Raja Ravi Varma - Wikipedia 11/11/24, 8:19 PM
Raja Ravi Varma
Raja Ravi Varma (Malayalam: [ɾaːdʒaː ɾɐʋi
ʋɐrm(ː)ɐ]) (29 April 1848 – 2 October 1906[3][4]) Raja Ravi Varma
was an Indian painter and artist. His works are
one of the best examples of the fusion of
European academic art with a purely Indian
sensibility and iconography. Especially, he was
notable for making affordable lithographs of his
paintings available to the public, which greatly
enhanced his reach and influence as a painter and
public figure. His lithographs increased the
involvement of common people with fine arts and
defined artistic tastes among the common people.
Furthermore, his religious depictions of Hindu
deities and works from Indian epic poetry and
Puranas have received profound acclaim. He was
part of the royal family of erstwhile Parappanad,
Malappuram district. Raja Ravi Varma in 1890s
Born 29 April 1848[1][2]
Raja Ravi Varma was closely related to the royal
Kilimanoor, Travancore
family of Travancore of present-day Kerala state
(present-day
in India. Later in his life, two of his
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala)
granddaughters were adopted into the royal
family, and their descendants comprise the Died 2 October 1906 (aged 58)
present royal family of Travancore, including the Attingal, Travancore, British
latest three Maharajas (Balarama Varma III, Raj
Marthanda Varma III and Rama Varma VII).[5] Other names Koil Thampuran of Kilimanoor,
Ravi Varma Koil Thampuran
Alma mater University College
Personal life Thiruvananthapuram
Occupation(s) painter, artist
Raja Ravi Varma was born M. R. Ry. Ravi Varma,
Notable work Shakuntala
Koil Thampuran of Kilimanoor at Kilimanoor
palace in the erstwhile princely state of Shakuntala Patra-lekhan
Travancore (present-day Kerala)[6] into an Nair Lady Adorning Her Hair
aristocratic family that for over 200 years There Comes Papa
produced consorts for the princesses of the
[Link] Page 1 of 15
Raja Ravi Varma - Wikipedia 11/11/24, 8:19 PM
matrilineal Travancore royal family. The title Raja Galaxy of Musicians
was conferred as a personal title by the Viceroy
Spouse Pooruruttathi Thirunal
and Governor-General of India Lord Curzon.[6]
Bhageerthi Thampuratti
Ravi Varma was the son of Ezhumavil Awards Kaisar-i-Hind Gold Medal
Neelakanthan Bhattatiripad and Uma Ambabayi Signature
Thampurratti. His mother Uma Ambabayi
Thampuratty belonged to the baronial family
which ruled the Kilimanoor feudal estate within
the kingdom of Travancore. She was a poet and
writer of some talent, and her work Parvati Swayamvaram
was published by Varma after her death. Ravi Varma's
father was a scholar of Sanskrit and Ayurveda and hailed
from the Ernakulam district in Kerala. Ravi Varma had two
siblings, a sister named Mangala Bayi and a brother named
Raja Varma (born 1860). The last-named was also a painter
and worked closely with Ravi Varma all his life.
In 1866, at the age of 18, Varma was married to 12-year-old
Bhageerthi Bayi (known formally as Pooruruttati Nal
Bhageerathi Bayi Thampuratty) of the royal house of
Mavelikkara, another major fief of Travancore kingdom.
Notably, the house of Mavellikara was a branch of the Royal
House of Travancore. Bhageerthi was the youngest of three
sisters, and both of her elder sisters had been adopted into
the royal family of Travancore in 1857 in order to carry on
the lineage. They were known as the Senior and Junior Rani
of Attingal, and in their progeny was vested the succession There comes Papa (1893), depicting
to the throne of Travancore. Therefore, Ravi Varma's Varma's daughter Mahaprabha with
connection to the royal family became very close due to his one of her sons
marriage with Bhageerthi. His children (because they
belonged to their mother's family) would be royal by birth. The marriage, which was arranged
by the parents in the proper Indian manner, was harmonious and successful. The couple had
five children, two sons, and three daughters. Their elder son, Kerala Varma (b.1876) was of an
excessively spiritual temperament. He never married and eventually renounced the world,
leaving home for good in 1912. The younger son, Rama Varma (born 1879), inherited his
father's artistic talent and studied at the JJ School of Arts, Mumbai. He was married to Gowri
Kunjamma, sister of Dewan PGN Unnithan, and became the father of seven children.
The three daughters of Ravi Varma and Bhageerthi Bayi were Mahaprabha Amma (who features
in two of Varma's most famous paintings), Uma Amma (named after Varma's mother) and
Cheria Kochamma. In 1900 CE, the Royal House of Travancore once again faced a succession
crisis. Bhageerthi's two elder sisters, who had been adopted in order to carry forward the
lineage, had failed to produce the desired heirs. They had six children between them, but only
[Link] Page 2 of 15
Raja Ravi Varma - Wikipedia 11/11/24, 8:19 PM
two of those survived, and both were boys (who also,
incidentally, later died childless). According to the
matrilineal Marumakkathayam system, the succession to
the throne could only progress through females, and
therefore it was necessary to make an adoption. Tradition
dictated that two girls belonging to branches of the Royal
Family be adopted together. They would be designated the
Senior and Junior Rani of Attingal, and the succession to the
throne of Travancore would be vested in their progeny, in
accordance with the unusual and unique
Marumakkathayam system of succession.
Two of Varma's granddaughters were marked by destiny to
receive this honour, the main reason being that they were
the nearest matrilineal (cognatic) kin to the incumbent Rani
of Attingal. In August 1900, Mahaprabha's eldest daughter
Lakshmi Bayi (aged 5 years) and Uma's eldest daughter
Parvati Bayi (aged 4 years) were adopted into the Royal
family of Travancore. It was Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi,
their surviving grand-aunt, who formally adopted them. She
died within one year of doing this, and the two girls were
then installed as the Senior and Junior Ranis of Attingal
respectively. They were married while yet in their early teens
to two gentlemen from suitable aristocratic families. It was
the Junior Rani, Sethu Parvathi Bayi, who gave birth to the
much-awaited heir in 1912, exactly a day after her sixteenth
birthday. Incidentally, her husband was a grand-nephew of
Raja Ravi Varma and belonged to Kilimanoor. The newborn Varma's sister-in-law, Bharani
child was the future Maharaja Chithira Thirunal, the last Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi, Senior Rani
ruling Maharaja of Travancore. He was followed by a of Attingal (or Travancore), who
adopted Varma's granddaughters in
brother (the future Maharaja Marthanda Varma III) and a
1900
sister Lakshmi Bayi, the mother of Maharaja Rama Varma
VII who is presently on the throne (since 2013). Meanwhile,
the Senior Rani (Sethu Lakshmi Bayi, daughter of Mahaprabha Amma, and Regent from 1924 to
1931) also gave birth to two daughters later in life (in 1923 and 1926).
In this way, the entire present (existing) royal family of Travancore is descended from Raja Ravi
Varma. Well known among his royal descendants are the writers Aswathi Thirunal Gowri
Lakshmi Bayi and Shreekumar Varma, the artist Rukmini Varma and the classical musician
Aswathi Thirunal Rama Varma.
Around Ravi Varma's 57th birthday he announced his decision to accept Sanyasa, and retire
from all worldly life when he turned 60. In his final years he suffered from grief for the death of
Raja Raja Varma, and also from diabetes, which contributed to his death on 2 October 1906.
[Link] Page 3 of 15
Raja Ravi Varma - Wikipedia 11/11/24, 8:19 PM
Art career
Varma was patronised by Ayilyam Thirunal, the next Maharaja of Travancore and began formal
training thereafter.[7] He learned the basics of painting in Madurai. Later, he was trained in
water painting by Rama Swami Naidu and rather reluctantly in oil painting by British portraitist
Theodore Jenson.[8]
The British administrator, Edgar Thurston was significant in
promoting the careers of Varma and his brother.[9] Varma
received widespread acclaim after he won an award for an
exhibition of his paintings at Vienna in 1873. Varma's
The studio used by Varma during paintings were also sent to the World's Columbian
his stay at the Laxmi Vilas Palace Exposition held in Chicago in 1893 and he was awarded
three gold medals.[10] He travelled throughout India in
search of subjects. He often modelled Hindu Goddesses on
Indian women, whom he considered beautiful. Ravi Varma is particularly noted for his
paintings depicting episodes from the story of Dushyanta and Shakuntala, and Nala and
Damayanti, from the Mahabharata. Ravi Varma's representation of Hindu characters has
become a part of the Indian imagination of the epics. He is often criticized for being too showy
and sentimental in his style but his work remains very popular in India. Many of his fabulous
paintings are housed at Laxmi Vilas Palace, Vadodara.[11]
Raja Ravi Varma Press
Apparently on the advice of the then Dewan (Prime
Minister) of Travancore, T. Madhava Rao, Ravi Varma
started a lithographic printing press in Ghatkopar, Mumbai
in 1894 and later shifted it to Malavli near Lonavala,
Maharashtra in 1899. The oleographs produced by the press
were mostly of Hindu gods and goddesses in scenes adapted
mainly from the Mahabharata, the Ramayana and the
Puranas. These oleographs were very popular and
continued to be printed in thousands for many years, even
after the 1906 death of Ravi Varma.
The Ravi Varma press was the largest and most innovative
press in India at that time. The press was managed by
Varma's brother, Raja Varma, but under their management,
it was a commercial failure. By 1899 the press was deeply in
Mrs. Ramanadha Rao and son
debt and in 1901, the press was sold to his printing
technician from Germany, Fritz Schleicher. Schleicher
[Link] Page 4 of 15
Raja Ravi Varma - Wikipedia 11/11/24, 8:19 PM
continued to print Ravi Varma's prints but later employed other artists to create new designs.
Schleicher also broadened the product of press to include commercial and advertisement labels.
Under the management of Schleicher and his successors, the press continued successfully until
a devastating fire destroyed the whole factory in 1972. Many of Ravi Varma's original
lithographic prints were also lost in the fire.[12]
Honours
In 1904, Viceroy Lord Curzon, on behalf of the British King
Emperor, bestowed upon Varma the Kaisar-i-Hind Gold
Medal. A college dedicated to fine arts was also constituted
in his honour at Mavelikara, Kerala. Raja Ravi Varma High
at Kilimanoor was named after him and there are many
cultural organizations throughout India bearing his name.
In 2013, the crater Varma on Mercury was named in his
honor.[13] Considering his vast contribution to Indian art,
the Government of Kerala has instituted an award called
Raja Ravi Varma Puraskaram, which is awarded every year
to people who show excellence in the field of art and culture.
[14]
On his 65th death anniversary, India Post issued a
commemorative postal stamp depicting Ravi Varma and
his famous painting 'Damayanti and Swan' Raja Ravi Varma on a 1971 stamp
of India
Legacy
Raja Ravi Varma is sometimes regarded as the first modern Indian artist due to his ability to
reconcile Western aesthetics with Indian iconography. The Indian art historian and critic Geeta
Kapur wrote,
Ravi Varma is the indisputable father figure of modern Indian art. Naive and
ambitious at the same time, he opens up the debate for his later compatriots in the
specific matter of defining individual genius through professional acumen, of testing
modes of cultural adaptation with idiosyncratic effect, of attempting pictorial narration
with its historic scope.[15]
Similarly, Baroda School artist Gulam Mohammed Sheikh also wrote about Ravi Varma as a
modern artist. In his essay "Ravi Varma in Baroda", Sheikh asserted that Varma was a key
figure in the establishment of Indian modern art, claiming that "the story of contemporary
[Link] Page 5 of 15
Raja Ravi Varma - Wikipedia 11/11/24, 8:19 PM
Indian art was never the same after Ravi Varma had entered it. He left his imprint on almost
every aspect of it." Like Kapur, Sheikh praised Ravi Varma's integration of Indian and Western
aesthetics and techniques, comparing him favorably to Indian modernist Nandalal Bose.[16]
However, Ravi Varma's legacy is controversial. Fellow Baroda School artist and art historian
Ratan Parimoo saw Ravi Varma in a less favorable light, derogatorily referring to him as kitsch
and claiming Varma's work was less spiritually authentic than folk art and tribal art. He argued
that Ravi Varma was responsible for the "vulgarity" of popular art, comparing Varma's work to
the lurid colors and sexuality of popular images in calendar art and films.[17][18]
Despite his controversial legacy, Ravi Varma continues to be an important figure for modern
and contemporary Indian artists. For example, modern artist Nalini Malani recreated Ravi
Varma's Galaxy of Musicians in her video installation Unity in Diversity to interrogate Ravi
Varma's idealistic nationalism.[19] Similarly, contemporary artist Pushpamala N. recreated
several Ravi Varma paintings with herself as the subject to deconstruct Ravi Varma's idealized
depictions of goddesses and Indian women.
Many organizations do programs in his memory and give awards in his name. A two days
festival of The Maharaja Ranjitsinh Gaekwad Festival of Arts is annually organized, in his
memory at the Durbar Hall in Laxmi Vilas Palace, Vadodara, Gujarat.[20][21] The Raja Ravi
Varma Award for Excellence in the Field of Visual Arts is presented during this festival. Jayant
Parikh was the first recipient.[22][23]
List of major works
The following is a list of the prominent works of Ravi Varma. On the anniversary of what would
be his 150th birthday, Google Arts and Culture released over 300 of his works online for
everyone to view.[24]
Mohini playing with a ball
Yashoda and Krishna
Village Belle
Lady Lost in Thought
Damayanti Talking to a Swan
The Orchestra
Arjuna and Subhadra
The heartbroken
Swarbat Player
Shakuntala
Lord Krishna as Ambassador
Jatayu, a bird devotee of Lord Rama is mauled by Ravana
Victory of Indrajit
The gypsies
[Link] Page 6 of 15
Raja Ravi Varma - Wikipedia 11/11/24, 8:19 PM
The gypsies
A Lady Playing Swarbat
Lady Giving Alms at the Temple
Lord Rama Conquers Varuna
Gheevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala
Nair Woman
Romancing Couple
Draupadi Dreading to Meet Kichaka
Shantanu and Matsyagandha
Shakuntala Composing a Love Letter to King Dushyanta
Girl in Sage Kanwa's Hermitage (Rishi-Kanya)
Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi of Travancore
Sri Shanmukha Subramania Swami
Woman holding a fan
3D painting of the Mysore king on a horse (available at the Mysore palace)
Gallery
More at Category:Raja Ravi Varma
Shakuntala Galaxy of Musicians Shakuntala Patra-lekhan
looking for
Dushyanta
[Link] Page 7 of 15
Raja Ravi Varma - Wikipedia 11/11/24, 8:19 PM
Nair Lady Expectation
Adnoring Her
Hair Radha in the Hamsa
Moonlight Damayanti
Gypsies Woman Holding a Fruit Sri Shanmukha Saraswati
Subramania Swami
Gheevarghese Mar Descent of Ganga Sri Krishna as Envoy Jatayu fights
Gregorios of Ravana
Parumala
[Link] Page 8 of 15
Raja Ravi Varma - Wikipedia 11/11/24, 8:19 PM
Lady giving alms in Stolen Interview
a temple
The Maharashtrian Lady
Rama vanquishing the Mohini on a swing
ocean
[Link] Page 9 of 15
Raja Ravi Varma - Wikipedia 11/11/24, 8:19 PM
Draupadi being humiliated in the court of
Virata
Sita Bhumi Pravesh
Krishna with Yashoda Village Belle Victory of Malabar Lady or
Meghanada Swarbat Player
Keechaka and Shantanu and Arjuna and Woman holding a
Sairandhri Matsyagandha Subhadra fan
[Link] Page 10 of 15
Raja Ravi Varma - Wikipedia 11/11/24, 8:19 PM
Damayanti and her Shakuntala lost in Disappointing News
maid in the moonlight thoughts
In popular culture
J. Sasikumar made Raja Ravi Varma, an Indian documentary television film on the artist in
1997. It was produced by the Government of India's Films Division.[25][26]
Makaramanju (English: The Mist of Capricorn) is a 2011 Indian Malayalam-language romantic
drama film by Lenin Rajendran starring Santosh Sivan as Varma, the film focuses on Varma's
painting "Urvashi Pururavas".[27] The 2014 Indian Hindi-language film, Rang Rasiya (English
title: Colours of Passion) explores Varma's inspiration behind his paintings with Randeep
Hooda in the role of the painter.[28]
Bibliography
English
Raja Ravi Varma: An Everlasting Imprint; Volume 3- A Divine Omnipresence by Ganesh V.
Shivaswamy, Pub: White Falcon, Chandigarh, March 2024 ISBN 9781636409344
Raja Ravi Varma: An Everlasting Imprint; Volume 2- A Resonant Impression by Ganesh V.
Shivaswamy, Pub: White Falcon, Chandigarh, Nov 2023 ISBN 9781636409085
Raja Ravi Varma: An Everlasting Imprint; Volume 1- The Shaping of an Artist by Ganesh V.
Shivaswamy, Pub: White Falcon, Chandigarh, March 2023 ISBN 9781636408460
Raja Ravi Varma: Painter of Colonial Indian by Rupika Chawla, Pub: Mapin Publishing,
Ahmedabad, March 2010.
Raja Ravi Varma – Oleographs Catalogue by [Link] Ishwari, Pub: ShriParasuraman,
Chennai, 2010, ISBN 9788191002614
Ravi Varma Classic: 2008, Genesis Art Foundation, Cochin-18;45 colour plate with text by
Vijayakumar Menon.
The Painter: A life of Ravi Varma by Deepanjana Pal Random House India, 2011
[Link] Page 11 of 15
Raja Ravi Varma - Wikipedia 11/11/24, 8:19 PM
ISBN 9788184002614
Raja Ravi Varma – The Most Celebrated Painter of India: 1848–1906, Parsram Mangharam,
Bangalore, 2007
Raja Ravi Varma – The Painter Prince: 1848–1906, Parsram Mangharam, Bangalore, 2003
Raja Ravi Varma and the Printed Gods of India, Erwin Neumayer & Christine Schelberger,
New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2003
Raja Ravi Varma: The Most Celebrated Painter of India : 1848 – 1906, Classic Collection,
Vol I & II. Bangalore, Parsram Mangharam, 2005
Raja Ravi Varma: Portrait of an Artist, The Diary of C. Raja Raja Varma/edited by Erwin
Neumayer and Christine Schelberger. New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2005
Divine Lithography, Enrico Castelli and Giovanni Aprile, New Delhi, Il Tamburo Parlante
Documentation Centre and Ethnographic Museum, 2005
Photos of the Gods: The Printed Image and Political Struggle in India by Christopher
Pinney. London, Reaktion Book, 2004
Raja Ravi Varma:Raja Ravi Varma:E.M Joseph Venniyur, former director of AIR
Raja Ravi Varma: A Novel, Ranjit Desai -Translated by Vikrant Pande, Pub: Harper
Perennial (2013), ISBN 9789350296615
Pages of a Mind: Life and Expressions, Raja Ravi Varma, Pub: Piramal Art Foundation
(2016), ISBN 9788193066805
Malayalam
Ravi Varma – A critical study by Vijayakumar Menon, Pub: Kerala Lalitha Kala Akademy,
Trissur, 2002
Raja Ravi Varmayum chitrkalayum, Kilimanoor Chandran, Department of Cultural
Publications, Kerala Government, 1999.
Chithramezhuthu Koyithampuran, P. N. Narayana Pillai.
Raja Ravi Varma, N. Balakrishnan Nair.
Marathi
"Raja Ravi Varma", a novel by Marathi language novelist Ranjit Desai translated into English
by Vikrant Pande.
References
1. Joshi, Om Prakash (1985). Sociology of Indian art. Rawat Publications. p. 40.
2. K.R.N. Swamy (28 April 2002). "A great painter, no doubt, but controversial too" ([Link]
[Link]/2002/20020428/spectrum/[Link]). Spectrum–The Tribune. Archived (h
ttps://[Link]/web/20141028002358/[Link]
ectrum/[Link]) from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
3. Nagam Aiya, The Travancore State Manual
4. "Restoring works of art" ([Link]
05/07/19/stories/[Link]). The Hindu. 19 July 2005. Archived from the
original ([Link] on 18 April
[Link] Page 12 of 15
Raja Ravi Varma - Wikipedia 11/11/24, 8:19 PM
original ([Link] on 18 April
2015. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
5. Lord Padmanabha and his dasas ([Link]
his-dasas) Archived ([Link]
in/stories/lord-padmanabha-and-his-dasas) 8 February 2023 at the Wayback Machine
[Link]. Retrieved 31 July 2021
6. PAL, DEEPANJANA (2011). THE PAINTER ([Link]
bQC). Random House India. ISBN 9788184002614. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
7. "The Diary of C. Rajaraja Varma"
8. "The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Article" ([Link]
ectrum/[Link]). Archived ([Link]
[Link]/2002/20020428/spectrum/[Link]) from the original on 7 February 2023.
Retrieved 28 July 2021.
9. Mitter, Partha (1994). Art and Nationalism in Colonial India, 1850-1922: Occidental
Orientations ([Link] Cambridge
University Press. pp. 69, 193, 208. ISBN 978-0-52144-354-8.
10. Kilimanoor Chandran, Ravi Varmayum Chitrakalayum(in Malayalam), Department of
Culture, Kerala, 1998.
11. Vadodara, Lakshmi Vilas Palace. "Raja Ravi Varma Paintings, Vadodara" ([Link]
[Link]/web/20150924030504/[Link]
[Link]). [Link]. Archived from the original ([Link]
[Link]/2008/05/[Link]) on 24 September
2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
12. Davis, Richard (2012). Gods in Print: Masterpiece of India's Mythological Art. San Rafael,
California: Mandala Publishing. p. 83. ISBN 9781608871094.
13. "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature" ([Link]
6). [Link]. Archived ([Link]
ps://[Link]/Feature/15146) from the original on 7 February 2023.
Retrieved 14 March 2014.
14. "Raja Ravi Varma Award" ([Link]
avi-varma-award/[Link]). The Hindu. 11 February 2016. Archived ([Link]
[Link]/web/20230207073950/[Link]
m/raja-ravi-varma-award/[Link]) from the original on 7 February 2023.
Retrieved 4 August 2018.
15. Kapur, Geeta (2000). What Was Modernism: Essays on Contemporary Cultural Practice in
India ([Link] (PDF).
New Delhi: Tulika. p. 147. ISBN 81-89487-24-8. Archived ([Link]
0822222555/[Link]
(PDF) from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
16. Sheikh, Gulam Mohammed. "Ravi Varma in Baroda" ([Link]
[Link]) (PDF). Asia Art Archive. Archived ([Link]
73951/[Link] (PDF) from the original on 7
February 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
17. Parimoo, Ratan (16 November 1975). "Kitsch: The Vulgarisation of Art" ([Link]
n/collection/search/archive/ratan-parimoo-archive-newspaper-articles-5571/object/kitsch-the
-vulgarisation-of-art). The Times of India. Archived ([Link]
22556/[Link]
cles-5571/object/kitsch-the-vulgarisation-of-art) from the original on 22 August 2019.
Retrieved 22 August 2019.
[Link] Page 13 of 15
Raja Ravi Varma - Wikipedia 11/11/24, 8:19 PM
Retrieved 22 August 2019.
18. Parimoo, Ratan. "Pop Art with Religious Motifs" ([Link]
ction/fedora_extracted/[Link]) (PDF). Asia Art Archive. Archived ([Link]
g/web/20220303084503/[Link]
[Link]) (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
19. Asian Art Department. "Unity in Diversity" ([Link]
s/60.2012.a-r/). Art Gallery of New South Wales. Archived ([Link]
30207073928/[Link] from the
original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
20. "Gaekwads' Two-day Arts Festival In Ranjitsinh's Memory | Vadodara News - Times of
India" ([Link]
anjitsinhs-memory/articleshow/[Link]). The Times of India. 4 March 2022. Archived
([Link]
dara/gaekwads-two-day-arts-festival-in-ranjitsinhs-memory/articleshow/[Link]) from
the original on 25 November 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
21. "Event mentioned in Gujarati Language News Paper" ([Link]
8091318/[Link]
Retrieved 25 March 2023. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)
22. "Jayant Parikh got Raja Ravi Varma Award Ref. by Mctears" ([Link]
tion/lot/lot-122---jayant-parikh-indian-b-1940/?lot=281867&so=0&st=&sto=0&au=1534&ef=&
et=&ic=False&sd=0&pp=96&pn=2&g=1#:~:text=Raja%20Ravi%20Varma%20Award).
[Link]. Archived ([Link]
[Link]/auction/lot/lot-122---jayant-parikh-indian-b-1940/?lot=281867&so=0&st=&sto=
0&au=1534&ef=&et=&ic=False&sd=0&pp=96&pn=2&g=1#:~:text=Raja%20Ravi%20Varm
a%20Award) from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
23. "Jayant Parikh - Awards" ([Link]
[Link]. Archived ([Link]
[Link]/[Link]#RaviVerma) from the original on 25 November 2022.
Retrieved 25 March 2023.
24. "Raja Ravi Varma" ([Link]
Google Arts & Culture. Archived ([Link]
[Link]/entity/raja-ravi-varma/m03p0s9) from the original on 6 April 2023.
Retrieved 28 April 2020.
25. "Raja Ravi Verma | Films Division" ([Link]
[Link]. Archived ([Link]
[Link]/shop/raja-ravi-verma) from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
26. Rajadhyaksha, Ashish; Willemen, Paul (1999). Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema ([Link]
[Link]/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja). British Film Institute. ISBN 9780851706696.
27. Soyesh H. Rawther (19 October 2010). "Malayalam film makers plan alternative screening
outside IFFI venues" ([Link] The Hindu.
Archived ([Link]
ma/[Link]) from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
28. Nagarajan, Saraswathy (29 September 2007). "Portrait of an artist" ([Link]
web/20121108031535/[Link]
m). The Hindu. Archived from the original ([Link]
[Link]) on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
[Link] Page 14 of 15
Raja Ravi Varma - Wikipedia 11/11/24, 8:19 PM
External links
The largest collection of chromolithographs from the Ravi Varma Press which may be
viewed in Hi-resolution ([Link]
oundation)
Retrieved from "[Link]
[Link] Page 15 of 15