2

shfn¸mSns\ Ipdn¨v
\n§Ä Adntb­W
Ggv hkv XpXIÄ
shfn¸mSv ]pkvXI ]T\¯n\v c�p kao]\§fn GsX¦nepw
H¶v \n§Ä¡v FSp¡mw: (1) \½psS ]T\w t\cn«p thZ`mK§fnte¡v
XncnªpsIm�mImw. ]ns¶ ]pkvXIs¯ Ipdn¨v \n§Ä Adntb�Xp
t]mIt¸msI Rm³ ]dbmw. (2) \n§Ä Adntb�Xmb [mcmfw
Imcy§Ä Bcw`¯n Xs¶ F\n¡v ]dbphm³ Ignbpw. ]ns¶,
thZ`mKw ]Tn¡pt¼mÄ, \n§Ä hfsc Imcy§Ä a\knem¡pIbpw
A\ptamZn¡bpw sN¿pw. c�p kao]\§Ä¡pw KpWhpw tZmjhpap�v,
F¶m \n§fpsS shfn¸mSv ]T\w IgnhXpw henb Ipg¸ þ anÃmsX
sIm�pt]mIphm³ Rm³ B{Kln¡p¶XpsIm�v, c�mas¯ kao]\
amWv FSp¯ncn¡p¶Xv.
Cu ]c¼cbnse BZys¯ Bdp ]mT§fnÂ, shfn¸mSv ]pkvXIw
a\knem¡phm\pÅ hnhc§Ä Rm³ \n§Ä¡v \ÂIpw. Cu
AhXcW¯nÂ, ]Ým¯ecq]¯n \n§Ä Adnªncnt¡� Ggp
hkvXpXIÄ Rm³ \n§Ä¡v \ÂIp¶XmWv.

1. AXnsâ teJI³
Fsâ I¿nepÅ sIsPhnbpsS ]IÀ¸n XehmNIambn ""Z
sdshtej³ Hm^v skâ v. tPm¬ Z Unssh³''1 F¶mWv. F§s\
bmbmepw, ]pkvXI¯nse BZy hm¡pIÄ kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv shfn¸mSv
]pkv X I hmeyw tbml¶mtâXÃ, adn¨v ""tbip{Inkv X phnsâ
shfn¸mSmWv.'' tbml¶m³ tbip{InkvXphnsâ shdpw km£nbpw
sk{I«dnbpambncp¶p: ""... [tbip] Xsâ ZqX³ apJm´cw Ab¨p Xsâ
Zmk\mb tbml¶m\v {]ZÀin¸n¨p'' (1:1, 2).

2. AXnsâ XqenIma\pjy³
shfn¸mSv ]pkvXIw FgpXnbXv Hcp]s£ tbml¶m³ Bbncn¡mw.2
""tbip{InkvXphnsâ Zmk þ \mb tbml¶m³'' (1:1) F¶mWv Ahs\
hntijn¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. ""tbml¶m³'' F¶ efnXamb t]cn\m Xs¶
Ah³ hfsc A[nIw Adnbs¸«ncp¶p. ]pXnb\nba¯n {]apJ\mbn
XoÀ¶ GI tbml¶m³ As¸mkvXe\mb tbml¶m³ Bbncp¶p.3
k`bpsS {]mcw`L«¯n Xs¶, shfn¸mSv ]pkvXIw FgpXphm³
As¸mkvXe\mb tbml¶ms\ \nban¨ncp¶p. ]m¸nbkpw FgpXn-

14
bXv tbml¶m³ BsW¶v Bcw` k`m£y£·mÀ Bb (kn. 135),
PÌn³ amÀSncpw (kn. 150), sFtd\nbkpw (kn. 185) ]dªncn¡p¶p.
B k`m²y£·mÀ ]dbp¶X\pkcn¨v, As¸mkvXe\mb tbml¶m³
sbcpitew \mi kab¯v ([Link]. 70) Fs^skmknte¡v t]mIpIbpw
Bkym þ `qJWvU¯n ASp¯ Ccp]¯n þ A©p hÀjw hfsc {]
apJ\mb Hcp {InkvXob t\Xmhmbn Pohn¡bpw sNbvXncp¶p. AhnsS\n
¶mWv, Ahs\ ]sßmkv Zzo]nte¡v \mSpIS¯nbXv, AhnsS sh¨mWv
Ah\v tbiphnÂ\n¶pÅ shfn¸mSv e`n¡p¶Xv.
shfn¸mSpw tbml¶msâ aäp ]pkvXI§fpw XmcXayw sNbvXmÂ
hfscb[nIw kam\XIÄ ImWmw. tbml¶m³ am{XamWv tbip
hns\ temtKmkv F¶v hntijn¸n¨Xv (""hN\w''; tbml¶m³ 1:1,
14; 1 tbml¶m³ 1:1; shfn¸mSv 19:13). tbiphns\ kqNn¸n¡phm³
tbml¶m³ CjvSs¸« hntijWambncp¶p ""ssZh¯nsâ IpªmSv''
(tbml¶m³ 1:29, 36); shfn¸mSv ]pkv X I¯n tbiphns\
Ccp]¯n þ c�p {]mhiyw ""IpªmSv'' F¶p hnfn¨n«p�v. kphntij
Fgp¯pImcn tbml¶m³ am{XamWv ""tbiphnsâ hnem]pd¯v
Ip¯n'' F¶v ]dbp¶Xv (tbml¶m³ 19:34), B hkvXpX shfn¸mSv ]p
kvXI¯nepap�v (1:7).4
Ahsâ aäp ]pkvXI§fpsS ssienbpw shfn¸mSv ]pkvXI¯nse
ssienbpw X½nepÅ hyXymkw \nan¯w shfn¸mSv tbml¶m\mtWm
FgpXnbsX¶ shÃphnfn NneÀ \S¯p¶p�v. shfn¸mSv FgpXnb ssien
hnIrXamsW¶pw, AXpsIm�mWv AXv FgpXnbXv tbml¶m\Ã
F¶pw NneÀ ]dbp¶Xv F¶mWv \t½mSv ]dªn«pÅXv. F§s\
bmbmepw, ssien hyXymk¯n\v aäp hniZoIcW§fp�v.
DZmlcW¯n\v, DÅS¡w hyXykvXamWv. Hcp teJ\w
FgpXp¶tXm Asæn tbiphnsâ PohnX coXnsb Ipdn¨v ]Tn¨v
AhXcn¸n¡p¶tXm t]msebà ZÀi\§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xpw
ASbmf§Ä hniZam¡p¶Xpw.
IqSmsX, A\p`hhpw hyXykvXambncp¶p. tbml¶m³
A[nIhpw FgpXnbXv ZÀi\w I�psIm�ncn¡pt¼mgpw i_vZw
tI«psIm�ncn¡pt¼mgpambncp¶p. Xsâ sshImcnI AhØsb Ipdn¨v
tbml¶m³ ]dªp, ""Rm³ Gähpw Icªp'' (5:4). A¯csamcp am\
knImhØ tbml¶m³ {]ISam¡p¶Xns\ _m[n¡pw.
AXn\p ]pdsa, \S]Sn {Ia¯nepw Hcp]s£ hyXymkw
D�mtb¡mw. ]usemknt\bpw,5 ]s{Xmknt\bpw6 t]mse, aäpÅhcpsS
klmb¯membncn¡mw Xsâ kphntijhnhcW§fpw aäp teJ\§fpw
FgpXnbXv þ Xt¶¡mÄ A[nIw {Ko¡p`mjbpw Fgp¯pssienbpw
hiapÅhÀ.7 t\sc adn¨v, tbml¶m³ ZÀi\§fpw shfn¸mSpIfpw
Xsâ kz´ ssIsIm�v FgpXnbncn¡phm\pw km[yXbp�v (1:11, 19;
2:1, 8, 12, 18; 3:1, 7, 12, 14; 10:4; 14:13; 19:9; 21:5).8 At¸mÄ, kzm`mhnIambpw
ssien¡v amäw hcmw.
cq]Iev]\¡p Xs¶ hyXymkw D�mIphm\pÅ km[yX \mw ]
cnKWnt¡�Xp�v. shfn¸mSv ]pkvXI¯nsâ Nne Øe¯v hnIrXamb

15
ssienbmbncn¡msa¦nepw, AXv Ahyàambncn¡pI {]bmkamWv.
BÌn³ s^bdÀ ]dªp, ""Ah\v F§s\ A{]Imcw FgpXphm³
Ignªp F¶Xp \mw ]et¸mgpw AXnibn¡p¶p�v, F¶m Ah³
FgpXnbXnsâ AÀ°¯n AXnibnt¡�XnÃ.''9 setbm¬ tamdnkv
Cu Nn´ Du¶n ]dªncn¡p¶p:

... Nne kµÀ`§fn tbml¶m³ {Ko¡v hymIcWw

ewLn¨psIms�gpXnsb¦nÂ, aäp kµÀ`§fn {Ko¡v hymIcW\n
baa\pkcn¨mWv FgpXnbXv. asämcp hmNI¯n ]dªmÂ,
Ah³ {]tXyI {Ko¡n FgpXnbXv Hcpt±i¯n\pth�nbmWv,
AÃmsX icnbmb cq]¯nsâ AÚXsIm�Ã.10

asämcp hn[¯n ]dªmÂ, Nne {]tXyI ^e¯n\mbn, B ssien-

bn FgpXphm³ ]cnip²mßmhv tbml¶mt\mSv Bhiys¸«ncn¡mw.11
B hm¡pIÄ tbml¶m³ FgpXn F¶p hnizkn¡phm³ [mc-
mfw ImcW§fps�¶mWv Fsâ XoÀ¨s¸Sp¯Â þ Adnbs¸Sm¯
Hcp tbml¶m³ AsXgpXn F¶p hnizkn¡phm\pÅ Hcp ImcWhpw
ImWp¶nÃ.12

3. AXnsâ XobXn
sUmaojysâ hmgv¨¡meamb, [Link]. 94þ96 Imebfhnembncn¡mw
Hcp]s£ shfn¸mSv FgpXnbXv. k`¡v ITn\amb D]{Zhw t\cn«
kab¯mbncp¶p shfn¸mSv FgpXnbXv (2:13; 6:9; 12:17; 13:7), tdmam
Kh¬saânsâ.13 Ime¯mbncp¶p AXv FgpXs¸«sX¶v an¡t]cpw
hnizkn¡p¶p.14 H¶mw \qäm�nsâ Ahkm\`mK¯v {InkvXym\n
Isf D]{Zhn¨Xv þ c�p N{IhÀ¯namcmb \otdmbpw sUmaojy\p
w am{XamIsIm�v, GsX¦nepw HcmfpsS hmgv¨¡me¯mbncn¡pw
shfn¸mSv FgpXs¸«Xv.15
ssZhizmknbaÃm¯ ]mc¼cya\pkcn¨v, sUmaojysâ hmgv¨bpsS
Ahkm\Ime¯mWv shfn¸mSv FgpXs¸«Xv ([Link]. 81þ96). sFtd\n
bkv, [Link]. 185þÂ FgpXpt¼mÄ, ]dªp, ""shfn¸mSp]pkvXI¯nse''
shfns¸Sp¯p¶ ZÀi\§Ä ""I�Xv sUmaojysâ hmgv ¨ bpsS
Ahkm\Ime¯v, \½psS Imebfhn Xs¶bmWv''16 aäp {]mcw`
k`m²y£·mcpw (bptk_nbkv XpS§nbhÀ) shfn¸mSv FgpXs¸«Xv
sUmaojysâ hmgv¨¡me¯v [Link]. 90 IfpsS Ahkm\ambncp¶p
F¶v hnizkn¡p¶p.
NneÀ hnizkn¡p¶Xv shfn¸mSv ]pkvXIw FgpXs¸«Xv \otdm
N{IhÀ¯nbpsS hmgv¨bpsS Ahkm\Ime¯mWv F¶s{X ([Link].
54þ68), F¶m Rm³ \S¯nb ]T\¯n F\n¡v F¯nt¨cphm³
IgnªXv ]mc¼cyImgv¨¸mSnemWv. DZmlcW¯n\v N{IhÀ¯namcpsS
D]{Zhkz`mhw t\m¡nbm (3:10) sUmaojysâ D]{Zhw \o
tdmbptSXnt\¡mÄ {]tXyIXbpÅXmbncp¶p. IqSmsX, 60 Itf¡mÄ
90 IfmWv Ggp k`IfptSbpw AhØ t\m¡nbm tbmPn¡p¶Xv.
16
Fs^skmkv k` 60 Ifn kv]jvSambpw hfÀ¶phcnIbmbncp¶p
({]hr¯nIÄ 19 Dw 20 Dw Fs^kyteJ\hpw t\m¡pI), F¶mÂ
shfn¸mSv ]pkvXIw FgpXpt¼mtg¡v Fs^skmkv k`bpsS BZy
kvt\lw \jvSs¸SpIbpw AWªpt]mIÂ `ojWn t\cnSpIbpw
sNbvXncp¶p (2:4, 5). AXpsIm�v, Cu ]mT§fn AXv FgpXnb XobXn
GXm�v [Link]. 90 IfnemsW¶mWv Rm³ D]tbmKn¨ncn¡p¶Xv.17

4. AXnsâ Øew
X\n¡v shfn¸mSv ZÀi\w e`n¡pt¼mÄ, tbml¶m³ ]sßmkv Zzo]n
embncp¶p. ""ssZhhN\hpw tbip{InkvXphnsâ km£yhpw \nan¯w
Bbncp¶p'' tbml¶m³ \mSpIS¯s¸«Xv (1:9). ]sßmkv Zo]v ""sNdpXpw
(F«pssa \ofhpw \mepssa hoXnbpw) B[p\nI XpÀ¡nbpsS18
Xoc¯p\n¶v amdn, Fs^skmknÂ\n¶v 50 ssa sX¡p]Snªmdmbn,
AtbKy³ IS¯oc¯v ]mdtbmSpIqSnbXpambncp¶p. Hcp]s£
AXv tdma³ IpähmfnIsf Xmakn¸n¨ Øeambncn¡mw.''19 kÀ hneyw
cmwtk ]dªX\pkcn¨v, XShpImsc ""Nm«hmdpsIm�Sn¨v imizXambn
hne§Wnbn¡pIbpw, A]cym]X hkv{Xhpw, A]cym]vX Blmchpw
\ÂIn, Ccp� apdnbn shdpw Xdbn InS¯pw, ssk\yw Ahsc
Nm«hmdpsIm�Sn¨mWv tPmen sN¿n¸n¨ncp¶Xv.''20

5. AXnsâ kZkyÀ
A¶p�mbncp¶ Ggp k`IÄ¡pw þ FÃm Imes¯bpw {InkvXym\n
IÄ¡pw th�nbmWv shfn¸mSv ]pkvXIw FgpXnbXv. ""Bkybnse
Ggp k`Isf'' {]tXyIambn kwt_m[\ sNbvXmWv shfn¸mSv Fgp
XnbXv (1:4): ""Fs^skmkv, kvapÀ¶, s]ÀKaw, XpbssYc, kÀ±okv,
^nesZÂ^nb, eshmZnIy F¶o k`IÄ¡v.'' (1:11).21 ""Bky'' F¶Xv
Gjym `qJWvUaÃ. AtbKy³ ISensâ Ingt¡ Xoc¯v ØnXn sN-
bvXncp¶ Hcp tdma³ {]hniybmbncp¶p Bky (Ct¸mÄ AXv B[p\n
I XpÀ¡nbpsS ]Snªmsd Xocw). B {]hniybn Ggne[nIw
k`Ifp�mbncp¶p,22 F¶m B CShIIÄ XncsªSp¯Xv Ah¡v
{]tXyIXIfp�mbncp¶XpsIm�mWv (\½psS Cu Ime¯pw).
shfn¸mSv ]pkvXIw {]tXyIambn Ggpk`IsfbmWv kwt_m[\
sNbvXncn¡p¶sX¦nepw, AXv þ aäp ]pXnb\nba]pkvXI§sf¶t]mse,
{]tXyI kZkysc kwt_m[\ sNbvXpsh¦nepw þ Dt±in¨ncn¡p¶Xv
FÃm kZkytcbpw BWv. A²ymb§Ä 2 epw 3 epw Hmtcm A£chpw
B ktµiamWv hyàam¡p¶Xv: ""Bßmhv k`ItfmSv ]dbp¶Xv,
tIĸm³ sNhnbpÅh³ tIÄ¡s«'' (2:7). \n§fpsS XebpsS
hi§Ä ]cntim[n¡pI. \n§Ä¡v Npcp§nbXv Hcp sNhnsb¦nepw
ImWp¶ntÃ? F¦nÂ, shfn¸mSv ]pkvXIw FgpXs¸«ncn¡p¶Xv \n
§Ä¡mWv!

6. AXnsâ kz`mhw
A²ymbw 1 ]dbp¶X\pkcn¨v, shfn¸mSnsâ Hcp`mKw
17
shfns¸Sp¯Â kmlnXyhpw, thsdmcp `mKw {]hN\hpw, C\nbpsamcp
`mKw teJ\hpamWv:
(1) ]pkvXIw shfn¸mSv kmlnXyamWv F¶Xv, BZyt¯Xpw ]
ca{][m\hpamWv. Cu {]tbmKt¯msSbmWv AXv Bcw`n¡p¶Xv:
""tbip{InkvXphnsâ shfn¸mSv ...'' (1:1). At]mImep]vknkv F¶
{Ko¡v hm¡v XÀPna sNbv X XmWv ""shfn¸mSv '' F¶ hm¡v . Nne
XÀPnaIfn XehmNIw ""Z At]mImen]vkv'' F¶mWv. A]cnNnX-
amb ASbmf§fm kwtbmPn¸n¡s¸« {]tXyIXbpÅXmWv
At]mImen]vänIv kmlnXyw.
(2) ]pkvXIs¯ {]hN\w F¶pw hnfn¨n«p�v: ""Cu {]hN\¯nsâ
hm¡pIsf hmbn¨ptIĸn¡p¶h\pw tIÄ¡p¶h\pw AXnÂ
FgpXnbncn¡p¶Xv {]amWn¡p¶hcpw `mKyhm·mÀ'' (1:3; IqSmsX 22:7, 10,
18, 19). {]hmNI·mÀ ssZhizmknb hàm¡fmbncp¶p, ""ssZh¯nÂ\n
¶p hcp¶ GXp hm¡pw {]Jym]n¡pw þ AXv Iev]\bmbmepw, \n
Àt±iambmepw, Ncn{Xambmepw, ap¶dnbn¸mbmepw icn.''23
(3) ]pkvXI¯ntâXv Hcp teJ\¯ntâtXm AsænÂ
Fgp¯ntâtXm Bb ssienbmWv . BZys¯ {]kv X mh\¡p
tijw Hcp teJ\¯nsâ XpS¡¯nte¡v Xncn¨pt]mIbmWv :
""tbml¶m³ Bkybnse Ggp k`IÄ¡pw FgpXp¶Xv: Ccn¡p¶h\pw
Ccp¶h\pw hcp¶h\pambh¦Â\n¶pw \n§Ä¡v Ir]bpw kam[m\
hpw D�mIpamdmIs«; ...'' (1:4).
{]hN\§sf Ipdn¨pw teJ\§sf Ipdn¨pw Hcp]s£ \n
§Ä tI«ncn¡mw. F¶m ""shfns¸Sp¯Â `mj,'' \n§Ä¡v
AdnbnÃmbncn¡mw. AXpsIm� v Ipd¨v \nanj§Ä FSp¯v
AsX´msW¶v \ap¡v NÀ¨ sN¿mw. ""shfn¸mSns\ Ipdn¨v \n§Ä
Adnªncnt¡� Ggv hkvXpXIfp�v'', AXmbncn¡mw ]ca {][m\
ambn«pÅXv.
""As]mImen]vänIv''24 F¶ hm¡v \n§Ä¡v kp]cnNnXamtI�Xp�v.
(B hm¡v D¨cnt¡�Xv ""At]mIv þ en]v þ änIv'' F¶mWv. \memas¯
kzcm£camb ""en]v'' F¶Xn\mWv Du¶Â) C¶v, ""At]mImen]vkv''
D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv \mi¯ntâbpw iq\yam¡entâbpw ]cymbambmWv,
F¶m {Ko¡v hm¡v At]mImep]vknkn\v B e£ymÀ°anÃ. At]m
Imepknknsâ efnXamb AÀ°w ""A\mhcWw sN¿pI'' AsænÂ
""shfns¸Sp¯Â''25 F¶mWv.
ap³Ime§fn Adnbm¯Xpw Ct¸mÄ shfns¸Sp¯nbXpamb
F´nt\bpw ASnØm\]cambn kqNn¸n¡p¶XmWv At]mImep]nknkv
(KemXyÀ 1:12; 2:226). _n.kn bpsS Ahkm\ c�p \qäm�pIfpw [Link]
bpsS H¶mw \qäm�nepw D�mbncp¶ HcpXcw kmlnXy¯n ""At]m
Imen]vänIv'' kmt¦XnI AÀ°¯n D]tbmKn¨ncp¶p. ktµiw A]
cnNnXhpw at\mlchpamb Nn apJm´cw t_m[ys¸Sp¯p¶
Hcp kz`mhambncp¶p AXn\p� mbncp¶Xv . 27 At]mImen]v ä nIv
kmlnXy¯nÂ, Nn ktµis¯ shdpsX hn]peam¡pIbÃ;
Ah Xs¶ BWv ktµiw.

18
 an¡ ASbmf§fpw, temIhpamb _Ô¯n km[mcW NnÓ§Ä
Bbncp¶nÃ. adn¨v, ]eXpw t]Snkz]v\ambn am{Xw ImWp¶ hnNn{Xamb
ambmcq]§fmWv . CXv At]mImen]v ä nIv kao]\s¯ C¶s¯
BfpIÄ¡v hnIrXam¡p¶p. \½psS amknIIÄ At]mImen]vänIv
`mjbneà Cd§p¶Xv; \½psS ]pkvXI§Ä At]mImen]vänIv `mjbn
eà FgpXp¶Xv; \½psS hÀ¯am\ ]{X§fpw At]mImen]vänIv
`mjbneà Cd¡p¶Xv. AXpsIm�v, C¶v \mw {]IrXnZriy¯nÂ,
hÀ®¸In«pÅ IpXnckhmcn¡mÀ IpXn¨p]mbpt¼mÄ, BImi¯nse
\£{X§fn hm ap«p¶ Hcp alm kÀ¸w, HcmfpsS hmbnÂ\n¶v
hmÄ ]pds¸Sp¶p Fs¶Ãmw tIÄ¡pt¼mÄ, \mw AÔmfn¨pt]mIpw!
F§s\bmbmepw, Bcw`hmb\¡mÀ¡v, At]mImen]vänIv `mj
A\ytam Akm[mcWtam Bbncp¶nÃ. ]gb\nba¯nÂ, At]mIm
en]vänIv `mj `mKnIambn sbslkvt¡entâbpw Zm\ntbentâbpw
]pkv X I¯nepw, A§n§mbn, sbi¿mhv , tbmthÂ, skJcymhv
F¶nhbnepw ImWmw. IqSmsX, ]gb\nbaImebfhn\pw ]pXnb\n
baImebfhn\pw CS¡v þ aemJn¡pw a¯mbn¡panSbnepÅ
\m\qdv hÀjw þ ssZhizmknbaÃm¯ At]mImen]vänIv Fgp¯pIÄ
D�mbn«p�v. td kt½gvkv ]dªp,

{InÌy³ At]mImen]vänIv tbml¶m³ D]{Zhw GäpsIm�ncn¡p¶

Xsâ Iq«mfnIÄ¡v tdmansâ \mihpw ssZh\mahnPbhpw ]
IÀ¶psImSp¡pt¼mÄ, IgnªImes¯ ]e kp]cnNnXamb
AXncSbmf§fpw ImWn¨v ]mX hyàam¡pIbmbncp¶p.
Htc kz`mh¯nepÅ Xsâ _p²nap«pIÄ kqNn¸n¨v AhÀ¡v
Bßhnizmkt¯mSpIqSnb ss[cyw At]mImen]vänIv `mh\
bn ]IÀ¶psImSp¯Xp A¶s¯ ]e {InkvXym\nIÄ¡pw ]
cnNbap�mbncp¶p, AXv AhcpsS kz´ aXamb sblqZaX¯nepw
AhcpsS ]qÀhnI·mcpw A\p`hn¨n«p�v.28

""icn, AhÀ A§s\ [mcmfw FgpXn¡mWpw, F¶mÂ

F´n\v? F¶Xmbncn¡mw \n§fpsS {]XnIcWw. Xpd¶ Cw¥ojv
`mjbntem þ Asæn {Ko¡ntem, Asæn AhÀ kwkmcn¨
atäsX¦new `mjbn AhÀ¡v ]dbphm\pÅXv ]dbmambncp¶ntÃ?''
A t ]mImen]vänIv `mjm kao]\¯n [ m c m f w I m c y § Ä
AS§nbncn¡p¶p. Fgp¯pImÀ Akm[yambXn\v {ian¡pIbmbncp¶p:
a\pjycpsS Imcy¯n ssZh¯nsâ CSs]Sens\ Ipdn¨mWv
AhÀ ]dbp¶Xv. ""AhÀ XpSÀ¨bmbn hnhcn¡phm\km[yambXv
hnhcn¡phm\pw, ]dbphm³ ]mSnÃm¯Xp ]dbphm\pw, s]bnâ v
sN¿phm³ ]mSnÃm¯Xv s]bnâ v sN¿phm\pw {ian¡pIbmbncp¶p.''29
IqSmsX, AXv XSkw IqSmsX ]cnNbapÅ Bibhn\nab coXnbnÂ
at\mlcamb {]Xncq]§fneqsS Adnbn¡mhp¶Xmbncp¶p At]mIm
en]vänIv `mj.
C¯cw Fgp¯pIÄ cq]s¸Sphm\pÅ ImcWw Hcp]s£
19
cmjv{Sobhpw aX]chpamb ImemhØbmbncn¡mw. At]mImen]vänIv
kmlnXyw cq]s¸«Xv Ipg¸w ]nSn¨ kab§fnembncp¶p. _mt_ {]
hmkIme¯mbncp¶p Zm\ntbÂ, sbslkvt¡Â F¶o ]pkvXI§Ä
FgpXs¸«Xv. ]gb\nba¯n\pw ]pXnb\nba¯n\panS¡v kndnb¡mcpsS
sRcp¡Â A\p`hs¸«t¸mgmbncp¶p thZ{]amWclnXamb 30
\nch[n Fgp¯pIÄ At]mImen]vänIv kmlnXycqt]W cNn¡s¸«Xv.
shfn¸mSv]pkvXI¯nsâ ]Ým¯ew {InÌym\nIsf \otdmbptSbpw
sUmaojytâbpw t\XrXz¯n D]{Zhn¨psIm�ncp¶XmWv. ""{]
bmkapÅ kab§fn {SmIväpIfmbn''31 At]mImen]vänIn FgpXp
hm\pÅ Dt±iw c�msW¶v ]ecpw hnizkn¡p¶p: (1) NnÓ§Ä
Bcw`n¨hÀ¡v AXnsâ AÀ°w a\knemIp¶ hn[¯n ktµiw
shfns¸Sp¯pI bpw (2) AXp XpS§m¯hÀ¡v adªncn¡pI bpw
sN¿phm³.32
shfn¸mSv ]pkvXI¯nsâ ktµiw ]cnKWn¡pI: H¶mw þ \q
äm�nse {InkvXym\nIsf sRcp¡ns¡m�ncp¶, tdmamN{IhÀ¯n
Ahkm\w hogpw F¶v AhÀ¡v Dd¸p sImSp¯p. B ktµiw
tdma³ DtZymKØÀ¡v a\knembm F´mbncn¡pw kw`hn¡pI?
BZyw Xs¶, ]pkvXI¯nsâ ]IÀ¸v ]sßmknÂ\n¶v ]p
d¯pIS¯phm³ tbml¶ms\ A\phZn¡pambncp¶nà (1:11), ImcWw
A¶pasX (C¶pasX) XShpImcpsS FÃm Fgp¯pIp¯pIfpw ]
cntim[n¡pambncp¶p. c�maXmbn, tdma³ A[nImcnIÄ B ktµiw
hnkvXrXambn hnXcWw sN¿phm\pw A\phZn¡pambncp¶nÃ; AhÀ¡v
In«mhp¶ tIm¸nIsfÃmw AhÀ I�psI«pw. aq¶maXmbn, hnNmcW t\
cnSp¶ {InkvXym\nIsf cmPyt{ZmlIpäw Npa¯p¶Xn\pÅ sXfnhmbn
A¯cw tcJ FSp¡mhp¶XmWv. AXv A§s\ Bbncp¶XpsIm�v,
shfn¸mSv ]pkvXI¯nsâ Is¿gp¯v {]XnIÄ tdma³ DtZymKØcpsS
I¿n In«nbmÂ, AhÀ H¶v HmSn¨pt\m¡nbn«v hmbn¡phm³ ]
ämsX, ""{InkvXym\nIf[nIhpw \ncÀ°IcmWv'' F¶v ]dªv AXns\
XÅn¡fbp¶Xv F\n¡v Duln¡phm³ Ignbpw.33
At]mImen]vänIv kmlnXys¯ Ipdn¨v C\nbpw IqSpXÂ ]dbp
hm³ Ignbpw. Ct¸mÄ Cu Nn´ \n§fpsS a\kn kq£n¡pI:
At]mImen]v ä nIv kmlnXy¯nÂ, ktµiw NnÓ§fneqsSbmWv
t_m[yam¡p¶Xv.

7. a\knem¡phm\pÅ AXnsâ Ignhv

shfn¸mSv \mw a\knem¡Wsa¶v ssZhw {]Xo£n¡p¶p þ
Npcp§nbXv AXnsâ ASnØm\ ktµi§Ä. Zm\ntben¶v shfn¸mSv
sImSp¯p Xocmdmbt¸mÄ, Aht\mSv ]dªp, ""A´yImew hsc
Cu hN\§sf AsS¨v ]pkvXI¯n¶v ap{ZbnSpI ...'' (shfn¸mSv
12:4; Fw^knkv ssa³). Zm\ntbensâ {]hN\§Ä ]eXpw
hnZqc`mhnbn \ndthdphm\ncp¶XpsIm�v,34 {]hmNIsâ Imeb-
fhn Pohn¨ncp¶hÀ¡v B ]pkvXIw a\knemt¡�XnÃmbncp¶p
(Zm\ntb 8:27 t\m¡pI). AXn\v hn]coXambn, tbml¶mt\m
20
Sv Iev ] n¨p, ""kabw ASp¯ncn¡bmÂ, Cu ]pkv X I¯nse {]
hN\w ap{ZbnScpXv'' (shfn¸mSv 22:10; Fw^knkv ssa³). shfn¸mSv ]p
kvXI¯nsâ \ndthd DSs\ kw`hnt¡�Xmbncp¶p (1:1, 3), AXv
hmbn¨hÀ a\knem¡pIbpw sNbvXp (13:18 t\m¡pI).
AXn\À°w ]pkvXI¯nse FÃmw \ap¡v a\knemIpw F¶Ã.
A²ymbw 10þÂ Ggv CSnapg¡s¯ Ipdn¨v kwkmcn¨p. AhÀ ]dªp
tI«Xv tbml¶m³ FgpXphm³ XpS§nbt¸mÄ, ""kzÀK¯nÂ\n¶v
Hcp i_vZw, ]dªp tI«Xp, "Ggv CSnapg¡w tI«Xv ap{Zbnt«¡,
FgpXcpXv F¶mbncp¶p' '' (shfn¸mSv 10:4; Fw^knkv ssa³). B
thZ`mKw ss__nfn sh¨ncn¡p¶Xv Ct¸mgpw \ap¡dnbm³ ]m
SnÃm¯Xpw Hcn¡epw Adnbm¯Xpamb Nne Imcy§Ä D�v F¶p \
s½ t_m[ys¸Sp¯phm\mbncn¡mw (BhÀ¯\]pkvXIw 29:29).
F¦nepw, shfn¸mSv ]pkvXI¯nse Nne Imcy§Ä a\knem¡phm³
\ap¡v Ignbpw, AXv \mw a\knem¡Wsa¶v ssZhw {]Xo£n¡bpw
sN¿p¶p. ]pkvXIw Hcp ""shfn¸mSmbn«mWv'' ssZhw Dt±in¨Xv AÃmsX
""ap{ZbnSÂ'' Bbn«Ã. ]pkvXI¯nse apJyamb D]tZi§Ä \ap¡v a\
knembnsæn ""B {]hN\]pkvXI¯nse hm¡pIÄ hmbn¡p¶h\p
w hmbn¨p tIĸn¡p¶h\pw `mKyhm³'' F¶ hmKvZm\w \ap¡v
e`n¡msX t]mIpw (1:3). \mw ]Tn¡phm³ ssZhw {]Xo£n¡p¶ ]m
T§Ä a\knem¡pI F¶XmWv Cu ]mT¯nse \½psS shÃphnfn.

D]kwlmcw
At\Iw hÀj§Ä¡v ap³]v, Hcp bph{InkvXym\n, shfn¸mSv]p
kvXIs¯ Ipdn¨v Hcp ¢mkv FSp¡phm³ Ft¶mSv Bhiys¸«p.
B ]pkvXIw ]Tn¡phm\pÅ XmÂ]cyw AbmÄ IqsS IqsS Fs¶
HmÀ¸n¨psIm�ncp¶p. Ahkm\w ¢mkv XpS§n GXm\pw Bgv¨IÄ
Ignªt¸mÄ AbmÄ apJw hoÀ¸n¨psIm�v Fsâ ASp¯ph¶p. \n
dª \ncmitbmsS, AbmÄ ]dªp, ""AXv hfsc {]bmkapÅ XmWv,
AtÃ?''
]IpXna\tkmsS hcp¶hÀ¡v ]IÀ¶p sImSp¡p¶ Hcp
\n[nbà shfn¸mSv. \n§Ä km[mcW ss__nÄ ¢mkn ]IpXn
{i²n¡bpw/]IpXn {i²n¡mXncn¡bpw sNbvXm t]mepw, Ipsds-
bms¡ hnebpÅ Imcy§Ä \n§Ä¡v AXnÂ\n¶p In«pw, F¶mÂ
shfn¸mSv ]pkvXI ]T\w A§s\bpÅXÃ. ]T\wsIm�v \n§Ä¡v
{]tbmP\w e`n¡Wsa¦nÂ, \n§Ä ]cn{ian¡Ww. Rm³ \n§sf \n
cpÂkmls¸Sp¯p¶Xn\Ã CXp ]dªXv, adn¨v B at\mlc]pkvXIw
hmbn¨v {Kln¨v \n§Ä `mKyhm\mIphm\mWv Rm³ ]dªXv. \n§Ä
A§s\ sNbvXmÂ, AXp\nan¯w \n§Ä Ft¸mgpw kt´mjn¡pw!

D]tZjvSm¡·mÀ¡pw {]mkwKnIÀ¡papÅ Ipdn¸pIÄ

]mT§fpsS CS¡nS¡v, BÀ«v hÀ¡v tNÀ¯n«p�v. \n§Ä¡v
thWsa¦n Ah hepXm¡n t]¸dntem, t_mÀUntem ]IÀ¸v FSp¯v,
21
Zriyklmbn Bbn D]tbmKn¡mw.
\n§fpsS ]mTt¯mSv tNÀ¡phm\mbn ]mTy]²Xnbne[nIhpw
_mlycq]tcJ Bbn {]ZÀin¸n¡mhp¶XmWv . DZmlcW¯n\v ,
tbml¶m³ FgpXnb aäp ]pkvXI§fptSbpw shfn¸mSntâbpw ssien-
bnse hyXymkw ImWn¡p¶ Hcp NmÀ«v CXm:

F´psIm�v ssienbn hyXymkw?

DÅS¡¯n Hcp hyXymkw þ
ZÀi\§Ä, NnÓ§Ä
A\p`h¯n Hcp hyXymkw þ
sshImcnIamb Hcp kµÀ`w;
shfn¸mSv Hcp]s£ ""AhnsS sh¨v'' FgpXnbXmImw \S]SnbnÂ
Hcp hyXymkw þ
aäp Fgp¯pIÄ:
tbml¶m³ Hcp]s£ Fgp¯pImcs\s¡m�v FgpXn¨n
cn¡mw.
shfn¸mSv:
Cu ]pkvXIw Hcp]s£ tbml¶m³ Xs¶ FgpXnbXmhmw.
cq]¯n Hcp hyXymkw?
ssien hyXymkw a\¸qÀÆambncn¡mw.

BZyt¯Xpw, Gähpw {][m\s¸«Xpamb At]mImen]vänIv kmln

XyamWv shfn¸mSv F¶ hkvXpX ]cnNbs¸Sp¯phm³ Hcp t]mÌdn\v
]änb Nne hnhc§Ä CXm.

]pkvXI¯nsâ kz`mhw
At]mImen]vänIv kmlnXyw þ `mhnsb¡pdn¨pÅ Be¦mcnI D]
tZiw
{]hN\w þ hÀ¯am\Imet¯¡pÅ izmknb D]tZiw
teJ\w þ hyàn]cam¡p¶Xn\v, teJ\w Hcp
{]tXyI kZkn\pÅXmWv
Cu ]mTy]²Xn \n§Ä ]Tn¡pt¼mÄ, \n§Ä \n§tfmSv Xs¶
tNmZn¡pI: ""Fsâ hnZymÀ°nIÄ CXv IqSpXÂ a\knem¡phm³ Cu
hnhcW§Ä F§s\ Hcp NmÀ«n B¡pw?''
]mT¯nsâ Bcw`¯n ]dªXpt]mse, Rm³ shfn¸mSnse
thZ`mKt¯¡v {]thin¡p¶Xn\v ap³]v iàamb Hcp ASn¯dbnSphm\m
Wv B{Kln¡p¶Xv. Hcp ¢mkn hfsc {]tbmP\w sN¿pw; shfn¸mSns\
Ipdn¨v Hcp {]kwK]c¼c \S¯phm\mWv \n§Ä B{Kln¡p¶sX¦nÂ
AXv {]tbmP\Icambncn¡Wsa¶nÃ. Cu ]mTy]²Xn \n§Ä {]
kwK§fn D]tbmKn¡pIbmsW¦nÂ, H¶papX aq¶phscbpÅ
]mT§fnse k¦oÀ®amb apJhpc \n§Ä¡v thWsa¦nÂ
AhXcn¸n¡mw. ]ns¶ \n§Ä thZ`mKw {]kwKn¡pt¼mÄ tijw
]Ým¯ew D]tbmKn¡mw. DZmlcW¯n\v, A²ymbw 1 \n§Ä {]

22
kwKn¡pt¼mÄ, BcmWv ]pkvXI¯nsâ icnbmb teJI³ F¶pw,
]IÀs¸gp¯pImc³ BcmWv F¶pw, BÀ¡mWv ]pkvXIw FgpXnbXv
F¶pw, aäp BapJhnhcW§fpw DÄs¸Sp¯mw.

Ipdn¸pIÄ
1F³sIsPhnbn ""Z sdshtej³ Hm^v Pokkv ss{IÌv'' F¶mWv.
2As¸mkvXe\mb tbml¶ms\ \n§Ä ]Tn¸n¡p¶hÀ¡v ]cnNbansænÂ,
Ipd¨v kabsaSp¯v tbml¶msâ PohnXs¯ AhtemI\w sN¿pI.
3tbml¶m³ F¶ t]À C¶p km[mcWbmbncn¡p¶Xpt]mse Bbncpt¶¡mw
A¶pw, F¶m ]pXnb\nba¯n As¸mkvXe\mb tbml¶m³ F¶pw
(a¯mbn 4:21þ BZyw t]À ]dªncn¡p¶p) tPm¬ amÀ¡v ({]hr¯nIÄ
12:12) F¶pw c�v {InkvXob tbml¶m·mscbmWv ]dªn«pÅXv. 4aäp kam\
XIfpw Nq�n¡mWn¡mw: shfn¸mSv 1:1 Dw tbml¶m³ 17:7, 8 ambn XmcXayw
sN¿pI (IqSmsX tbml¶m³ 5:19, 20; 7:16 Dw t\m¡pI). tbml¶m³ 7:37/
shfn¸mSv 22:17; tbml¶m³ 10:18/shfn¸mSv 2:27; tbml¶m³ 20:12/shfn¸mSv 3:4;
tbml¶m³ 21:24/shfn¸mSv 22:8 XmcXayw sN¿pI. 5]usemkv ]dªpsImSp¯v
Hscgp¯pImcs\s¡m� v FgpXn¡bmbncp¶p (tdmaÀ 16:22). Ah³
kz´ssIsIm�v FgpXpt¼mÄ, Ah³ AXp ]dªn«p�v (KemXyÀ 6:11).
6]s{Xmkv Xsâ BZy teJ\w inemkns\s¡m�mWv FgpXn¨Xv (1 ]s{Xmkv
5:12). 7B teJ\w Fgp¯pImcpsS kmt¦XnI t]À ""Aam\psh³knkv''
F¶mbncp¶p. IqSpXÂ kp]cnNnXamb t]cpIÄ ""sk{I«dn,'' ""imkv{Xn,''
""kmlnXyklmbn'' F¶nhbmWv. 8XoÀ¨bmbpw AhsbÃmw, \S¶Xv ]
cnip²mß\ntbmK¯membncp¶p, AXpsIm�v, A´na^ew ssZhw COn¨Xp
Xs¶bmbncp¶p. 9BÌn³ s^bdÀ, Z sdshtej³ Hm^v skâ v. tPm¬ Z
Unssh³ (e�³: HmIvkvt^mÀUv bqWnthgvknän {]kv, 1964), 50. 10setbm¬
tamdnkv, sdshtej³, sdh. FUn., Z Sn³sUbn \ypsSÌsaâ v Isaâdokv
({Kmâ v dm¸nUvkv, ssa¡v.: U»nbp Fw. _n. FUvam³kv ]»njn§v I¼\n.,
1987), 31.
1 1 s s Z h i z m k n b a m b h b n  h y m I c W ¯ n s e "" a n t Ì I v k p w ''
""Ftdgvkpw'' t\m¡p¶Xv A\pNnXambncn¡pw. hymIcW ""\nba§Ä'' a\p
jycp�m¡nbXmWv, AÃmsX ssZh þ izmkobaÃ. Fsâ ]c¼cbnse
hymIcWs¯äpIÄ {]km[IÀ¡v Nq�n¡mWn¡mw. ]s£ ]cnip²mßmhnsâ
Fgp¯pIfn AXv ]mSnÃ. 12""GXv tbml¶m³?'' F¶ tNmZy¯n\pÅ
D¯cw, XoÀ¨bmbpw, tbiphnsâ KpWw e`n¡p¶Xn\v henb {]iv\aÃ.
F{_mbteJ\w FgpXnbXv BcmsW¶v \ap¡v XoÀ¨bnÃ, F¦nepw AXnsâ
D]tZi§fpsS ^e¯n Hcp Ipdhpw hcp¶nÃ. 13tdmam N{IhÀ¯nsb
Nq�n¡mWn¡p¶ ]e ""kqN\Ifpw,'' shfn¸mSp]pkvXI¯nepÅXv, ]n¶oSv
hcp¶ ]mT§fn \ap¡v ImWphm³ Ignbpw. 14""{][m\s¸« NnÓ§fpw
AXnibn¸n¡p¶ ASbmf§fpw'' F¶ ]n¶oSv hcp¶ ]mT¯nse tdmam
N{IhÀ¯nbpsS Ncn{XmhtemI\w t\m¡pI. 15 shfn¸mSv ]pkv X Iw

23
FgpXs¸«Xv shkvt]jysâ hmgv¨¡me¯msW¶pw (G. Un. 69þ79) AXp
kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv shkvt]jysâ ap³Kmanbmbncp¶ \otdmbpsSbpw, shkvt]
jysâ aI³ sUmaojysâbpw D]{Zhs¯ FSp¯pImWn¡p¶p F¶pw NneÀ
hnizkn¡p¶p. B Imgv¨¸mSv tbml¶m³ Ggp XeIfpÅ Hcp IS Pohnsb
{]tXyIambn ""hnhcn¡p¶Xp'' sIm�p�mbXmImw (13:1; 17:9þ11). 17:9þ11 sâ
GXp hymJym\¯n\pw AXntâXmb hnjaap�v. GXv XoÀ¸ntâbpw ASnØm\
amt¡�sX¶ kwibmkv]Zamb thZ`mKamWv. 16sFtd\nbkv FsK³Ìv
slsdkokv 5.30. 17Ht¶m Asæn ct�m hniZoIcWs¯ FgpXnb
IrXyamb XobXn _m[ns¨¶p hcmw. F¶m ]pkvXI¯nsâ sam¯¯nepÅ
ktµis¯ H¶mw þ \qäm�nse {InkvXym\nIsftbm, C¶s¯ {InkvXym\n
Isftbm _m[n¡p¶nÃ. 18Cu ]pkvXI¯n Ahkm\w hcp¶ ""Bkybnse
Ggv k`Ifpw ]sßmkv Zzo]pw'' F¶ Nn{Xw t\m¡pI. 19tdm_À«v au¬kv,
t\m«vkv Hm¬ Z _p¡v Hm^v sdshtej³, Z F³sFhn ÌUn ss__nÄ, sP\.
FUn. sIs¶¯v _mÀ¡À ({Kmâ v dm¸nUvkv, ssa¡v.: tkm�Àhm³ ]»njn§v
lukv, 1985), 1926. 20U»nbp. Fw. cmwtk, Z seäÀ Sp Z sksh³ NÀ¨kv Hm^v
Gjym, hneyw Fw. cmwtk, sse{_dn, hmeyw, 10 (F³.]n., 1904; do{]nâ v, {Kmâ v
dm¸nUvkv, ssa¡v.: t_¡À _p¡v lukv, 1979), 85. Cu ]pkvXIw FgpXpt¼mÄ
tbml¶m\v hfsc {]mbap�mbncp¶p; Ahs\ ]sßmkv Zzo]nse J\nbnÂ
\nÀºÔn¨v tPmen sN¿n¨ncpt¶m F¶v \ap¡v AdnbnÃ.
21CShIIÄ IqSnh¶ncp¶ Øe§Ä Adnbphm³ B Ggp ]«W§Ä
ØnXnsNbvXncp¶ Øm\§Ä Nn{X¯nÂ\n¶v t\m¡n ImWpI. 22Bky {]
hniybn thsd CShIIÄ IqSn h¶ncp¶Xv t{Xmhmkv, sImsemky, eshmZnIy
F¶o Øe§fnembncp¶p ({]hr¯nIÄ 20:6, 7; sImsemkyÀ 1:2; 4:16).
23au¬kv, 1926. 24""At¸m{In^m'' AÀ°w ""asd¨p sh¨'' F¶Xpambn B hm¡v
sXän²cn¡cpXv. _n. kn. 200 \pw [Link]. 100 \pw CS¡v ssZhizmknbaÃmsX
DÛhn¨ tcJIsfbmWv ""At¸m{In^m'' F¶p hnfn¡p¶Xv. 25""IhÀ'' F¶pw
""{^w'' Asæn ""Fth'' F¶papÅ hm¡pIÄ¡pÅ {Ko¡v hm¡pIÄ
kwtbmPn¸n¨XmWv AXv, AXpsIm�v A£cnIambn AÀ°w ""A\mhcWw''
F¶mWv. 26aäp DZmlcW§Ä¡v tdmaÀ 2:5; 16:25; 1 sImcn´yÀ 14:6; Fs^kyÀ
3:3; 1 ]s{Xmkv 1:7, 13; 4:13. 27""ChnsS CXm alm kÀ¸w!'' F¶ ]mT¯nÂ
hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶ ""NnÓ§Ä'' \nÀÆNn¨ncn¡p¶Xp t\m¡pI. 28td kt½gvkv,
hÀXn Cukv Z em¼v (\mjznte, t{_mUvam³ {]kv, 1951), 16. 29hneyw _mÀt¢, Z
sdshtej³ Hm^v tPm¬, hmeyw, 1, sdh. FUn., Z sUbven ÌUn ss__nÄ
kocokv (^nesZÂ^nb shÌv an\nÌÀ {]kv, 1976), 4. 30Cu ]pkvXI¯n ]n
¶oSv hcp¶ ""thZ{]amWs¯ kw_Ôn¨ tNmZyw'' F¶ A\p_ÔteJ\w
t\m¡pI.
31FUvthÀUv F. amIvUshÂ, Z ao\n§v Bâ v satkPv Hm^v Z _p¡v
Hm^v sdshtej³ (\mjvhnte, t{_mUvam³ {]kv, 1951), 7. 32tbiphnsâ D]
aIfpsS Dt±is¯ Ipdn¨v \n§fpsS hnZymÀ°nIÄ¡v ]cnNbaps�¦nÂ,
\n§Ä¡v ChnsS Hcp kam\X hc¡mw. tbip D]aIfn kwkmcn¨Xv,
ktµiw efnXam¡p¶Xn\mWv F¶v \mw ]et¸mgpw ]dbmdp�v, AXmbXv,
Xsâ ktµiw shfns¸Sp¯phm³. AXv A§s\bmbncp¶psh¦nÂ, Ah³
D]aIfmbn kwkmcn¨Xv, ktµiw a\knem¡phm³ X¿mdmIm¯hÀ¡v

24
asd¨psh¡p¶Xn\pIqsSbmWv Ah³ F¶pw ]dbmw (a¯mbn
13:10þ17 t\m¡pI). 33At]mImen]vknsâ Dt±iw ""asd¨psh¡Âv'' BsW¶Xn\v
kv]jvSamb HgnIgnhmWv A²ymbw ]Xnt\gn ImWp¶Xv. ""`qcmPm¡·mÀ
hmgp¶ alm\Kcw'' Bbn«mWv ""alXnbmw _m_ntemWns\'' ]dªncn¡p¶Xv
(hm. 18), AXv ""Ggv ]ÀÆX§fnt·Â Ccn¡p¶p'' (hm. 9) þ kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv
tdmam \Kcs¯bmWv. t]mbnâ v hfsc {]m[m\yapÅXmbXpsIm�v B {]
tXyI Ae¦mcs¯ ad IqSmsX hyàam¡nbncn¡pIbmWv. 34DZmlcW¯n\v,
`mhnIme¯v kw`hn¸m\pÅXv Zm\ntb ap¶dnbn¨XmWv k`/cmPyw Øm]\w.

]p\chtemI\¯n\pw NÀ¨¡papÅ tNmZy§Ä

1. ]pkvXI¯nsâ icnbmb teJI³ BÀ (1:1þÂ
{]ISn¸n¨ncn¡p ¶Xv)? thsdmcp hn[¯n tNmZn¨m CXv
BcpsS shfn¸m SmWv?
2. shfn¸mSv FgpXnbXv BÀ (1:1)?
3. tbml¶m³ FgpXnb aäp]pkvXI§fptSbpw shfn¸mSv ]p
kvX I¯ntâbpw ssien hyXymk¯n\v km[yXbpÅ Nne
ImcW §Ä.
4. shfn¸mSv FgpXnb XobXn (IÄ) ]mTw \ÂIp¶Xv GXmWv?
5. B kabs¯ tdmam N{IhÀ¯n Bcmbncp¶p?
6. X\n¡v shfn¸mSv e`n¨t¸mÄ tbml¶m³ FhnsS Bbncp¶p?
7. ]pkvXIw kwt_m[\ sNbvXncn¡p¶Xv BÀ¡mWv?
8. {]mYanIambn, shfn¸mSv ]pkvXIw GXp Xc¯nepÅ kmln
XyamWv (1:1þÂ {]tbmKn¨Xv t]mse)?
9. At]mImen]vänIv `mjbn ktµiw F´p apJm´camWv
t_m[yam¡nbncp¶Xv?
10. GXp Xcw kmaqlykmlNcy¯nemWv At]mImen]vänIv `mj
FgpXnbncp¶Xv?
11. c�v Dt±i§Ä¡mWv apJyambn At]mImen]vänIv `mj D]
tbm Kn¨ncp¶Xv. AXv GsXÃmambncp¶p?
12. \mw shfn¸mSv ]pkvXIw a\knem¡Wsa¶v ssZhw {]Xo£n
¡p¶pt�m? AXn\À°w \ap¡v (Adntb�Xv) shfn¸mSv ]p
kvX I¯nse FÃmw Adnbphm³ Ignbpw F¶mtWm?

thZ{]amWs¯ Ipdn¨pÅ tNmZyw

shfn¸mSv ]pkvXIw k`Ifn hnXcWw sN¿phm³
XpS§nbXpapXÂ, As¸mkvXe\mb tbml¶msâ t]\bnÂ\n¶p
h¶ B[nImcnItcJbmbn AwKoIcn¡s¸«ncp¶p. ssZhizmknb ]p
Xnb\nba]pkvXItiJc§fn BZyt¯Xmbncp¶p AXv. GXm�v
165þ sXtbm^ntemkv AXv thZ{]amW¯n DÄs¸Sp¯nbncp¶p.1
AXns\ Ipdn¨v apdmtämdnbw Imt\m³ (kn. 170) kqNn¸n¨n«p�v.

25
BZy k`m²y£·mÀ, FÃmhcpw AsænÂ, an¡t]cpw AXnÂ\n¶v
D²cn¨n«p�v. GÄ ]maÀ C§s\ \nco£n¡bp�mbn,

... ]pcmX\ k`bn atäsXmcp ]pXnb\nba]pkvXI§tf¡mfpw

]e DdhnS§fpw km£ys¸Sp¯nbn«pÅXv shfn¸mSv ]pkvX -
IamWv. shfn¸mSv ]pkvXIw thZ{]amW¯nsâ `mKamsW¶v
hnizkn¡¯¡ sXfnhpIÄ \ap¡v Bcw`k`bnÂ\n¶p
e`n¨XpsIm�v AXns\ hnkvXrXambn ]n´m§nbn«p�v.2

Ipsd Ignªv, Nne Fgp¯pImÀ hyàn]camb ImcW§fmÂ, ]p

kvXIs¯ XyPn¨n«p�v (DZmlcW¯n\v, Ae¦mcw \ncmis¸Sp¯p¶p
F¶mWv AhÀ Is�¯nbXv), AXnsâ ssienbpw asämcp ImcWamWv.
F§s\bmbmepw, {]mcw` k`, AXp sam¯¯nÂ, tNmZyw sN¿msX
ssZhizmknb hN\ambn AwKoIcn¨ncp¶p.
Fgp¯pImc³ A[nImct¯msSbmWv FgpXnbsX¶v k½Xn¡msX
\n§Ä¡v shfn¸mSv ]pkvXIw hmbn¡phm³ km[yaà (1:1þ3; 22:18, 19),
kwibn¡msX ]pkvXIs¯ kzoIcn¡pw. BZyk`bpw, As¸mkvXe\m
b ]usemkv AXv FgpXn F¶dnbp¶hcpw AXv kzoIcn¡bp�mbn.
B hmeyw XoÀ¨bmbpw ""tbip{InkvXphnsâ shfn¸mSv'' Bbn Ahsâ
{]nbinjy\mb tbml¶m³ FgpXn tcJs¸Sp¯n F¶Xnsâ sXfn
hmWv B hkvXpXIÄ \ÂIp¶Xv.

Ipdn¸pIÄ
1""Ìm³tUÀUv'' Asæn ""dqÄ'' F¶ hm¡n\p th�n emän\n \n¶p h¶
hm¡mbncp¶p ""Im\³,'' AXv D]tbmKn¨Xv ssZhizmknb Xncpshgp¯msW¶v
kqNn¸n¡p¶Xn\mbncp¶p. a\pjy\nÀ½nXamb GsX¦nepw BtemN\
sb Xocpam\n¡p¶Xmbncp¶nà AXv , Hcp As¸mkv X e\pambn kw_
Ô¯ntâbpw, AhcpsS Bßobamb Xr]vXnbptSbpw, AhÀ¡v {InkvXphnsâ
k`tbmSp�mbncp¶ _Ô¯ntâbpw, AhcpsS ssZhizmkobXbptSbpw
ASnØm\¯n {]mcw`k` kzoIcn¨ ]pkvXI§sf kqNn¸n¡p¶Xmbncp¶p.
2GÄ F^v. ]mÂaÀ, 1, 2, 3 tPm¬ & sdshtej³, Z I½qWnt¡tägvkv Isaâdn
kocokv, hmeyw. 12 (UÅmkv: thUv ]»njn§v, 1982), 97.

26
 Bkybnse Ggp k`Ifpw ]sßmkv Zzo]pw
as¡tZm\y Icn¦SÂ
t{Xky

AJmb
Bky
s]ÀKsamkv

27
XpbssYc
k˱okv
^nesZÂ^y
kvap˦
Fs^skmkv
eshmZnIy

]sßmkv

a²y[cWymgn