THE INFLUENCE OF CHATGPT: AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS

IN GADDANI NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Jun D. Del Rosario

Edmar A. Canillo
Cance Pearl Jhayem T. Dauz
Shaila A. Baqueriza
Wendell P. Bacay
 October 2024
Chapter 1

The Problem

Background of the Study

In today’s age, technologies have become more advanced due to the continuous

progression of our society. New technological devices and machines are created and developed

day by day and it's all thanks to modern tools and machinery. And as such new ideas and brilliant

inventions arise from the development of our society. And one of those brilliant inventions is

called Artificial Intelligence and Al for short. Artificial Intelligence has become a very big part

of our society. The ability of Artificial Intelligence to perform task that typically require human

intelligence has proved to be useful in our society.

There is an Artificial Intelligence that has gained significant attention from many due to its

remarkable ability to generate responses similar to us humans and its accessibility for a broad

audience. ChatGPT has now become a major part of our society, being used for Customer

support and services, Marketing and even programming. ChatGPT was developed by OpenAI,

OpenAI was founded and given the mission where Artificial Intelligence shall benefit all of

humanity. ChatGPT stands out due to its ability to generate human-like responses, and has

resulted in an increase of interests on its potential use for education.

 Due to Covid-19, the adoption of the artificial intelligence and technology towards

education was accelerated and laid the foundation for Artificial Intelligence with the likes of

ChatGPT to be later accepted for education. Another part of our society that was affected by the

appearance of ChatGPT is education. There are many benefits that Artificial Intelligence can

give, but there may also be many side effects of using it that may arise like the potential risk of

abuse by the students and it is the researchers duty to find out what are the influences of

ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence on the academic performance of students.

According to a study by (ISTE, 2023) found that AI-powered tools can enhance student

engagement, personalize learning experiences, and provide individualized feedback, potentially

leading to improved academic outcome. However, the study also highlighted concerns about the

potential for AI tools to be misused for plagiarism, cheating, and the development of superficial

understanding among students (ISTE, 2023)

According to (Gabriel Julien, 2024) since artificial intelligence (AI) is extensively used in

the field of education, it presents various opportunities in teaching and learning. In education, AI

is chiefly used to impart knowledge, stimulate comprehension, heighten intelligence, and is

treasured as support in learning. It is also instrumental in empowering and inspiring students.

The emergence of AI also has a positive impact on inclusive education. Because these

technologies can potentially transform teaching and learning, it is important to understand how

they can be used to further support inclusive education. The emergence of artificial intelligence

(AI) influences almost every facet of education and is also accepted and valued by educators

(Chen et al., 2020; Hwang et al., 2020).

 In the realm of advanced language models, OpenAI’s Generative Pre-trained Transformer

(GPT) has emerged as a ground-breaking tool that has begun to make significant strides in

numerous disciplines (Biswas et al., 2023). Education, in particular, has become a fertile ground

for this innovation (Kasneci et al., 2023). A standout instance is ChatGPT, the latest iteration of

this transformative technology, which has been rapidly adopted by a large segment of university

students across the globe (Rudolph et al., 2023). At its core, ChatGPT is armed with the ability to

produce cohesive, contextually appropriate responses predicated on preceding dialogues,

providing an interactive medium akin to human conversation (King & ChatGPT, 2023). This

interactive capacity of ChatGPT has the potential to significantly restructure the educational

landscape, altering the way students absorb, interact, and engage with academic content (Fauzi et

al., 2023). Beyond its conversational abilities, ChatGPT’s capacity to learn from past interactions

enables it to refine its responses over time, catering more accurately to the user’s distinct needs

and preferences (McGee, 2023).

ChatGPT propels human-computer interactions to new heights by synergizing these

cutting-edge advancements, offering unparalleled personalization and intuitive experiences. As

users engage with ChatGPT, its ability to learn from individual preferences empowers the

creation of tailored responses, revolutionizing the way humans interact with AI systems

(Aljanabi and ChatGPT, 2023). However, the integration of AI in education also demands

careful ethical considerations. Ensuring responsible data privacy management is paramount, as

educational institutions handle sensitive information about students. Transparent communication

with students and their parents regarding the use of AI technologies is essential to build trust and

address any concerns related to data security. Additionally, educators must be vigilant about
potential biases in AI-generated content, as these models are trained on vast datasets that may

inadvertently perpetuate stereotypes or cultural preferences. By actively monitoring and

addressing these issues, educators can ensure that ChatGPT is a supportive tool for fostering an

inclusive and ethical learning environment (Kasneci et al., 2023).

Holmes et al. (2019) cautioned that although AI is expedient and can transform

education, desirable educational outcomes do not occur by merely using AI computing

technologies. . Nguyen et al. (2023) opined that the use of AI in education also positively

influences the non-teaching aspects: curriculum, timetable, allocation of resources, and the

monitoring of performance of students' apps that affirm learning. Many educators are already

making full use of AI in teaching and learning, and this also includes the curriculum for students

with learning needs (Chen et al., 2020; Hwang et al., 2020). Castañeda and Selwyn (2018)

opined that the use of AI in education often causes a paradigm shift where the emphasis is on

guiding students through the learning process rather than only focusing on imparting or sharing

information. Students are also empowered and motivated and classes become dynamic,

meaningful, and interesting (Nemorin et al. 2023).

According to Holmes et al. (2023), AI can also lead to better student engagement and

adaptive learning, which can increase motivation and deepen interest in learning. AI is quickly

transforming teaching and learning and enabling students to adapt to this learning process as it

gradually develops (Baidoo-Anu et al., 2023). In addition to this, (Holmes et al., 2023) stated

that AI technology incites human intelligence and invigorates comprehension

using computer systems powered by advanced machine learning algorithms, which are guided
instructions that describe how to perform various tasks. These steps are used to identify problems

and arrive at possible solutions and results. Aside from its benefits (Cottona et al., 2023) pointed

out a few risks and challenges ChatGPT and other language learning models pose. (Cottona et

al., 2023) pointed out a challenge for the teachers: it would make it very difficult for the teacher

to identify whether the answer submitted by the student is actually written by him or her or is it

written by ChatGPT.

As stated by (Romero, 2023) ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot also

known as a large language model (LLM) app. LLMs are designed to be meaningfully predictive

purveyors of the world’s accumulated recorded data, thus promising to narrow the gap between

“private ignorance” and “public ignorance.” According to (Javier, 2023) ChatGPT is a generative

AI-enabled chatbot that can generate outputs responding to varied and complex prompts (e.g.,

languages, instructions, questions) and engage in sustained human-like interactions.

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Perceptions of  Students level  Better

students of engagement. academic
towards AI  Student’s performance
 Teachers guide purpose for  Enhanced
and advice using critical
 Students ChatGPT. thinking skills
Profile:  Parent’s  Enhanced
a. Subject guidance researching
b. Strand/ skills
track  Decrease in
c. Grade academic
Level honesty.
d. Academic
 The conceptual framework used the input, process and output model. The figure

describes the conceptual framework of the research study where the input is perceptions of

student, teachers guide and advice and student’s profile; a) subject, b) strand/track, c) grade level

and d) academic performance. The process being used is student’s level of engagement, student’s

purpose for using ChatGPT, parent’s guidance. For the last box, is the outcome of the research

study which is better academic performance, enhanced critical thinking skills, improved

researching skills and enhanced study efficiency.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to determine the level of AI-Literacy of the Senior High School Students in

Gaddani National High School. Moreover, it looks to answer the following questions:

1. How does ChatGPT influence the academic performance of Senior High Students in

Gaddani National High School?

2. How do Senior High School Students use ChatGPT to aid in their academic work?

3. Are there any negative or positive consequences of ChatGPT usage on student learning?

Scope and Delimitations

This research will be focused on the media literacy of the senior high school students to

develop the efficient use of Artificial Intelligence for academic purposes. This study will be

limited to the senior high school students of Gaddani National High School.
Significance of the Study

This study has the significance of the following:

Students: As the main respondents of the study, they will know more about the potential use

of ChatGPT. For the students to determine its proper use, they will be able to unlock its full

potential. In addition, it may make them more mindful of using Artificial Intelligence such as

ChatGPT. This study encourages the students to be responsible when using AI.

Parents: They want to make sure that their children are being educated properly, even at

home. This study can be useful for parents by being able to utilize ChatGPT in order to

provide the educational needs of their children even at home.

Teachers: It is beneficial if the teachers are aware of how the students utilize Artificial

Intelligence like ChatGPT, in managing their academic tasks. By providing guides and

support to the students in using AI, the students are able to utilize it properly.

Operational Definition of Words

The following words were defined by the researcher for better understanding.

1. ChatGPT- It is an artificial intelligence that is known for being able to generate human-

like responses.

2. OpenAI- It is a research AI company with the mission of making artificial intelligence

that benefits all of humanity.

3. Artificial Intelligence- It refers to a field of science prioritized on the building of

computes and machine that can perform tasks that normally requires human intelligence.

4. AI-Literacy- It refers to the skill and knowledge needed by a person to be able to

understand and use artificial intelligence responsibly and effectively.

5. Large Language Model- is a type of artificial intelligence program that is capable of

recognizing and generating text, along with other tasks.

6. Chatbot- it is a kind of computer program designed to replicate conversation with

humans.

Chapter 2

Methodology

This chapter defines the research methodologies applied in gathering and analyzing the

important data for the study. The methodology includes various components such as the

research design, population of the study, data gathering instrument, data gathering procedure,

statistical treatment of data and ethical considerations/issues.

Research Design

The descriptive-survey design will be utilized by the researchers by directly collecting

data from the students through questionnaires to allow the researchers to gather data from the

student’s experiences, perception and how they use ChatGPT. The descriptive-survey

research design allows the researchers to analyse how ChatGPT affects the students without

the manipulation of the variables. This research design is suitable since the main objective is

to determine the level of AI-Literacy of the students.

The descriptive-survey research design will be used in order to collect data and insights

from the students with the use of questionnaires. Using the descriptive-research survey

design, the researcher will be able to evaluate variables such as frequency of use, influence

and helpfulness of ChatGPT.

Population of the Study

The study is to be conducted at Gaddani national high school in the municipality of

Tayum in the province of Abra. The participants will be drawn from eight sections,

representing both the TVL and STEM tracks of the school’s senior high school program.

Data Gathering Instrument

The data gathering instrument to be used in this research study is a questionnaire,

designed to gather the necessary data regarding the influence of ChatGPT on the academic

performance of senior high school students in Gaddani National High School. The

questionnaire will be systematically created to obtain relevant responses from the

respondents.
 A rating scale will be used to score the student’s answers, evaluating the extent to which

ChatGPT influences their academic performance. The results will reflect the student’s

perceptions and the overall impact of ChatGPT in their studies.

5-strongly agree

4-agree

3-undecided

2-disagree

1-strongly disagree

The following interpretative guidelines are to be applied to assess the degree of

ChatGPT’s impact on the academic performance of senior high students of Gaddani National

High School.

Numerical Value Statistical Limit Descriptive Descriptive Rating

Equivalence

5 4.50-5.00 Strongly Agree Very High Influence

4 3.50-4.49 Moderately Agree High Influence

3 2.50-3.49 Agree Moderate Influence

2 1.50-2.49 Disagree Low Influence

1 1.00-1.49 Strongly Disagree Not Influential

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will seek permission from the Teachers of Gaddani National High School

to conduct a study titled, “The Influence of ChatGPT, an Artificial Intelligence, on the

Academic Performance of Senior High Students at Gaddani National High School.” After

receiving approval, the researchers will send letters to the respondents, requesting them to

complete a set of survey questionnaires. Once distributed, the respondents will first be asked

to fill out a demographic profile, including details such as sex, strand, grade level, age, and

ChatGPT usage. After the respondents complete the survey, the researchers will then collect

the questionnaires and tally the results.

To maintain confidentiality, respondents will not be required to provide their names, and

their privacy is to be ensured. Through this process, the researchers will gain an

understanding of the importance of patience and social etiquette in conducting the study.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Upon retrieving the questionnaires, the data that will be gathered will be treated statistically

using the following:

1. Percentage

Percentage = f/n x 100

Where:

f= frequency of responses

n= total number of respondents/students

This formula was used to determine the percentage of respondents/students who use

ChatGPT, perceive it as helpful, or think it influences their education.

2. Weighted Mean

The weight mean was used to describe the level of influence of ChatGPT on student’s

learning and productivity. This formula is:

X = ΣFx

Where:

X = weighted mean

f = frequency of responses

x = the value assigned to each response option (e.g, strongly agree, agree, undecided,

disagree, strongly disagree)

N = total number of respondents

Ethical Considerations/ Issues

The researchers will be requesting for the permission of the school principal to conduct

their study at Gaddani National High School. In order to show their genuine honesty, the

researcher will also be writing a letter to be given to the respondents which will be signed by

the research teacher. The respondents of the study will be chosen because the researchers

believe that they will be able to provide first-hand information about the study.