Chapter 3 Name:
Study Guide Date: Per:
1. Define an atom: A Atom is the smallest unit of matter
2. Define an element: A substance that can not be broken down even more
3. Who first proposed the concept of atoms? Democatis
4. State the Law of Conservation of Matter: Mass can not be created or destroyed in chemical reactions.
5. State the Law of Definite Proportions: A chemical compound contains the same elements in the same proportions by mass regardless of
the size of the sample or source of the compound
if two elements form more than one compound, the ratios of the masses of the second element that
6. State the Law of Multiple Proportions:
combined with a fixed number first, will be ratios of small numbers
7. List the 5 postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory.
a. All matter is made of atoms.
b. Atoms of the same element are identical. Atoms of different elements are different.
c. Atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or divided.
d. Atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds.
In chemical reactions, atoms are joined, separated, and rearranged.
e.
8. Describe a cathode ray tube: convert an electrical signal into a visual display
9. Describe the people and processes by which the following were discovered.
Order of Discovery Who How/Process
Discovery
5 Atomic Number Mosly Comparing Positive Charges of hydrogen to other elements
3 Charge of electron Oil drop
Millikan
Electron Discovered using a cathode ray tube
2
JJ Thompson
Oil Drop Expirment
3 Mass of electron
MIllikan
4 Nucleus Rutherford Gold foil experiment
7
Neutron
Chadwick
6 Proton Rutherford
Photographic Plate
Radioactivity Becquereal
1
Revised: 2019-09-04
Chapter 3 Name:
Study Guide Date: Per:
10. Fill in the table below about the 3 primary particles of an atom.
Proton Neutron Electron
Location in Atom Nuclues Nuclues Orbitals
Charge -
+ +/-
Mass 1 0
1
11. The number of protons in an atom is its atomic number .
12. An ion is an atom that has a unequal number of protons and electrons .
13. The force that holds the nucleus together is called the Strong Nuclear force .
Repulsion
14. The force that causes the nucleus to be unstable is .
15. The mass number of an atom is equal to Number of protons and nuetrons .
16. The atomic mass unit is based on the mass of Carbon-12 .
17. The Nucleus accounts for almost all of the atom’s mass but very little of its volume.
18. The Orbitals accounts for almost all of the atom’s volume but very little of its mass.
19. Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons , but varying numbers of Nuetrons .
20. Define nuclide: a specific type of atom or nucleus showed by a particular number of protons and neutrons
21. Complete the following – fill in the isotopic formula or the numbers of particles.
# p+ # n0 # e− # p+ # n0 # e− # p+ # n0 # e − # p+ # n0 # e− # p+ # n0 # e −
a. 8 10 8 b.
22 23 18 c. 25 32 22 d. 6 8 6
e. 80 119 78
18 57 3+ 2+
45 4+ 14 199
0 22 Ti 25
Mn 6 C Hg
80
8
22. Fill in the table below for the unknown elements.
Atomic Number of Number of Number of
Isotope Mass Number Charge
Number Protons Neutrons Electrons
X
20 42 20 22
18 +2
Z 18 38 18 20 18 +0
R 3 6 3 3 2 +1
T 6 14
6
8
10 -4
Revised: 2019-09-04
Chapter 3 Name:
Study Guide Date: Per:
23. What is the relationship between the number of protons in an atom and the atom’s identity?
The number of protons determine witch element it is, by the atomic number
two istope mass
24. The atomic mass of an atom is found by taking the weighted average of ______________________________.
25. The formula for determining the atomic mass of an element is:
(Isotope mass *relative abdudance)+..
/100
26. Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes. The mass of gallium-69 is 68.9256 u and it is 60.108%
abundant. The mass of gallium-71 is 70.9247 u and it is 39.892% abundant. Find the atomic mass of gallium.
69.73
27. Antimony has two naturally occurring isotopes. The mass of antimony-121 is 120.904 u and the mass of
antimony-123 is 122.904 u. Using the average mass from the periodic table, find the abundance of each
isotope. (Remember that the sum of the two abundances must be 100).
121-57.2%
123-42.8%
28. What is the difference between a formula mass and a molar mass?
29. Determine the following:
a. the number of moles of aluminum in 35.5 grams of aluminum.
Revised: 2019-09-04
Chapter 3 Name:
Study Guide Date: Per:
b. the number of moles of gold in 5.60 x 1024 atoms of gold.
c. the number of moles of sodium in 45.6 grams of sodium.
d. the number of atoms of carbon in 37.9 grams of carbon.
e. the mass of 2.1 x 1029 atoms of neon.
f. the mass of 5.10 x 1025 atoms of xenon.
g. the mass of 3.450 moles of magnesium.
h. the mass of 2.3 moles of manganese.
Revised: 2019-09-04