ø
è2 ø 4 è2 ø
= Þ var(x) £ 25 Þ standard deviation Î (- 5, 5).
30
2 \So, clearly standard deviation cannot be 6.
æ æ1 ö 1 æ1 öö
ç 10 çè - d ÷ø + 10 ´ + 10 ç + d÷ ÷
è2 ø
Hence, option (c) is correct.
2 2
-ç ÷
3. Let the remaining two observations are a and b.
ç 30 ÷
ç ÷
è ø According to the question,
Sxi ù 2 + 4 + 10 + 12 + 14 + a + b
é Mean = =8
êëQ m = n úû 7
Þ 42 + a + b = 56
æ1 ö
20 ç + d 2÷ + 5 / 2 Þ a + b = 14 …(i)
è4 ø æ1ö
= -ç ÷ 2 2
a + b + 4 + 16 + 100 + 144 + 196
30 è4ø and variance = - 82
15 7
+ 20 d 2 = 16
2 1 1 2d 2 1 2 2
= - = + - = d
30 4 4 3 4 3 a 2 + b2 + 460
Þ - 64 = 16
2 2 4 7
\ d =
3 3 a 2 + b2 + 460
Þ = 80
Þ d 2 = 2 Þ |d| = 2 7
47. Given, n1 = 60, x1 = 650, s 1 = 8, Þ a 2 + b2 + 460 = 560
Þ a 2 + b2 = 100 …(ii)
n2 = 80, x2 = 660 , s 2 = 7
We know that,
n1s 12 + n2s 22 n1n2 (x1 - x2)2 (a + b)2 = (a 2 + b2) + 2ab
\ Combined SD = +
n1 + n2 (n1 + n2)2 Þ (14)2 = 100 + 2ab [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
Þ 196 = 100 + 2ab
60 ´ 64 + 80 ´ 49 60 ´ 80 (650 - 660)2
= + Þ 2ab = 96 Þ ab = 48
60 + 80 (60 + 80)2
4. Given, s = 9
3840 + 3920 (4800 ´ 100)
= + Let a student obtains x marks out of 75. Then, his marks
140 (140)2 out of
7760 480000 776 4800 4x 4
= + = + 100 are . Each observation is multiply by .
140 19600 14 196 3 3
4
\ New SD, s = ´ 9 = 12
= 55 . 42 + 24 . 49 3
= 79. 91 = 8.94 Hence, variance is s 2 = 144
Statistics 509

5. The ascending order of the given data are Þ x5 + x6 + x7 + x8 + x9 + x10 = 96 … (ii)

44 + 96 140
34, 38, 42 , 44, 46, 48, 54, 55 , 63, 70 So, mean of given 10 observations = = = 14
46 + 48 10 10
Hence, Median, M = = 47 Since, the sum of squares of all the observations = 2000
2
S|x i - M | S|x i - 47| \ x12 + x22 + x32 + K + x10
2
= 2000 … (iii)
\ Median deviation = = 2
n n Sxi2 æ Sxi ö
Now, s 2 = (standard deviation)2 = -ç ÷
13 + 9 + 5 + 3 + 1 + 1 + 7 + 8 + 16 + 23 10 è 10 ø
= = 8.6
10 2000
= - (14)2 = 200 - 196 = 4
6. Let di = xi - 8 10
2 So, s =2
1 æ1 ö
\ s 2x = s 2d = Sdi2 - ç Sdi ÷ 11. Let x1 , x2, x3 , x4 , x5 be the heights of five students.
18 è8 ø
2 Then, we have
1 æ9ö 5 1 9 3
= ´ 45 - ç ÷ = - = Þ s x = 5
18 è 18 ø 2 4 4 2 S xi 5
i =1
xi - A Mean, x= = 150 Þ S xi = 750 …(i)
7. If di = , then s x =|h|s d 5 i =1
h 5

xi +
3 S xi2
i =1
Now, -2 x i - 3 = 2 and variance = - ( x )2
1 n
- 5
2 S xi2
1 Þ
i =1
- (150)2 = 18
Here, h=-
2 5
5
1
\ sd = s x = 2 ´ 3.5 = 7 Þ S xi2 = 112590 …(ii)
|h| i =1
6
1 S xi
8. x = [a + (a + d ) + K + (a + 2nd )] i =1
2n + 1 Now, new mean =
1 6
= [(2n + 1)a + d (1 + 2 + ... + 2n )] 5
2n + 1 S xi + 156
i =1 750 + 156
æ 2n ö (2n + 1) = = [using Eq. (i)]
= ça + d ÷ = a + nd 6 6
è 2 ø 2n + 1
1 Þ xnew = 151
\ MD from mean = S|xi - x| 6
2n + 1 S xi2
i =1
1 and new variance = - (xnew )2
= 2|d|(1 + 2 + K + n ) 6
2n + 1 5
n (n + 1 )|d| S xi2 + (156)2
= i =1
(2n + 1 ) = - (151)2
6
n1 (s 12 + d12) + n2(s 22 + d22) 112590 + (156)2
9. We know, s 2 = = - (151)2
n1 + n2 6
[using Eq. (ii)]
where, d1 = m1 - a , d2 = m2 - a , a being the mean of the
whole group. = 22821 - 22801 = 20
n
100 ´ 15 + 150 ´ m2
\ 15.6 =
250
Þ m2 = 16 12. We have, å (xi + 1)2 = 9n ...(i)
i =1
é (100 ´ 9 + 150 ´ s 2) + ù n
ê 2 2
ê100 ´ (0.6) + 150 ´ (0.4) úû
ú and å (xi - 1)2 = 5n ...(ii)
Thus, 13.44 = ë Þs = 4 i =1
250
On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i) is, we get
10. Given 10 observations are x1 , x2, x3 , K , x10 n

x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
Þ å {(xi + 1)2 - (xi - 1)2} = 4n
\ = 11 i =1
4 n

Þ x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 44 … (i) n n å xi
i =1
and
x5 + x6 + x7 + x8 + x9 + x10
= 16
Þ å 4xi = 4n Þ å xi = n Þ
n
=1
6 i =1 i =1
510 JEE Main Mathematics

\ Mean (x ) = 1 Sfixi 168

Mean x = = = 2.8
n N 60
å (xi - x )2 Sfixi2 546
Now, standard deviation =
i =1 \ Variance s 2 = - ( x )2 = - (2.8)2
n N 60
n = 9.1 - 7.84 = 1.26 = 1.12
å (xi - 1)2 15. Median of a , 2a , 3a , 4a , ¼ , 50a is
25a + 26a
= ( 25.5 ) a
i =1 5n
= = = 5 2
n n 50

13. The mean of five observation, x = 10 (given)

S xi - median
i =1
Mean deviation about median =
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 n
Þ = 10
5 1
Þ 50 = × 0.5 + 1. 5 + 2 .5 + ¼ + 24 . 5)}
{2|a|(
Þ x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 50 …(i) 50
5 25 25
Þ 2500 = 2|a|× (2 ´ 0.5 + 24 ´ 1) = 2 a × (25)
å xi2 2 2
i =1
and standard deviation SD = - ( x )2 = 3 (given) Þ |a|= 4
5
5 16. Q s x2 = 4 and s y2 = 5
å xi2 5 Also, x = 2 and y = 4
i =1
Þ
5
- 100 = 9 Þ å xi2 = 5 ´ 109 Now,
Sxi
= 2 Þ Sxi = 10; Syi = 20
i =1
5
5
Þ å xi2 = 545 … (ii)
and
æ1 ö
s x2 = ç Sxi2÷ - (x )2
i =1 è5 ø
Now, variance of 6 observations x1 , x2, x3 , x4 , x5 and - 50, Þ Sxi2 = 5(4 + 4) Þ Sxi2 = 40
is equal to
æ1 ö
2 and s 2 y = ç Syi2÷ - ( y)2
5 æ 5 ö è5 ø
å xi2 + (- 50)2 ç å xi - 50 ÷
Syi2 = 5(5 + 16) Þ Syi2 = 105
i =1 çi =1 ÷ and
s2 = -ç ÷
6 6 2
ç ÷ 1 æ x + yö
ç ÷ Combined mean, s z2 = (Sxi2 + Syi2 - ç ÷
è ø 10 è 2 ø
2 1 145 - 90 55 11
545 + 2500 æ 50 - 50 ö = (40 + 105) - 9 = = =
= -ç ÷ [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)] 10 10 10 2
6 è 6 ø
n
=
3045
= 507.5 (a + l )
Sum of quantities 2
6 17. (x ) = =
n n
14. First find x as given total number of students is 60 1
= (1 + 1 + 100 d ) = 1 + 50 d
i.e. x - 2 + x + x2 + (x + 1)2 + 2x + x + 1 = 60 2
5x - 2 + x2 + x2 + 1 + 2x + 1 = 60
Þ
Þ 2x2 + 7x = 60
\ MD =
1
n
S|xi - x|
2 1
Þ 2x + 7x - 60 = 0 Þ 255 = (50 d + 49 d + 48 d + K + d
Þ 2x2 + 15x - 8x - 60 = 0 101
Þ x (2x + 15) - 4(2x + 15) = 0 + 0 + d + K + 50 d )
2 d æ 50 ´ 51 ö
Þ (2x + 15)(x - 4) = 0 = ç ÷
15 101 è 2 ø
Þ x=- ,x=4 255 ´ 101
2 Þ d= = 10.1
Þ x=4 (Q x is positive) 50 ´ 51

Marks ( xi ) Frequency (fi ) x2i fi xi fi x2i 18. According to the given condition,
é (6 - a ) 2 + (6 - b) 2 + (6 - 8) 2 ù
0 2 0 0 0
ê ú
1 4 1 4 4 ê + (6 - 5) 2 + (6 - 10) 2 + (6 - 6)2úû
2 16 4 32 64 6.80 = ë
5
3 25 9 75 225
Þ 34 = (6 - a ) 2 + (6 - b) 2 + 4 + 1 + 16
4 8 16 32 128
Þ (6 - a ) 2 + (6 - b) 2 = 13 = 9 + 4
5 5 25 25 125
Þ (6 - a ) 2 + (6 - b) 2 = 32 + 22
Total 60 168 546
Þ a = 3, b = 4
Statistics 511

2
19. Let the number of boys and girls be x and y. S X 2 æ S xö
22. s2 = -ç ÷
\ 52x + 42 y = 50(x + y) n è nø
2
Þ 52x + 42 y = 50x + 50 y (9 + k2) æ 9 + k ö
s2 = -ç ÷ < 10
Þ 2x = 8 y Þ x = 4 y 10 è 10 ø
\Total number of students in the class Þ (90 + k2) 10 - (81 + k2 + 18k) < 1000
= x + y = 4y + y = 5y Þ 90 + 10k2 - k2 - 18k - 81 < 1000
\ Required percentage of boys Þ 9k2 - 18k + 9 < 1000
æ4y ö 1000 10 10
=ç ´ 100÷% = 80% Þ (k - 1)2 < Þk -1 <
è5y ø 9 3
20. It is given that the data on ‘x’ taking the values 0, 2, 4, 8, 10 10
\ k< +1
..., 2n with frequencies n
C 0, n
C1, n
C 2, ..., n
Cn 3
respectively, Maximum integral value of k = 11
Sx f 23. Given eight numbers are 3, 7, 9, 12, 13, 20, x and y, then
so mean = i i
Sfi their mean
n
C0 (0) + nC1 (2) + nC2 (22 ) + nC3 (23 ) + K + nCn (2n ) x = 10 (given)
= n
C0 + nC1 + nC2 + K + nCn 3 + 7 + 9 + 12 + 13 + 20 + x + y
Þ = 10
C1 (2) + nC 2(22) + nC3 (23 ) + K + nC n (2n )
n 8
= Þ 64 + x + y = 80 Þ x + y = 16 …(i)
2n
and, variance = 25 (given)
Q (1 + x)n = nC 0 + nC1x + nC 2x2 + K + nC nxn 8
At x = 2, we get å (xi )2
i =1
3n = 1 + nC1 (2) + nC 2(22) + K + nC n (2n ) Þ - (x )2 = 25
8
Þ C1 (2) + C2 (2 ) + C3 (2 ) + K + Cn (2 ) = 3 - 1
n n 2 n 3 n n n
9 + 49 + 81 + 144 + 169 + 400 + x2 + y2
3n - 1 728 Þ - 100 = 25
\Mean = = n [given] 8
2n 2
Þ 852 + x2 + y2 = 1000 Þ x2 + y2 = 148
Þ 3n = 729 = 36 Þ n = 6
Þ (x + y)2 - 2xy = 148 [from Eq. (i)]
21. Let the AP is a, a + d, a + 2d, ..., a + 10 d. Þ 256 - 2xy = 148
According to the question, Þ 2xy = 256 - 148 = 108 Þ xy = 54
a 2 + (a + d )2 + (a + 2d )2 + ....+ (a + 10d )2 18
Var =
11
24. Given, å (Xi - a) = 36
i =1
2
é a + (a + d ) + ....+ (a + 10d ) ù 18 18
-ê
ë 11 úû Þ å xi - 18a = 36 Þ å xi = 18 (a + 2) …(i)
i =1 i =1
11a 2 + d 2 (12 + 22 + 32 + .... + 102) 18

+ 2ad (1 + 2 + K + 10) Also, å (Xi - b)2 = 90

= i =1
11
2 Þ S xi2 + 18b 2 - 2b S xi = 90
æ 11a + d (1 + 2 + 3 + .... + 10) ö
-ç ÷ Þ S xi + 18b 2 + 2b ´ 18 (a + 2) = 90
2
[using Eq. (i)]
è 11 ø
Þ S xi2 = 90 - 18 b 2 + 36 b (a + 2)
10 ´ 11 ´ 21 2 10 ´ 11 2
11a 2 + d + 2ad 1 æ Sx ö
= 6 2 \ s2 = 1 Þ S xi2 - ç i ÷ = 1 [Q s = 1, given]
18 è 18 ø
11
2
æ 10 ´ 11 ö
2 1 æ 18 (a + 2) ö
Þ (90 - 18b 2 + 36ab + 72b ) - ç ÷ =1
ç 11a + d÷
18 è 18 ø
-ç 2 ÷
ç 11 ÷ Þ 90 - 18 b 2 + 36ab + 72b - 18 (a + 2)2 = 18
è ø
Þ 5 - b 2 + 2ab + 4b - (a + 2)2 = 1
= a 2 + 35d 2 + 10ad - a 2 - 25d 2 - 10ad = 10d 2 Þ 5 - b 2 + 2ab + 4b - a 2 - 4 - 4a = 1
Q Var = 90 [given] Þ - a 2 - b 2 + 2ab + 4b - 4a = 0
\ 10d 2 = 90 Þ d = ± 3 Þ (a - b ) (a - b + 4) = 0
Q AP is an increasing AP, so d = 3. Þ a -b = -4
Hence, answer is 3.00. \ |a - b| = 4 [Q a ¹ b ]