AE451A Lab Report
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A TURBOJET
ENGINE
Yuvakiran Rayapureddy
200781 B9
Objective:
The objective is to understand the operation and evaluate the performance of a turbojet
engine, at different operating conditions.
Description:
The ambient air is drawn in, and is first brought to a higher pressure in the single-stage radial
compressor. In the downstream combustion chamber, fuel is added to the compressed air and
the resulting mixture is combusted. The temperature and flow velocity of the gas increases. The
gas flows out of the combustion chamber into the single-stage axial turbine and discharges a
portion of its energy to the turbine. This turbine drives the compressor. In the propelling nozzle,
the partially expanded and cooled gas expands to ambient atmospheric pressure and the gas
accelerates to high speeds.
The high-speed gas outflow generates the thrust. In order to reduce the outlet
temperature, the exhaust gas stream is mixed with the ambient air in a mixing pipe. The gas
turbine is started fully automatically with the aid of an electric
starter. Between the compressor and the turbine is the annular combustion chamber. The
movable platform, with a force sensor, enables measurement of the thrust.
The speed, temperatures, static pressures and mass flow rates of the air and fuel are recorded
using appropriate sensors. The measured values can be read on digital displays.
1. cold air
2. air inlet with safety guard
3. gas turbine
4. propelling nozzle
5. ambient air
6. exhaust gas
7. mixing pipe
8. cooled exhaust jet
9. temperature sensor (mixing pipe)
10. moveable turbine platform
11. force sensor for thrust measurement
Img Source
Before Starting:
1. Check fuel lines for air bubbles or blockages.
2. Check that the fuel tank vent is unobstructed.
3. Make sure there is sufficient fuel for a complete test run.
4. Set throttle trim and turbine (Aux channel) mode switch to OFF.
5. Lift the turbine desk at the front end to enable residual fuel on the turbine to come out.
Procedure:
1. Set the throttle trim switch to on and set throttle lever to IDLE (minimum).
2. Switch on the ET796 at the master switch and set the turbine (Aux channel) to run.
3. The 3 LED lights will light up in sequence. Start the automatic starting process by fully
opening the throttle lever.
4. The starter motor brings the turbine to starting speed. The glow plug is activated and
auxiliary fuel is given for ignition. Ignition is identified by a rise in temperatures seen on
the display panel.
5. After a short time, bring the throttle to the idle position and begin the experiment.
6. Slowly vary the rpm of the engine from 40,000 to 100,000, in steps of 10,000 rpm.
7. At each step, record all the parameters displayed in the digital display panel. After
reaching 100,000 rpm and recording all the required data the experiment is complete.
8. After completing the experiment, turn off the turbine (Aux channel) mode switch to auto
off. To cool the turbine, the starter motor continues running until a temperature of below
100 degrees celsius is reached. Once the turbine has cooled down, switch the turbine
(Aux channel) mode switch to off.
Calculations:
Symbols:
Symbol Description SI Units Symbol Description SI Units
Specific heat at J/(kg/K) Total Pressure Pascal
constant P
Thrust Newton Total Temperature Kelvin
Mach Number Static Temperature Kelvin
Mass flow rate(air) Kg/s Specific Heats ratio
Mass flow rate(fuel) Kg/s Density
Compressor Pressure Ratio
Compressor Efficiency
Global Equivalence Ratio( )
Stoichiometric air to fuel ratio for ATF is 1/15
Specific Thrust
Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption
Notations:
: RPM of Turbine
: Compressor exit temperature
: Combustion chamber exit temperature
: Turbine exit temperature
: Thrust
: Fuel flow rate
: Compressor exit pressure
: Air flow rate
: Ambient Temperature (300k)
: Compressor exit pressure
: Atmospheric pressure
: Combustion chamber pressure (KPa)
P: Compressor exit pressure (Gauge)
: Compressor pressure ratio
Data1 35 34 895 670 4 5.9 0.05 6
Data2 45.3 39 866 698 6 7.4 0.1 7
Data3 57 46 872 710 10 9.1 0.18 8
Data4 69 57 885 635 15 11.1 0.29 9
Data5 83 67 886 630 22 13.2 0.44 11
Data6 92.1 75 908 628 29 14.9 0.57 12
Data7 101 83 951 640 36 17.1 0.72 13
P (kPa) T1(K) T2(k) T3(k) T1/T01 P02 (kPa) P03 (kPa) MFR (fuel) MFR (air)
5 307 1168 943 1.0234 106.325 101.0088 0.0013767 0.0072
10 312 1139 971 1.04 111.325 105.7588 0.0017267 0.0084
18 319 1145 983 1.0634 119.325 113.3588 0.0021234 0.0096
29 330 1158 908 1.1 130.325 123.8088 0.00259 0.0108
44 340 1159 903 1.134 145.325 138.0588 0.00308 0.0132
57 348 1181 901 1.16 158.325 150.4088 0.0034767 0.0144
72 356 1224 913 1.1867 173.325 164.6588 0.00399 0.0156
P02/P01 Efficiency Specific TSFC mf/ma Equivalence
Thrust
1.04936 0.59388 555.56 3e-4 0.191204 2.868056
1.09869 0.68141 714.2857 3e-4 0.2056 3.083334
1.17765 0.75518 1041.67 2e-4 0.22118 3.3177084
1.28621 0.74563 1388.89 2e-4 0.239815 3.59723
1.43425 0.81402 1666.67 1e-4 0.234 3.5
1.56255 0.85004 2013.89 1e-4 0.241435 3.6215278
1.71059 0.88805 2307.6923 1e-4 0.26577 3.736538
Now, after calculating all the required quantities for all RPM, we have plotted compressor
pressure ratio, compressor efficiency, specific thrust, TSFC, global equivalence ratio and
measured temperatures w.r.t RPM.
1. More work will be done by the compressor if the compressor pressure ratio increases
with the RPM, which produces high thrust.
2. As more work is done by the compressor on the flow that increases T1 and T2 with
RPM, and if more heat and higher-pressure gas is delivered through the combustor, then
final temperature T3 will also be more. T4 typically drops with RPM as the flow in the
turbine performs more work which results in a lesser gas temperature T4 at greater
RPM.
3. As RPM increases, the TSFC and global equivalence ratios decrease.