Question-1
Ans.
Average Min Max Range
23.8947368 6 50 44
4
Question 2
Ans.
Average Min Max Range
23.8285714 8 50 42
3
Question 3-
The distributions are very similar along with the averages and range (considering gaps are
congruent). The aphids prefer middle and large size leaves because they can receive more nutrients
and have high surface area. The preference of aphids between large and medium leaves cannot be
directly compared or we can say there is not much difference because the number of gold leaves are
directly proportional to the number of available leaves. Large galled leaves are lesser because they
break off easily.
Question 4-
Proportion of small leaves Proportion of Medium leaves Proportion of large leaves
galled galled galled
0.4 0.706666667 0.458333333
From this data we can conclude that the proportion of medium leaves galled is highest. The
proportion of large leaves galled is not highest rather medium leave take the highest proportion of
leaves galled because they are sufficiently nutritious and are not too hard. Small leaves do not have
sufficient nutrition whereas large leaves are too hard.
Question 5-
Here we can see that the linear fit has a negative slope and the number of galls are mostly in
medium length of leaves. As discussed above, this might be due to the fact that small leaves do not
have sufficient nutrition whereas large leaves are too hard. Medium leaves on the other hand are
softer than large leaves and have more nutrition than small leaves. Another possibility of large
leaves not chosen could be due to the high probability of large leaves breakage so there might be
underestimating of actual number of galls. So we cannot conclude that larger leaves had more galls
then medium.
Question 6-
Mean proportion of galls present on the midrib or veins: 0.545605
Mean proportion of galls not present on the midrib or veins: 0.454395
54.56%: midrib or veins i.e. majority are on midrib or veins
The galls are found near the veins or midrib mostly. This can be due to accessibility of more nutrients
from the plant as they flow through the veins/midrib. Still the proportion is not absolutely skewed
because the parenchyma near veins is harder penetrate compared to laminal parenchyma The
parenchyma near veins has more nutrients but require more energy to extract nutrition.