Centre Wo: 0002 AFFILIATION AND EXAMINATION UNIT OF HEALTH SCIENCES UNZA EINAL EXAMINATIONS FOR DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH TECHNOLOGY [EMPC 312: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND POLLUTION CONTRO! DATE: MARCH202 TIME, 09.00 12.00 HOURS Candidate's Examination Number Candidate's NRC Number Examination Centre [INSTRUCTIONS 10 CANDIDATES Cheek that you have the correct examination paper in fror ‘There are FIVE (5) sections ia this paper, A, B, C, D and E Read the instructions veryca teach seetion before attempting to answer. Ta quertions must beanssred onthe examination answer booklet provited on aaeerown the npaiber of the qustions that you have answered on the cover of (he examination answer booklet. Na books, les peeiechanical ais are permitted inthe examination roam. one hal bono form of communication between students during the examinasion. Any student caught doing this will be disqualified CELLBHONES & PROGRAMMABLE CALCULATORS ARE NOT ALLOWED IN THE EXAMINATION ROOM po NOP TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOUARE TOLD TO DOSO BY THE INVIGILATORCentre No: 0002 SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS) ‘© There are thirty (30) questions in this section ‘¢ Answer ALL questions in this se 1. During the EIA process, the team under the guidance of the coordinator identifies all the possible cavronmental impacts of the project. What is the name given to the process of Identifying Potentia! Impacts? {2} Baseline study (b| Mitigation stage (c) Preliminary study (6) Scoping Which one(s) of the following give the best understanding of the lawof the’ minimum? (@) Popalation cannot grow indefinitely (€) Population is dependent on the carrying capacity of the environment (© At any given time, population growih is determiried bythe balance of abiotic and biotic factors (4) Redvetion and growth factors are important demains in an ecosystem (© Allofthe above ‘The method that manufactures can“ use to redesign manufacturing processes in order to climinate or reduce hazardous sfast is referred to 2s (@) Desp injection wells () Detoxification and stailization (© Process manipttation (@) Recycling and re-use option ‘whyid @lean environment regarded as a scarce reso G@)itis labour intensive (6) Itrequites a lot of waste collectors (©) It requires factors of production (@ It requires huge investmentcentre No: 0002 nissions of CFCS? +. which ofthe fotowing bas been most Ae wp reducing Worl Improved techmologies i the development of electic oa a) Aid programmes to developing cOuriTeS 1 agreements by member stats ¢p) Domeatisation of internation (@ lnteratinal agreements ieTuding 8 ‘Montreal Protoecl (@ Paicies to minimize the combustion of fossil fuels «6, im 1987 in Montreal city of Canada & convertion was organized m which ¢8 iptémnational agreement was signed krown 38" roatrcal Procol” whi was mage SA idm" January 1989. What was the Focus of this convention? the imnpoiation, EMEDIEE a ES of (Te provide legal amework Fr the regulat flammable oils and igus forthe protection OF snd the the public pevoleum and othe it environment (eyTo provide legal fomewort forthe retcton of public WOE rom SHPRES arising from the use of Nuclear Reactors and dione! of spent nusieanfuels gunrmember coutres In order 9 foster {oT provide # legs! tamer investment ‘economic growth and prevent poverty qo cat emissions of CFCS by 35% ¥7 ‘a0)0 gp Dider to protest Ozone SEPICO® 4, Chlorinated hyrocurbons at SO SSS commonly ised pestckes: Which 0° of the allowing ae good exarnples of ilerinated hydrocarbons? (@) DDT and Dieldrin (eyReskol 64 (@Sevin and Zextion (azine phospiide 8. In polluti control, there are‘ nunber of control measures WHR C82 bbe adopted alone, oF in conbiinton with other methods 0 preven or minimize the exposure (© risk. Which one of the taminanis in a work environment? sahara rule(s) can be wsed 1° reduce / minimize arbor: {@) Adopt wet or vacwum prosesse® instead of compressed ai 10 miimize ‘ne creation of dust “wile removing lose dust or sand in ME mold making method. (¢) Shut in major emission pois such as conveyor belt transfer a¥eAs: (e) Set canopy hoods near the d°ors ‘of fumace and the tapping outlets (0 S122 contaminants and direst them through an emission regulation system (@) Allofthe above are corrertcentre No 0002 9 Biological control is useful because i. {@) Can destroy an alien plant infestation or reduce # Po pletion numbers (b) Usually atacks all plant species {) Usually atacks all usefl micro-organisms (4 Usvally originates in the country wiere the aon plant ESTO? ndigenous vegetation Which on of he following Is nota parameter of sil pollution? (@) Aerosol () Pesticides (© Sewage (@ Solid waste _smog as a pollutant isa mixture of fog and smoke and produgde ap snospherie phenomenon “wvere dust, smoke and other dry particles obscure ce cli Spike Sey. What isthe name given to this atmospheric phenomenon? (@) Atmospheric dust cloud (by Atmospheric fly ash (©) Atmospheric haze (a) Atmospheric oxides ro ensure that the water supped bY 2 public water SYS uility, such as Lusaka Water Supply and Senitaton, [Link] health reqicemens for human consumption, the weter system operator must fegulay: (ay Test the water af hy ners water testing aboraion (¢) Determingasbpling schedule based on he lbornion § recommendations (@ Send water Samples to te Public Heath Laboratory (Food and Drugs) at UTH ay Peony Count the mrber of eve welln He HEM pita one ofthe following is ot categorized ws secondary air pollutane? (@) Nitrogen dioxide (b) Ozone (©) Peroxy/ acetyl nitrate (4) Photochemical smogcontre No: 0002 14. Which one of the folowing ie @ major air polluat gas produced by the combustion of fuels ike coal? {a) Hydrogen chloride (b) Nitrogen dioxide (© Carbon monoxide (@ Sulphur dioxide 15: Livestock s one of the environmen cause of global warming. Whish one of the O)Qing gases is a ereenhouse gos and produced from livesiock? (@) Carbon dioxide (CO:) (b) Man-inade ehlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (©) Methane (CH) (@ Nitrous oxide 16. Ozone gas near the earth surface (phot toxk) is harmful as [Link] skin cancer and other dioes. In the stratosphere ozone absorts the ufravilet porn of the soar radiation which f ‘very much harmful to human beings. Which one ofthe pitts is not responsible for the depletion of stratospheris ozone? (@) Chlorine (©) Hydrogen sulphide (© Hydroxy! fon (@ Nitric oxide 17 Extomal aiation by 0 pane pens no direct health navard because eve the most enerss are sapped by the ep ayer of skin and rarely reach more sensitive Iyer. Which one of the following radiodeliye material has no direct impact on public health? (@ Alpha radiation () Beta raatioa (6) Galina radiation (@)Pigns radiation 1: the arbome contaminants in foundries are generally released rom diffzent sources. Which cone among the following is the correct source? (a) Emissions from stoves and heaters (b) Pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture (e) Preparation of scrap using heat and solvent degreascrs (@) Road construction worksCentre No: C002 19, When ionizing radiation causes damage tothe DNA (mutations) in male + female reproductive germ cells that damage can be passed on to the next Beneralon What is the name given to this effect? {a} Genetic effects of radiation (©) Germ effects of radiation (c) Matative effects of radiation (@) Somatic effects of radiation 0. The depletion ofthe ozone layer is caused mainly by the inerease 9 emissions Of different ases, Which one among the following is not among the Hass responsible for. depletion of ‘ozone layer? (@) Carbon tetrachloride {&) Chorofluorocartons (CFCs) (©) Methyl bromide (@) Radon 21, Salts are normal in the soi, but if they are pesees <3 S778 they become toxic to plant and imal lf, Which ofthe follosing statements fines alkalizaion of sil? (@) The aecumlation of exchangeable ssom inthe so (6) The concentration of soluble sli the sit (© The filterabilty of soil inthe se (The intrusion of salts ine water afers in te soil 232, Which ofthe following taugbents accurately defines secondary pollutants? (e) These are fugillve pellutans that are ciicltto identify their origin (by These ae plans tha are aways found in suspension and rarely agglomerates (@) These de pollutants that are emited diresty from identifiable sources such as industries (4) Bese Be pollutants that are produced inthe air by the interaction of two o more primary air pollutants 25, Which ofthe following sux material snot considered 9 Bs 2 pollutant? (@When the aerosol panicles undergo agglomeration and settles tothe ground () When the aerosol particles whether igor sk) frm ars suspension {(@When the aerosol particles are dispersed ftom ene dists\ 10 another thereby undergoing process of dilution (6) When serosol particles reach te diameter of 190 micron and more 6Centre No: 0002 28, Which of the following Drojects will require environmental impact assessment fo be conducted before its implementation? (a) Designing of new townships covering 700 housing units er more (®) Kanakantapa resettlement scheme (©) Urban area rehabilitation (4) Water transport on Lake Kariba 29. Which one of the following is NOT a diffuse source of pollution? (@) Agricultural runoff (b) Automobiles (©) Cement dust from Lafarge industry (@) Sewage leakage 30. The significant root causes of environmental pollution include, on&of more of the following (@) Burden of ever-growing population, globe warning aiid ecid rain (b) Industria! pollution, Acid rain and climate change (€) Industrial pollution, burden of ever-growing ‘population and over use of agricultural chemicals, (@ Only () and (6) are correctCentre No: 0002 10, CTION B: TRUE + There are ten (10) questions in this sect + Answer FALSE QUESTIONS (10 MARKS) ALL questions in this secti Circle best answer of your choice ‘When polar ice caps and glaciers melt due to global warming, tonnes of COs is unlocked TRUE or FALSE A Treaty i intemational agreeme concluded between States in written form and governed by intemational lay. TRUE or FALSE The lammbard voeal response is as a result of noise pollution, TRUE or FALSE. Much of the impetus for comprehensive and holistic environmental edieaiion comes from Agenda 21, adopied at the Rio Conference in 1992, TRUE or FALSE Pollutants that are absorbed by water called hydrophilic substance, TRUE or FALSE Increasing use of fossil fuel means lowerin; FALSE greenhouse gas emissions. TRUE or Increasing concentration of the synthetic chemicals known a chloflorocerbons (CFCs) reduces the depletion of czone layer. TRUE or FALSE When radon infiltrates into ground water,it(@an be dotected and classified es @ chemical Parameter during water quality surveillance, TRUE or FALSE. Sustainable agriculture is a response’aiaeal st maximizing the use of external inputs such as pesticides and fertilizers, TRUE of FALSE, Synthetic fertilizers and orgéniéTenilizers are sources of nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas ‘TRUE or FALSECentre No: 0002 SECTION C; MATCHING QUESTIONS (10 MARKS) There are TEN (10) questions in this section, j * Match the number of the description with the correct letter of the elen attached grid at the end of the paper. onthe [No | Description hh ae Element i | Asingle exposure toa toe nbaianes Gat roils vere X Absorption, |_| biological harm or death The variety and variability among living organisms and the B. Habitat capability | |__| eeosystems in which they occur [3 [he process by which a compound ier «din concentration over ['G Adsorption time, through adsorption, degradation, dilution, or transformation {4A process that evaluates the likelihood that adverse ecological, \,.| D. Acute exposure cffects may occur or ae occurting asa result of exposure to One oF more stressors Se aera neeram pride tads |B Eade | |@ | Adhesion of molecules of gas, liquid, or dissoiveu'solids 10 a surface | F. Benthic fauna 7 | One or more substances released to the water, air or soil in the G. Attenuation natural environment ig ae oR aque Kania ren mon |i Emision bottom sediments ofa water body 0S || operation in which ofe of more soluble components ofa gas mixture | assessment, ae dissolved in igh. 7 Sori ot arate sper eG [Jo OS | | fish, or sensitive plant population | Compounds 10Centre No: 0002 SECTION D: SHORT ANSW ER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS) + There are six (6) questions in this section, * Each question carries five (5) m: ks * Answer all the questions from this section Use your answer booklet to answer questions from this section, | Write short notes on depletion of ozone layer - Explain the link between greenhouse gases and global warming, Write short explanatory notes under the following headings: (2) Oxygen demanding waste. (2.5 marks) (b) Agricultural waste and chemicals. (2.5 marks) . Briefly describe point sources and non-point sources of pollution by giving examples. marks) . Explain the meaning of ‘Decision letter’ as provided for in thé Statutbry Instrument (SI) No 28, (S marks) Explain by giving examples the difference betweenstationary air pollutants and mobile air pollutants, (5 marks)Centre No: 0002 SECTION E: ESSAY QUESTIONS (20 MARKS) * There are FOUR (4) questions in this section + Answer any two (2) of the questions from this section ‘* Each question should be answered in the answer booklet pro + Each question carries 10 marks. 1. Unpolluted air is a concept of what the it would be if humans and their works were not on earth, and if the ait were not polluted by natural point sources such as vole fires. Clearly categorize the components of dry air by volume (% volume); showing the difference between tropospheric Ozone and stratospheric Ozone. (10 Marks) . Environmental monitoring is one of the major components in achieving the objectives of prevention and control environmental and industrial pollution. Explain) precisely what is ‘meant by ‘Environmental Monitoring’, Hence discuss fiver(3)pareds of environmental ‘monitoring, (10 marks) ‘As an Environmental Health Practitioner in a rural catchment area where biomass fucl is used ‘es energy for cooking; what preventive and control measures would you advise households to undertake in order to mitigate indoor air pollution’? (10 marks) Acid rain is a pollutant that deyaStates the esosystems causing damage to forests, aquatic life and 10 objects such as building? and statues. Acid rain can also afféet public health if water sources such as a riyer/dim gr shallow and unprotected wells are polluted, (@) Explain what iment by ‘Acid rain’, hence outline the sources of acid rain and explain how acid rain forined in the atmosphere. (7 marks) (b) State the Iactors that facilitate the acid rain to be washed out of the atmosphere and reach thie Surface of the carth, thus polluting the water resources and the soil. @ marks) END OF EXAMINATION