Dr. B.R.

Ambedkar – The Father of Indian Constitution

“ I find the constitution being misused, I shall be the first to burn it “

~ Dr. [Link]

Among the distinguished personalities of Indian history

Babasaheb, is fondly appertained to as the “Father of the Indian

Constitution’”. His depth of knowledge of the worries commitment

To social justice, and futuristic thinking combined to mark him as

A crucial player in designing the frame leading to the commission

Of the people of modern India. Ambedkar was born in a Mahar

A lower estate also known to be Rejects by the upper caste

Community. Still, his curiosity to gain an education made him

Secure education awards that enabled him to study in India, the

United States of America, and the United Kingdom. During

His studies in the US, he pursued politics, business,

And administration which crowned in a doctorate in politics.

The Great Bharat Ratna DR. [Link] had attained B.A.,

M.A., PhD, [Link]., [Link]., Bar- at Law, LL.D., and [Link]. such

The advanced and loftiest degrees. Their degrees were like

The veritably seductive jeweled beautifiers of gold, which

Were growing the respect, glory, and quality of

The Shining Personality of Dr. Ambedkar.

His active life, noble personality, and great capability these

Characteristics ever good for writing with the golden letters, in

The useful history of the nation India of the entire world and

Of universal humanity. He used his knowledge to crop the

Most oral Dalit leader who w as campaigning against

Untouchability and order. Ambedkar had the

Political knowledge that led him to form the Independent Workers

Party, which intended to pulp for the rights of

The working class, particularly the tyrannized classes. Still, the

Drafting of the Indian Constitution marked the climax of

His part in the design of ultramodern India. While coming up with

The document, the nominated members of the Constituent

Assembly and gave accreditation to draft the

Indian constitution that was used to transform India into

A new nation. Ambedkar together with his knowledge of law,

Economics, and social justice morality led a platoon of

The stylish to draft the Indian constitution from which India

Is governed to date.

Babasaheb has plodded his whole life fighting against

The estate system in India. His lectures and jottings spotlighting

The demarcation faced by Dalits snappily established Ambedkar

As a public leader in social reform.

His knowledge and understanding of society appointed him

As president of the Drafting Commission, where he played one of

The most important places in drafting the Constitution.

The Indian Constitution is the foundation upon which the nation

Is developed. It’s the supreme law of India Outlines the

Government of India according to the Constitution’s rules and

Regulations. The Constitution establishes the frame for the Indian

Government, defining its structure and how these branches

Interact. The Constitution ensures and rights of all citizens,

Equivalency, freedom, and justice. It also outlines citizens’

Liabilities towards the Nation. The document lays out directives

For the government, promoting social weal and profitable

Development. The constitution was set up in 1949 and came into

Regulation in 1950, The Indian Constitution marked the birth of

The republic of India. It is one of the longest written constitutions

With 470 papers distributed across 25 corridors. These corridors

Claw into colorful governing aspects, from rights to power

Distribution between the central and state governments.

Babasaheb is known as the Father of the Indian Constitution due

To his necessary part in its drafting and architecture. In the

Constituent Assembly, Babasaheb played a significant part in

Taking responsibility for drafting the Constitution.

To prepare a constitution, Ambedkar completely studied the const

Itutions of 60 other nations, he examined the functioning of

A popular government on the base of stability and responsibility.

Still, in the Draft Constitution, he recommended that

The executive supervisor must have further responsibility for

Stability. As regards the character of the Constitution,

It was Civil in form and Unitary in Spirit ”.

It established a double polity with the Union at the center and

The states at the borderline, each has independent powers to be

Exercised in the field assigned to them singly by the Constitution.

His generality of federalism meant that the State was a federation

In normalcy, but unitary in emergency. In the draft Constitution,

DR. Ambedkar offered further powers to the center and made it

Strong. Some members of the constituent assembly criticized him

Because since Dr. Ambedkar supposed- the rights and values of

Each individual and the development of each terrain and each

Village, it was contrary on his part to make the center strong.

Justifying the vittles’ for a strong center not only to ‘ save

Minorities from the lawlessness of the maturity’ but also ‘for its

Only the center which can work for a common end and the

General interest of the country as a whole.’ In the Draft

Constitution, ‘ the fundamental Rights ‘ specified were justifiable

In the Court of Law. Of all the rights, Dr. Ambedkar observed ‘

Equality of Opportunity’ as the most important bone regarding

The indigenous remedies, he characterizes Composition 32 as the

Very soul of the constitution and the very heart of it. To him,

Fundamental rights would mean the establishment of equality

And liberty to reform our social system, which is so full of

Inequalities discrimination, and other which conflicts with our

Fundamental rights. The directives and principles of states

Towards its citizens. The directives were meant to ensure social

And profitable democracy which was secured by the vittles’ of

Fundamental rights in a written constitution. Ambedkar said

‘What is called Directive principles is simply another name for

Instruments of instructions to the council and the supervisor as

To how they should exercise their power.’

Ambedkar first aimed to ensure the representation of the people

Of slated castes when he joined the indigenous Assembly. Still,

They appointed him as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee.

Ambedkar strongly favored an executive form of government,

As observed in America, rather than the British model.

He also strengthened the central government to uphold the Union

Of States of India. Ambedkar favored a removable supervisor and

An executive form of government. He also believed that the

Constitution should include the Bill of Rights, predicated on the

American Declaration of Independence.

He established the fundamental rights of citizens of India

To abolish the inequalities present in the community. Dr

Ambedkar allowed the rights handed a standard of conduct that

The citizens should uphold.

He was also strongly in favor of including Article 17, which

Abolishes untouchability of any form from the country.

He pointed out that the Constitution establishes equality in the

Political sense. Still, he set up some crunches regarding social

And profitable fronts. In 1948, the Constitution of

India became one of the numerous written constitutions in

The world. It’s comprehensive and truly precisely articulated by

The Drafting Committee. Ambedkar’s generality of sovereignty and

Suzerainty of the Indian States, i.e., integration of

The native Indian Princely States which gave the shape to India as

Its moment, has indeed been prophetic. So also were his

Unambiguous and open views on what he called the

Biggest blunder

Of the Partition of India. Dr. Ambedkar advised his countrymen of

The Consequences of partition. His questioning of

The explanation of the hitch nation proposition which gave birth

To Pakistan was born of deep interest in and compassion for

His compatriots esp., the slated castes settled for centuries within

The territorial governance of the new notion of Pakistan. In

The Draft Constitution, Dr. Ambedkar specified single citizenship,

A single bar, and uniformity in fundamental Laws to

Integrate Indian society which wasn’t only divided into estate and
Class, but also into regions, persuasions, languages, traditions,

And societies. Therefore, a strong Centre was necessary to

Maintain territorial integrity and superintendent discipline. Still,

In the Draft Constitution, he suggested the acceptance of Hindi in

The ‘ nagiri’ script as the National Language of India. When

It was ultimately decided that India should be divided into India

And Pakistan, Dr. Ambedkar at that time demanded the division

Of Punjab and Bengal, and the homes to be added to India.

A pragmatist to the core, Ambedkar believed that in the absence

Of economic and social justice political independence would not

Bring about their social solidarity or, national integration. He

Advocated the abolition of privileges based on caste or status and

Vigorously fought for the liberty and dignity of the individual. At

The same time, he was equally forceful in his advocacy of the

Unity of the nation. Ambedkar sought to achieve their objectives

Through the constitution of India by incorporating in it the

Following principles

1) Making the Indian constitution workable, flexible enough, and

Strong enough to hold the country together both in peace and

War time.

(2) Providing special safeguards to the minorities and certain

Classes who are socially and educationally backward.

(3) Incorporating the principle of one man, one value, and one

Man, one vote. Thus, the constitution of India accepted one

Individual and net on the village as a unit.

(4) Incorporating exceptions and qualifications to the FRs while

Advocating, preventive detention and energy way powers of the

President of India.
(5) Abolishing untouchability and forced labor to achieve the ideal

Of “one man, one value, and one man, one vote’, and placing all

People equally before the law; securing equal protection of laws

For every citizen as also freedom of profession and equality of

Opportunity.

(6) Incorporating the right to constitutional remedies for making

The right real

Dr. Ambedkar always took active steps toward uplifting the

Country’s marginalized communities. This included leading

Movements that brought equal status to the people belonging to

Scheduled Castes. He also proposed a separate Dalit electorate,

Which M.K. Gandhi opposed. As a negotiation, the Poona Pact

Marked the first step towards the political upliftment of the

“depressed castes,” with its signing. He also included Articles 17

And 46 in the Constitution. Article 17 illegalises untouchability of

Any form from the country. He recognized that this does not give

Any active rights to the people. However, it was still a step

Towards bringing the condition of the marginalized community to

Equality.

Article 46 emphasizes the educational and economic upliftment

Of the Dalits and other marginalized sections. It provides

Reservations in educational institutions, employment places, etc.,

To reduce social and economic inequalities. He was also an

Advocate of entrepreneurship and industrialization for the

Economic upliftment of society. He wanted land reforms to

Distribute lands among the landless and backward castes of the

Community. His land reforms, economic guidelines, and

Establishment of the Tenancy Act are some of his outstanding

Achievements

Ambedkar faced various struggles during the drafting of the

Document. The first challenge was that he had to create an

Amalgam of the idealist and realist ideas of Nehru and Patel,

Respectively. Dr Ambedkar also had to draw clear solutions for

The debates on minority rights, federalism, etc.

Dr also faced challenges while trying to change the rigid social

Order in Indian society. He wanted to promote social justice and

Equality, for which different leaders had different ideas and

Viewpoints. He wanted to build a secular India that treats all its

Citizens as equals, which is a humongous task for a country as

Varied as India.

Ambedkar wrote the Indian constitution based on his Buddhist

Principles. He thus introduced the values of equality, liberty,

Justice, and fraternity in the Constitution. Ambedkar worked on

The Constitution for 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days after the

114 days of meetings held by the Drafting Committee. He kept at

Work even through his deteriorating health.

After the promulgation of the Constitution on January 26, 1950,

Ambedkar, returned to Bombay to recover his health. He

Acknowledged that the Constitution still had its limits. However,

Various essential parts of the documents, such as federalism,

Liberal democracy, and reforms for minorities, showcase the

Impact of the father of the Indian Constitution. A year later, in

1951, he resigned from the post of Law Minister because of

Differences in views of the government and his. Even after his

Death, his social reforms reflected the people of Scheduled Castes

And other minority communities.

Some other Notable personalities who also contributed to the

Making of the Indian constitution were Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

The first prime minister of India who made significant

Contributions to constitutional debates, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Who integrated princely states, invaluable in constitutional

Discussions, K.M. Munshi who was Lawyer, writer, politician, and

Had taken active participation in drafting the Constitution.

Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer was a Prominent lawyer, who made

Significant legal contributions to the Constitution.

N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar Drafted provisions for Jammu and

Kashmir’s special status. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, First

Minister of Education, contributed to education and cultural

Reforms. D.P. Khaitan, a Legal scholar, enriched constitutional

Discussions with his expertise. And many other people.

After independence, the government recognized Ambedkar’s

Instrumental role by naming him India’s first Union Law

Minister. He also laid important policy groundwork across roles –

From establishing guidelines that shaped the Reserve Bank of

India to championing labor reforms for the vulnerable as a

Member of the Viceroy’s Council. Ambedkar is rightly

Remembered as a transformative national leader due to his

Foundational impact spanning social justice, governance, and

Economics. Some of notable achievements other than drafting of

The constitution was Babasaheb advocating and leading social

Reforms towards improving the lives of Scheduled Castes and

Marginalized communities of India. He had set up political

Institutions for the representation of lower castes. These include

The Scheduled Castes Federation and the All India Scheduled

Castes Federation, Babasaheb was the first Dalit to acquire a

Doctorate in Economics from a foreign university and be

Appointed to essential government positions, including the Union

Law Minister of Independent India. He was actively involved in

Uplifting women’s social and economic conditions in society.

He was also the founder of institutions to promote education in

The society. These include the Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha and

The People’s Education Society. Later B.R. Ambedkar was

Awarded with Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1990.

Babasaheb is still considered a leader and idol by

Dalits, slated gentries, and the country’s

Marginalized communities.

He’s a strict religionist in social justice, equivalency,

And mortal rights, his ideas are still appertained to in political

And social debates. He encouraged numerous Dalits to convert to

Buddhism to find a religion that didn’t distinguish

Them. Also led the Navayana Movement to give spiritual sanctum

For the country’s marginalized communities. Babasaheb

Is considered one of the most essential numbers to have shaped

The testament of ultramodern India, his guidelines

And ideas on social, political, and profitable development are still

Famed “ Allowed provoking and instigative, his life is largely,

Instructional to everyone who yearns for mortal quality and

Equivalency in mortal relation in society. ” These words of one of

His Biographers describe Babasaheb of what he stood for and

What he achieved.

The formation of the constitution and the resulting social

upheaval were India’s biggest post

Independence milestones. It promoted social,

economic, and political change. It was perceived in

Many aspects as a kind of social revolution. Liberty, equality,

justice, and fraternity served as its

Guiding principles. This constitution helped to

maintain unity in diversity and weaved all elements of

Diverse society into a single thread. While forming

the constitution, notable intellectuals, scholars,

And leaders contributed significantly. In this

, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Sardar

Patel, and Pandit Nehru were in the lead. These leaders

had the goal of building a glorious and

Prosperous union of states. The core objective

was to set a political stage for the country, which had

Experienced slavery for a long period of time. To achieve

this, while constructing an ideal

Constitution, many factors have contributed

directly and indirectly. It is true that the Indian

Constitution was made after observing many constitutions

around the world. Hence, some critics call

It a “bag of borrowing”, “a patchwork” (Ayub, 2015) and others

criticized it as the ‘slavish imitation

Of the west’ (Basu, 2015). This is not entirely true

. There are many other native factors that helped in

Shaping this marvellous text, which we cannot neglect.

This paper intended to review all such

Factors which were important in framing the Constitution.

Evaluative and descriptive methods of

Research have been applied in this paper.

Framing of the Indian Constitution:

As per the recommendations of the British Cabinet Mission of

1945, the Constitution

Committee was established in 1946 to frame a constitution

for India (Pandey, 1979). The

Constitution Committee started its work on December 9,

1946, and completed it on November 26,

1949. This constitution came into effect on January 26,

1950. While framing the constitution, more

Than 60 constitutions around the world were studied by

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar who were the

Chairman of the Drafting Committee (Saini, 2019). Ideal

provisions of other constitutions around the

World were adopted with reasonable amendments.

Before accepting those provisions, they were

Tasted from the Indian perspective. Many of them

were modified to suit native environment of this

Land. The popular provisions like preamble, federal

structure, parliamentary form of government,

Fundamental rights and duties, directive principles,

amendment process, emergency and the other

Provisions regarding legislature, executive and

judiciary have been adopted from various part of the

World (Basu, 2015). By seeing the large presence

of those provisions in the constitution one might

Misunderstand that the Indian Constitution is nothing but a

bag of borrowing. But it will appear to be

Monotonous when seen from a microscopic point of view.

Indian constitution is not a constitution of

Only these provisions. It is not the provisions of any

constitution that make it big, but the framework

That accommodates the various provisions is the real

identity of that constitution. The framework in

Which these provisions are adopted clearly dictates the

uniqueness of the Indian Constitution. This

Framework is founded on the base of the great historical

legacy of this country. A large part of the

Constitution is directly based on the glorious legacy

of the [Link] social, cultural and political

Nature of this country had a long historical context.

Framers of the Indian Constitution were aware of

This fact. They framed the constitution in accordance

with this historical background. All These

Principles, from various sources, were adopted by

studying aspects such as Indian society and its

The historical background includes the ancient Indian society,

the impact of foreign invaders

And the changes and reforms, whether political or non-political,

brought about by the European,

Especially British, rulers in the modern era staged

a broad political background in the country. The

Following are the major features of the Indian Constitution that

set it apart from other constitutions

Around the world, as well as its historical context.

Influence of Ancient Indian Society on the Constitution:

The values of ancient India are still seemed to be the guiding

principles of modern India.

India’s glorious history dates back to ancient times and has a

significant impact on the country’s

Global image. Social, cultural and political values of ancient I

ndia provide a solid foundation for

Modern India. The noble philosophy that shaped the Indian

Constitution has its roots in ancient

Indian history. The philosophies reflected in the Preamble of

the Indian Constitution, the

Fundamental Rights, and the guiding principles of state policy

are revealed in the noble social life of

Ancient India. The principles of justice, liberty, equality, and

fraternity are associated with the Indian

Way of life in the period before AD. “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” is

a Sanskrit term for the teaching

Of brotherhood found in Hindu texts such as the ‘Maha Upanishad’, w

hich means “the whole world

Is one family” (Singh, 2019). Article 51 of the Indian Constitution

provides for peace and mutual

Cooperation with the international community. Along with this

, the five principles of Buddhism also

Teach universal humanism, world peace, and harmony

(Dr. Vivek Sharma, 2021). The coexistence of

Various religions on Indian soil is reflected in the principle of

secularism in the Constitution. The

Concept of religion was prevalent in ancient Indian society from

3000 BC to 1000 AD, i.e., the pre-Vedic

Period. Then “Dharma” was placed the above all. No one was above o

r superior to “Dharma.”

(Dalal, 2017) “Dharma” was considered the best principle

of the state. The concept of “Dharma”

Prevalent at that time was not like the caste-religion of modern

times. The concept of “Dharma” in

Ancient Indian society resembles with modern-day

democracy, representative government, rule of

Law, and the constitution (Mukherjee, 2010). Democracy and

limited government were both guiding

Principles. Also, the ‘Sabhas’ and ‘Samitis’ mentioned in

the ancient Rigveda and Atharva Veda

Were like modern-day bicameral legislatures (Elder, 2023). The

Aitareya Brahmana, Panini’s

Ashtadhyaya, Kautilya’s Arthasastra, Shanti Parva (Mahabharata),

Ashoka pillar inscriptions,

Manusmriti, Jain, and Buddhist literature all describe an ideal

republic (Satpathy).

The framers of the Indian Constitution were aware of India’s glorious

heritage. This is clearly

Evident from a perusal of the first copy of the Constitution adopted

by the Constituent Assembly. In

The original twenty-two chapters of the Constitution,

at their beginning, the first page was illustrated

With various works of art. Which provide a very interesting insight

. These images briefly describe

Various eras of Indian history (Kalra, 2020). The Constitution of

India classifies the history of India

Into distinct periods, including the Mohenjo-daro period, the

Vedic period, the epic period, the

Mahajanapada and Nanda periods, the Mauryan period, the

Gupta period, the mediaeval period, the

Muslim period, the British period, the Indian independence

movement, the revolutionary movement

For independence, etc. The illustrations included in the

body of the Constitution were not chosen arbitrarily,

Nor were they included merely to embellish the pages

of the Constitution. On the

Contrary, they are included to give a glimpse of

India’s ancient way of life and values (Kalra, 2020).

Which is also a strong basis for this constitution.

The framers of the Constitution were aware that the

Country’s Hindu heritage was linked to the spirit of the

Constitution, and the images chosen to

Represent the Muslim era also tell a similar story.

A scene of Akbar’s court is depicted with various

Provisions of the Union and States (About the Illustrative

Images on the Constitution of India, 2023).

The images of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Guru

Gobind Singh highlight the struggle against

Injustice and tyranny, tyranny and brutality, and show the

importance of a society based on freedom,

Equality, and justice (Choudhary, n.d.). The painting of

The Lord Rama and concept of ‘Ram Rajya

Highlights the spirit of human values (Tejasvi Surya, 2021). The ideals and ethos

of various religions

Do not dictate religious fanaticism but are civilizational values whose recognition

underlines a deep

Humanism and commitment to a religious way of life. They are noble values,
propagating the ancient

And glorious Indian way of life, whose relevance to the future of modern India’s
democratic polity is

Considered relevant. Ancient Indian society and its values undoubtedly provide a solid
foundation for

The modern-day constitution. Along with this, some other provisions of the Indian
Constitution can

Be traced back to British rule. While looking at the historical background of the Indian
Constitution,

It is important to refer to the ancient Indian society as well as the modern British era. In
fact, in

Modern India, the British have made a huge contribution to creating a system by fitting
the entire

Territory into a single political framework.

Influence of British Rule on Indian Constitution:

The Indian Constitution, which was drafted after independence, was largely based on
the

Political reforms brought about by the British in India. The British created a political
culture in India

Through the Regulating Act of 1773, Charters of 1833 and 1853, the Government of
British India Act

Of 1858, Council Acts from 1861 to 1909, the Government of British India Acts of 1919
and 1935

, and various British officials and their commissions tried to develop (Basu, 2015). Some
of these
Reforms were accepted by Indian society, while others forced the British to retreat.
Similar provisions

Were included in the Indian Constitution that were compatible with the local society
and way of life

. Many political reforms were introduced and adopted during British rule. This made
Indian citizens

Familiar with western political values and ideals. Out of these, the values and ideals
accepted and

Digested by the local society are found to be included in the constitution. Some of the
provisions of

The Indian Constitution that trace their origins to British rule are as follows: The
parliamentary

System of government is one of the major features of the Indian system of government,
The

Constitution of India chose the parliamentary form of government for the country from
among the

Presidential and parliamentary forms of government (Basu, 2015). This decision was
based on the

Historical background of the country. While deciding whether a presidential or

parliamentary system

Would be suitable for India, the Constitution framers preferred the parliamentary
system. Although

The structure of the country was federal like that of the US and Canada, the system of
government

Was based on the British parliamentary system. After independence, the nation
experienced a

Parliamentary system instead of a presidential system. During British rule, the rulers
adopted the

System of governance in the country along the lines of U.K. With the Regulating Act of
1773, the

British started to develop a political system in India, and in the later period, political
reforms were
Carried out step by step. This is why the parliamentary system was preferred and
introduced in the

Country after independence. This parliamentary system of government, which was

adopted after

Independence, was based on the experience of about 150 to 200 years of British rule. It
was not new

Or unfamiliar to Indians, nor was it experimental. It came from the historical legacy of
British rule

Continued to develop and strengthen in the country. Today, India is recognised as the
largest

Parliamentary system in the world. A parliamentary system of government based on

interrelationship

andinterdependence

Between the legislature and the executive was introduced in India by the Regulating Act
of 1773

(Basu, 2015). The Act established a four-member Governor General’s Council to assist
the Governor

General of Bengal. The Governor General of Bengal became the Governor General of
India under

The Charter Act of 1833 (Basu, 2015). Further, the legislative and executive functions of
this

Governor General’s Council were separated. The Charter Act of 1853 increased the
number of

Members of the Legislative Council, and henceforth the powers of the Legislative
Council expanded

Along with its membership (Basu, 2015). The Legislative Council was transformed into
the

Legislative Council. The British parliamentary system was slowly introduced to India
through the

Functioning of this legislature. This allowed Indian citizens to experience the

parliamentary system of

Governance. On this basis, after independence, the framers of the constitution could
have felt it
Logical to adopt this model. Another distinctive feature of the Indian Constitution worth
mentioning

Is federalism with unitary governance. Unitary and federal states are diametrically
opposed systems.

Unitary government

The centralization of power, while the federal system of government emphasises the

Decentralisation of power. While framing the Constitution, a question was raised while
making

Choice between federal and unitary government. Considering the ethnic, religious,
linguistic, cultural

, and regional differences of the country, federalism seemed to be a viable option. But
India’s

Constitution was not even confined to a tight federal mould like the US Constitution. As
a result,

depending on the situation and time, both unitary and federal aspects were considered
too

(Austin, 2016). The influence of the British India Government Act of 1935 can be seen
as well. During

British rule, the country experienced a unified system of governance. Also, the Act of
1935 divided

The power into two tiers, namely, the provinces and the centre (Basu, 2015). Later, after

independence, framers of the constitution preferred to continue with these federal

features. The

Panchayat Raj can be referred here as a good example of democratic decentralisation in

India

. Authority such as “Gramani” found in ancient Indian society and local level systems
are thought to

Be a microcosm of modern India’s local self-government bodies (Nagaraj, 2020).

In ancient society there existed local-level institutions like the Panchayat Raj of today.
The
British are credited with implementing these institutions in an organised and developed
form. Lord

Lytton’s policies and decisions in the 1870s gave rise to the Panchayat Raj movement in
India

(Basu, 2015). From the ideals and teachings of Mahatma Gandhi, the concept of
Panchayat Raj could take

Shape in a more developed form. Along with this, much of the Indian Constitution is
inspired by the

British India Government Act of 1935. But instead of taking it as it is, it has been
modified according

To local needs. The major provisions that were adopted in this act included provisions
like the federal

Concept, the post of governor, the single judiciary, the public service commission, the
provision of

Emergency, the division of powers between the centre and constituent states, etc

Babasaheb Dr. Ambedkar was one of the original pioneer figures who was assigned the
arduous task

toDraft the Indian Constitution because of his proficiency in legal jurisprudence. He

was a constitutional

expert (and a constitutionalist) at par with stalwarts dominating the international field of
such [Link]

was deeply committed to democratic modes of resolving socio-political discords. He

understood

democracy to be a political association of equal and free citizens defining itself in the
times to come. Hewas

committed to designing democratic institutions for the new India. Apart from Dr.
Ambedkar, six other

members of the committee to Draft aided to delineate our Constitution. They laid down
the basic principles

of basic political code, structure, procedure, powers, and duties of constitutional

pieces [Link]
thisvein,asa
Chairman,[Link],
andthus it was

his intervention in almost every debate. Methodology:

This article seeks to give a holistic purview of Babasaheb Dr. Ambedkar‟s role in Nation
Building.

[Link]
t andhumane society

Along with the process of social upliftment of the poorest of the poor through
[Link] articleis

Compiled through secondary data analysis of available books, journals,government

websites, newspapers

And articles to develop aneoteric understanding of the towering

Intellectual figure of Babasaheb Dr. Ambedkar. Furthermore, content analysis of the

secondary data wa sem

Ployed to interpret and code all realistic conclusions fromal the available sources. This
is the very

first role that comes synonymous with the name of Dr. Ambedkar. Dr.
Ambedkar’sspeechgalvanised masses

from all sections of Indian society and was very insightful with proper

rationale and was conscientiously researched(Rodrigues,2002).This created an aura

around him that was

appreciated and respected by the other members of the assembly who consented to
him leading the

Drafting Committee. His knowledge of jurisprudence and various constitutions of

different countries was

Very beneficial in outlining the Constitution in two years, eleven months,and eighteen
days(Laxmikanth, 2016).

He was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly. Indue
course of this

Total time period, it held eleven sessions covering around 165 days. In this
context,about114 days were spent
On the consideration of the Draft Constitution of India(Laxmikanth, 2016).For all his
efforts as the Chief of the

Committee to Draft and his defence presented towards the Constitution,he is often
regarded as a “chief

Architect” of the Indian Constitution. For such a feat he was belatedly awarded Bharat
Ratna in the year

1990(Ahir, 1990). He is,in the truest sense,one of the founding fathers who laid the
foundation of liberal

Democracy in the country. Therefore, he is the maker and conscience-keeper of India1.

Furthermore, his

Ideas planted the seed of expectation towards the state for ensuring welfare measures
in the interest of

Weaker sections of society for their empowerment which is evident in all bills and acts
passed in the

Parliament of India. Building a just Society:

His second role was based on his own principle of annihilation of caste and building a
just society for all. The

Poona Pact (1932) between Gandhiji and Ambedkar guaranteed a neutral simulacrum of
the so-
calleduntouchables(lowerclasses)inthepublicserviceswhileallottingasliceoftheeducati
onalscholarshipfortheir

Elevationinsocialrank(Omvedt,2017).His encouragement for voting rights safe guarded

that woman had the

Right to vote right after freedom from the British Raj. Furthermore,as the Chairman of
the Constitution’s

Drafting committee, he placed distinct weightage on the already present western

notions of dignity, unity

, freedom, and rights for all citizens. The date November 25,1949,where in our
Constitution was

Implemented,[Link]
cyandnotmerelyapolit

[Link] opened that”social democracy is away of life which recognises

liberty, equality and
Fraternity a state principles of life”(Ambedkar, 1979).As per Dr. Ambedkar,
constitutional morality can only be

Realised through an administration that is in confluence with the spirit of the

Constitution and through

Inculcating the constitutional ethos among the populace, by defeating the social evils
such as casteism,

bigotry,patriarchal mindset and so [Link] following the constitutional

authorities,earlier dynamics of

Revolutionary andextra-judicial methods need to be discarded,as they represent “the

grammar of an

Archy”in the purview of [Link] order to further the maxims of the

Constitution,our country requires

Strong and credible institutions to maintain the checks and balances, so that the power
is not centralised

Around one figure. The strengthening of institutions is essential to prevent the creation
of an authoritative

Regime, one which is driven by the notions of hero-worship, which Dr. Ambedkar
strongly warned against in

His seminal speech to the Constituent Assembly. In this vein, one of the towering
bodies created by our

Constitution is the Indian judicial system which acts as one of the three central pillars
of our democracy.

And, constitutional morality is often invoked by the judiciary to strike down laws which
are in violation of

Fundamental rights such as the criminalisation of same-sex relation sort treatment of

wife as husband”

schattel and soon. Moreover, Dr Ambedkar encouraged the process of social

equitability and social

justice in every field such

As socio-economic,political and [Link] considered that social justice intended the

highest amount of

Cheerfulness to the highest number of individuals. As per him, in the case of India,
where the social order is
Alienated on the foundation of caste, religion, language, and other influences, a shared
moral compass is

The need of the hour, and the supreme law of the land can play a significant role in the
functioning of that

Compass effortlessly(Rodrigues, 2002). Distinguished Economist. His third role as a

distinguished

economist shaped the contours of the Indian economy. [Link]

The first individual of Indian origin to receive a degree titled Doctor of Philosophy in
Economics from a

Foreign university. He earned doctorates both from Columbia University (National

dividend of India: a history

And analytical study [1916]) and the London School of Economics (The Problem of
Rupee:its origin and its

Solution[1923])(Prakash,1992).This was truly a feat which is still unimaginable for a

person to accomplish

Even in modern times. Nevertheless, Dr. Ambedkar developed a pragmatic view on the
relative ability

of the state and the market to

Achieve social, political and economic justice. The turn to market-oriented reforms in
India and elsewhere

Poses new challenges to the social vision that Dr. Ambedkar bestowed. His PhD
thesis”The Problem of the

Rupee: Its Origin and Its Solution” aided in the conceptualisation of the Hilton Young
Commission on Indian

Currency and Finance (1926). This commission was directed towards the formation of
the Reserve Bank of

India (1935) through the RBI Act,19342. Furthermore, he was also one of the initiators of
constituting

Employment Exchanges in our country. All of these facts added respect,glory and
dignity to the illustrious

Personality of Dr. Ambedkar. Role in Water Resources Development:

The fourth role propagated by Dr. Ambedkar aided in constituting the Central Water
Irrigation and Navigation
Commission in our country. This was primarily done by establishing the river valley
ventures such as the

Damodar River Valley Project, the Sone River Valley Project, the Mahanadi ( Hirakud
Project), and

Soon(Thorat, 1998).All of the aforesaid projects were his brain child.

In his initial childhood days, he was stopped from drinking water from public wells. So
he constituted these

Bodies to effectively ensure drinking water for all. He was also responsible for
introducing the Power and

Water policy and providing a role to the Union government in the two key sectors. He
brought the

Production of electricity under the control of the government. Furthermore, acts such
as Inter-State Water

Dispute Act,1956,and the River Board Act,1956 stemmed from Babasaheb’s

farsightedness on such issues.

In this vein, Dr. Ambedkar can be also called the father of the democratisation of water
bodies for all the

Indian populaces. Role as a Labour Leader:

His fifth role as a Labour Leader can be evidently seen through his act of being a
champion of the Dalit

Cause. His speeches moved and empowered masses from the marginalised classes on
every international

And national [Link] their spokes person at the Round Table Conference,he
advocated the issues related

To labourers and enhanced peasants’ [Link] was appointed as a participant of the

Bombay Assembly.

Ambedkar condemned the summary of the Industrial Disputes Bill, 1937, as it detached
the workers’ right to

[Link] a labour participant, he supported promoting “fair condition of life of

labour”,an alternative to

Securing “fair condition of work” which became the rudimentary outline of the
futuregovernment’s labour
[Link] the political context, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar fashioned the Independent Labour Party
(ILP), in August

1936 which secured 13 seats out of 15 seats held in reserve for Dalits in the Bombay
Assembly. In 1937, the

Slogan “Jai Bhim” was first introduced by Babu L.N. Hadras of the ILP from Nagpur.
Moreover,India was

one of the forerunners who started thinking about instituting just and fair conditions for

Workers, herein [Link] successfully led the struggle for reducing working hours
from 12 to 8 hours in

The year 1942. After Independence from British Raj in 1947, to overcome the problem of
the agrarian crisis,

he highlighted the need for nationalisation of land and the concept of public sector
industries(Meghwal, 2020).

His commitment to labour rights is explicitly present under article 19(c) which
guarantees the

Fundamental right to form associations or unions. In similar veins, in the current

context, most of the labour

Laws practised in India now were outlined by Dr. Ambedkar, in the interest of the
working class, when he was

Union Labour Minister. Vision for India’s Agricultural Crisis:

His sixth role can be observed through his actions of envisioning the upliftment of the
agrarian class.

Hiscomposition”Small Holdings in India and their Remedies (1918)” anticipated

industrialisation as the

Riposted to India’s farming-relate disuses (and even the class problem)and is still
pertinent to current

[Link] as a member of the Cabinet and committed to the principle

of collective

Responsibility worked hard on the draft of the First Amendment [which was the source
of modification in

Article 31 (right to property) and enabled restrictions to be placed on Article 19 (right to

free speech)]. He
Was the first law maker in the country to announce a Bill for eliminating the vassal age
of agrarian renters,

i.e.,the Land Ceiling Act after Independence. Role in Ensuring Gender Parity:

His seventh role was in ensuring gender parity amongst the rural and urban masses. He
was one of the

Most prominent voices of women’s empowerment wherein in his first paper (1916), Dr.
Ambedkar

Elucidated the role of women in the Indian society. In this vein,[Link] noted that
women in

Ancient times held a higher position, but a paradigmatic shift led by a patriarchal state
of mind perpetrated

By the doctrines of Manusmriti inoculated these newer dynamics. So, newer changes
which led to the

Decline caused prohibition in the educational sphere, property and so on. Dr. Ambedkar
initiated pragmatic

reforms for the lessening of working hours to 48 hours per week,thereby

Removing the embargo on the engagement of women folks in various forms of

[Link], numerous

provisions such as overtime, paid leave, and minimum wage was [Link] also
aided in

Founding the code of”equal pay for equal work”not withstanding gender and
parenthood reimbursements

. His support of the Hindu Code Bill was a watershed moment in his life which was
towards

Upgradingwomen’spredicament by giving them the basic right to adopt and

[Link], all detached

Parties from the right united to defeat the bill as well as to denigrate and attack Dr.
Ambedkar personally. In

Due course, when Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru himself withdrew support from the bill due
to political

Expediency,[Link] resigned from the Cabinet. Role as a Social Reformer

[Link] established the
Bahishkrit Hitakarini

Sabha in 1924. His active role in Mahad satyagraha, wherein Dr. Ambedkar and his
cohorts went to quench

Their thirst from the water of the Chavdar tank of Mahadon March20,1927(Omvedt,
2017).This was done to

Reinforce the Bole Resolution of 1923. Apart from this Anti-Khoti movement was also an
important part of his

Activism. In another related landmark event, [Link] publicly burned the Manu-
smriti. He also

Launched the newspaper Bahiskrit Bharat, where the term “Dalit” began to gain traction
against the term

“Harijan” introduced by Mahatma Gandhi. Here versed traditional norms followed in the
society and

re- established new norms for the upliftment of marginalised peoples. This makes him
truly a social reformer, or

We can even call him a “traditional reformer”.The term “traditional reformer” herein
signifies his efforts to

Alter the hegemonic traditions perpetuated by the upper castes on the lower castes
through the application

Of ancient customs and social norms/mores. Later in his life,Dr. Ambedkar , with
numerous supporters,

converted to Buddhism after scrupulously

Studying the [Link] re-affirmed the tenets of Buddhism in the language

of social [Link]

Was widely referred to popularly as the Dalit Buddhist movement,Navayana,or Neo-

Buddhism

(Zelliot,2013).In1954,at the Jagatik Buddhism Council in

Kathmandu(Nepal),[Link] was conferred the

Title of Bodhisattva. In 1955, he instituted the Bhartiya Buddha Mahasabha and, in

1956, finished his

Concluding work, i.e., “The Buddha and His Dhamma (1957)”.Dr. Ambedkar lastly
observed to the Sangha
Rakshita, the head of the Western Buddhist Order that “there is still so much tobe
done…..so much to be

Done”(Sangha rakshita, 1986). Constitutional provisions brought in by

[Link] of the

significant provisions brought forward by

Dr. Ambedkar in the Indian constitutional values are as follows:

He promoted the federal nature of the state. In this context, he said that he modeled the
centre to be strong

Not only to “save minorities from the misrule of the majority” but also “for it is only the
centre which can work

For a common end and for the general interests of the country as a whole”
(Ambedkar,1979).

Providing special safeguards to the minorities and certain classes who are socially and
educationally

Backward ;Incorporating the principle of one man, one value, and one man, one vote
through adult

Suffrage,i.e.,voting; Integrating exceptions and qualifications to the Fundamental Rights

(Part-III) while

Advocating measures such as preventive detention(Article-22) and powers of the

president of India

(Article- 53); Abolishing untouchability (Article-17) and forced labour (Article-23), which
would secure the equal

Fortification of laws for every citizen as also independence of profession and equality of
opportunity; and

Incorporating the right to constitutional remedies (Article-32) for making the right
tangible. As per

Ambedkar, this article was the”heart and soul of the Indian constitution”(Ambedkar,
1979). Relevance

of Ambedkar in Present Times :

Continuing Inequalities in India:The 2020 Oxfam inequality index positioned India at

rank 151 in terms of
Workers’ rights and 129 out of 158 countries(Nath, 2021). However, this index has not
taken into

Consideration the four new labour codes in India, which were framed keeping in mind
the

viewsofDr.B.R. Ambedkar. Continuing Caste-Based Disparities: Dalits have attained a

political identity by positive

Confirmatory actions of the nation-state such as reservation or forming their own

political parties, a

nd so on. But they are still trailing behind in various social scopes (health and
education)and economic scopes

(income and assets). Faltering legislations:Legislations such as the Prevention of

Atrocities Act were put in place. But as per the

NCRB data crime rates are still all-time high. There was a serious deficit in proper
implementation at

Thegrass-rootlevels which made such legislation like a toothless tiger. Pro-People

Strategies:Babasaheb’s intellect and endowment are echoed in the pro-people, pro-

poor

Welfare policies and programmes of the Republic of [Link] such cases,schemes such
as Mahatma Gandhi

National Rural Employee Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), Micro Units Development

and Refinance Agency

(MUDRA) Bank, Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman Yojana (PM-POSHAN),Stand-Up

India are aiding the

SC and ST community. All of these are the government’s stead fast pledge to realise the
dreams of

Babasaheb [Link](Meghwal, 2020). Conclusion:

All of the eight-fold roles played by Babasaheb greatly aided in the process of Nation
Building and brought

Us to the juncture of India 2.0 which is fuelled by the spirit of Atmanir bharta. His role in
the national

Integration plan was undoubtedly to consolidate Indian society which was alienated
into
Castes,[Link]
ans,[Link]

Spent his lifetime towards the upliftment of the poorest of the poor and reforming
ourpopulace’s mindset.

This can be emancipated to be partially successful due to the growing base of

marginalised individuals

Realising their status and uplifting themselves from such dire straits. Nonetheless, in
the current context,

India faces numerous socio-economic issues such as caste-baseddiscrimination,

intolerance against other

Religions, secessionism, gender disparity, etc. This is fuelled by multiples take holders
participating in fear-

mongering politics. The Indian Constitution is a testament to the spirit of the Indian
people. It is a marvellous

Text that reflects their aspirations, their hopes, and their dreams. It is a truly remarkable
document,

covering everything from the definition of citizenship to the rights and duties of citizens.
It is a

Testament to India’s unique civil culture and has been instrumental in shaping the
country’s political

Landscape. The Constitution embodies the ideals of equality, justice, and brotherhood,
which are

Crucial for a thriving [Link] has brought about a social revolution that has
transformed India

Into a more just and equitable society. The Constitution has enabled people from all
walks of life to

Come together and work towards a common goal of progress and [Link] to
popular

Belief, the Indian Constitution is not a mere patchwork of borrowed provisions. Rather, it
is a unique

Framework that has been constructed based on India’s ancient and noble values. The
Constitution
Reflects the country’s rich cultural heritage, which includes diverse religious and
philosophical

Traditions.A historical analysis of the Constitution’s provisions will reveal the depth and
uniqueness

Of the Indian Constitution.