beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  129

PZz_© Aa¨vq
R¨vwgwZK A¼b Thales
weL¨vZ MwYZwe` I `vk©wbK †_wjm (624 BC−547 BC) cÖ_g
Geometric Constructions wcivwg‡Wi D”PZv I mgy`ª Zxi n‡Z Rvnv‡Ri `~iZ¡ wbY©‡q
R¨vwgwZ e¨envi K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb wc_v‡Mviv‡mi QvÎ wQ‡jb|

cvV m¤úwK©Z MyiæZ¡c~Y© welqvw`

▪ wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg I f‚wg msjMœ †KvY †`Iqv _vK‡j cÖ_‡g GKwU mij‡iLv †_‡K f‚wgi mgvb Ask †K‡U wb‡q Zvi GK cÖv‡šÍ cÖ`Ë
†Kv‡Yi mgvb †KvY AuvK‡Z n‡e|
▪ wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evû †`Iqv _vK‡j `yBwU evûi †hvMdj Aek¨B Z…Zxq evû A‡cÿv e„nËi n‡Z n‡e Ab¨_vq wÎfzR A¼b m¤¢e bq|
▪ e¨vmva© I †K›`ª Rvbv _vK‡j e„Ë A¼b m¤¢e|
▪ e„‡Ëi Ici GKwU we›`y‡Z GKwU ¯úk©K AuvKv hvq Ges ¯úk©K H we›`yMvgx e„‡Ëi e¨vmv‡a©i mv‡_ j¤^|
▪ ¯úk© we›`y‡Z ¯úk©‡Ki Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ †K›`ªMvgx|
▪ `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K †hfv‡eB ¯úk© KiæK, Zv †KejgvÎ GKwU we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡e Ges ¯úk©we›`y I †K›`ªØq mg‡iL n‡e|
▪ `yBwU e„Ë GKwU m¤ú~Y©fv‡e AciwUi Af¨šÍ‡i _v‡K Z‡e †Kv‡bv mvaviY ¯úk©K A¼b m¤¢e bq|
▪ GKwU e„‡Ëi I mij‡iLvi me©vwaK `yBwU †Q`we›`y _vK‡Z cv‡i|
▪ wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU kxl©we›`yMvgx e„Ë cwie„Ë|
▪ wÎfz‡Ri Af¨šÍ‡i Aew¯’Z evûÎq‡K ¯úk©Kvix e„Ë AšÍe„©Ë|
▪ wÎfz‡Ri GKwU evû I Aci `yB evûi ewa©Zvsk‡K ¯úk©Kvix e„Ë ewne„©Ë|
▪ GKwU wÎfz‡Ri †Kej GKwU AšÍe„©Ë I cwie„Ë wKš‘ ewne„©Ë wZbwU A¼b Kiv m¤¢e|

Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I mgvavb

1. d
D
C

A
x
x = 60 n‡j x Gi m¤ú~iK †Kv‡Yi A‡a©‡Ki gvb KZ? E

K 30 L 60  120 N 180

e¨vL¨v : `ywU m¤ú~iK †Kv‡Yi mgwó 180| B A M
B
x = 60 Gi m¤ú~iK †KvY n‡e (180 − 60) = 120
120
†Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri `yBwU †KvY A I B Ges wecixZ evû؇qi
 m¤ú~iK †Kv‡Yi A‡a©K = 2 = 60 AšÍi d †`Iqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
2. i. †h‡Kv‡bv ˆ`‡N©¨i wZbwU evû Øviv wÎfzR A¼b Kiv hvq bv| A¼‡bi weeiY :
ii. ïaygvÎ e¨vmva© Rvbv _vK‡j e„Ë A¼b Kiv hvq| avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ AM Gi A we›`y‡Z A Gi mgvb K‡i
iii. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z GKwUgvÎ ¯úk©K AuvKv hvq| MAD AuvwK|
Dc‡ii evK¨¸‡jvi †KvbwU mwVK? avc 2 : AD †iLvsk †_‡K d Gi mgvb K‡i AE Ask †K‡U wbB|
1
K i I ii L ii I iii  i I iii N i, ii I iii avc 3 : GLb E we›`y‡Z DEB = 2 (B + A) A¼b Kwi|
cÖkœ \ 3 \ †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri `yBwU †KvY I Zv‡`i wecixZ evû؇qi avc 4 : EB †iLvsk AM †K B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
AšÍi †`Iqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK| avc 5 : GLb B we›`y‡Z DEB Gi mgvb K‡i  EBC A¼b Kwi|
mgvavb : avc 6 : BC iwk¥ AD iwk¥‡K C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| B, C †hvM Kwi|
Zvn‡j, ABC B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  130
cÖkœ \ 4 \ †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg, f‚wgmsjMœ †KvY؇qi AšÍi I Zvn‡j, ABC B DwÏó wÎfzR|
Aci evû؇qi mgwó †`Iqv Av‡Q, wÎfzRwU AuvK| cÖkœ \ 6 \ f‚wg, wkit‡KvY I Aci †KvY؇qi AšÍi †`Iqv Av‡Q,
mgvavb : wÎfzRwU AuvK|
a mgvavb :
a
S

x y
F
P
A
Y D
x
1
Q y
1 2
x
2
D A
E
S
1
K y
2
C a X
B
†Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg a, wkit‡KvY x Ges Aci †KvY؇qi AšÍi
B M
a C y †`Iqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e|
g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg a, f‚wgmsjMœ †KvY؇qi AšÍi x Ges A¼‡bi weeiY :
Aci evû؇qi mgwó S †`Iqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e| avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ CX n‡Z f‚wg a Gi mgvb K‡i CB Ask
A¼‡bi weeiY : †K‡U wbB|
avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BM n‡Z f‚wg a Gi mgvb K‡i BC Ask avc 2 : C we›`y‡Z CB Gi Ici CY j¤^ A¼b Kwi|
†K‡U wbB| 1
avc 3 : C we›`y‡Z 2 x Gi mgvb K‡i YCD A¼b Kwi Ges
avc 2 : GLb, C we›`y‡Z 12 x Gi mgvb K‡i BCD A¼b Kwi|
1
avc 3 : GLb, CD Gi Dci C we›`y‡Z CP j¤^ A¼b Kwi| 2
y Gi mgvb K‡i DCF A¼b Kwi|
avc 4 : B we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i S Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU 1
avc 4 : B we›`y‡Z GLb 2 y Gi mgvb K‡i CBE A¼b Kwi|
e„ËPvc A¼b Kwi Zv CP †K Q we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
avc 5 : B, Q †hvM Kwi| avc 5 : BE †iLv CF †iLv‡K E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
avc 6 : GLb CP †iLvi C we›`y‡Z BQC Gi mgvb K‡i QCA avc 6 : B we›`y‡Z GLb FEB Gi mgvb K‡i EBA †KvY
A¼b Kwi| A¼b Kwi|
avc 7 : CA †iLv BQ †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| avc 7 : BA †iLv CF †iLv‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
Zvn‡j, ABC B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR| Zvn‡j, ABC wÎfzRB DwÏó wÎfzR|
cÖkœ \ 5 \ f‚wg, wkit‡KvY I Aci †KvY؇qi mgwó †`Iqv Av‡Q, cÖkœ \ 7 \ mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfyR I Aci `yB evûi mgwó
wÎfzRwU AuvK| †`Iqv Av‡Q, wÎfzRwU AuvK|
mgvavb : mgvavb :
D a
E
a S
C
A Y

x y
x

a
C
B

a a
X B
C D A s A
E
g‡b Kwi, mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfyR a Ges Aci `yB evûi mgwó
g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg a, wkit‡KvY x I Aci †KvY؇qi s †`Iqv Av‡Q, wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
mgwó y †`Iqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| A¼‡bi weeiY :
A¼‡bi weeiY : avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BX n‡Z S Gi mgvb K‡i BD Ask †K‡U wbB
avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BD Gi Ici A †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU we›`y wbB| avc 2 : D we›`y‡Z BD Gi Dci DY j¤^ AuvwK Ges BDY Gi
avc 2 : A we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb K‡i BAE AuvwK| A‡a©K K‡i BDE AuvwK|
avc 3 : B †K †K›`ª K‡i a Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| avc 3 : B we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i AwZfyR a -Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
avc 4 : e„ËPvcwU AE †K C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| GKwU e„ËPvc AuvwK|
avc 5 : B,C †hvM Kwi| avc 4 : e„ËPvcwU DE iwk¥‡K C I C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  131
avc 5 : B, C I B, C †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR|
avc 6 : GLb, C I C we›`y‡Z CDB Gi mgvb K‡i h_vµ‡g cÖkœ \ 10 \ Ggb GKwU e„Ë A¼b Ki hv GKwU wbw`©ó
DCA Ges DCA AuvwK|
mij‡iLv‡K Gi †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó we›`y‡Z Ges Aci GKwU e„ˇK ¯úk©
avc 7 : CA I CA †iLvskØq DB †iLvsk‡K h_vµ‡g A I A
we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| K‡i|
Zvn‡j, ABC I ABC -B-wb‡Y©q wÎfzR| mgvavb :
E
cÖkœ \ 8 \ f‚wgmsjMœ GKwU †KvY, D”PZv I Aci `yB evûi mgwó
†`Iqv Av‡Q, wÎfzRwU AvuK|
F
mgvavb : O C

B
Q
B

h
P Q
S Y
D A
Z

g‡b Kwi, O GKwU wbw`©ó e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges wbw`©ó †iLv PQ Gi

A
Dci¯’ A GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y| Ggb GKwU e„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e hv A
Q
s we›`y‡Z PQ †iLv‡K I cÖ`Ë e„ˇK †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i|
h A¼‡bi weeiY :
B
D
X avc 1 : O n‡Z PQ †iLvi Dci OD j¤^ AuvwK|
C C
g‡b Kwi, wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgmsjMœ †KvY B, D”PZv h, Gi Aci avc 2 : DO †K ewa©Z Kivq Zv e„‡Ëi cwiwai mv‡_ E we›`y‡Z
evû؇qi mgwó S †`Iqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| wgwjZ nq|
A¼‡bi weeiY : avc 3 : E, A †hvM Kwi| EA cÖ`Ë e„ˇK B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BX -Gi B we›`y‡Z B Gi mgvb K‡i XBY AuvwK| avc 4 : A we›`y‡Z AF ⊥ PQ AuvwK|
avc 2 : BY n‡Z S Gi mgvb K‡i BP Ask †K‡U wbB| B we›`y‡Z BZ ⊥ BX AuvwK| avc 5 : O, B †hvM K‡i ewa©Z Kivq Zv AF †K Q we›`y‡Z †Q`
avc 3 : BZ n‡Z D”PZv h Gi mgvb K‡i BQ Ask †K‡U wbB| K‡i| Q-B wb‡Y©q e„‡Ëi †K›`ª|
avc 4 : Q we›`y‡Z QA ⊥ BZ AuvwK| avc 6 : Q-†K †K›`ª K‡i Q A ev Q B Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
avc 5 : QA †iLv BP †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| ABC e„Ë AuvwK| Zvn‡j, ABC B DwÏó e„Ë|
avc 6 : A we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i AP Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU cÖkœ \ 11 \ Ggb GKwU e„Ë A¼b Ki hv GKwU wbw`©ó e„ˇK Gi
e„ËPvc AuvwK, hv BX iwk¥‡K C I C' we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| †h‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó we›`y‡Z Ges Aci GKwU e„ˇK †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z
avc 7 : A, C Ges A, C †hvM Kwi| ¯úk© K‡i|
Zvn‡j, ABC Ges ABC B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR| mgvavb :
cÖkœ \ 9 \ mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfyR I Aci `yBwU evûi AšÍi P
D
†`Iqv Av‡Q, wÎfzRwU AuvK|
mgvavb : O O
a

b C
B E
N

A
O

C
F F
E

B g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë B GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y Ges O

g‡b Kwi, GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfyR a Ges Aci `yB evûi
†K›`ªwewkó bAci GKwU e„Ë| Ggb GKwU e„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e hv O
AšÍi d †`Iqv Av‡Q, wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼‡bi weeiY : †K›`ªwewkó e„ˇK B we›`y‡Z Ges O †K›`ªwewkó e„ˇK †Kv‡bv
avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ EF Gi E we›`y‡Z FEN = 45 AuvwK| we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i|
avc 2 : Gevi NE †K EB ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi †hb EB = d nq| A¼‡bi weeiY :
avc 3 : AZtci B we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i a-Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q avc 1 : O, B †hvM K‡i F ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi|
GKwU e„ËPvc AuvwK hv EF †K C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| avc 2 : B we›`y‡Z BP ¯úk©K AuvwK|
avc 4 : cwi‡k‡l C we›`y‡Z EC-Gi mv‡_ ECA = CEN AuvwK avc 3 : O n‡Z DO ⊥ BP AuvwK|
†hb CA, EN †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  132
avc 4 : DO †K ewa©Z Kwi †hb Zv O †K›`ªwewkó e„ˇK E a

we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| E, B †hvM Kwi| b

avc 5 : EB, O †K›`ªwewkó e„ˇK C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| c
avc 6 : O, C †hvM K‡i ewa©Z Kivq Zv OF †K O we›`y‡Z †Q` a b c a
K‡i| Zvn‡j O B wb‡Y©q e„‡Ëi †K›`ª|
avc 7 : GLb O †K †K›`ª K‡i O C ev O B Gi mgvb e¨vmva©
wb‡q ABC e„ËwU AuvwK|
D
Zvn‡j, ABC -B wb‡Y©q e„Ë|
b a
cÖkœ \ 12 \ Ggb GKwU e„Ë A¼b Ki hv GKwU wbw`©ó B A
mij‡iLv‡K †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z Ges GKwU wbw`©ó e„ˇK Gi †Kv‡bv a
b
wbw`©ó we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i|
mgvavb : E
F c
c
C

O P

C g‡b Kwi, a, b, c wZbwU wbw`©ó †iLvsk| GB wZbwU †iLvsk‡K

O B e¨vmva© wn‡m‡e wb‡q Ggb wZbwU e„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e hviv ci¯úi‡K
ewnt¯úk© K‡i|
A¼‡bi weeiY :
P
D A
Q avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BP n‡Z (b + c) Gi mgvb K‡i BC Ask
†K‡U wbB|
avc 2 : B †K †K›`ª K‡i (b + a) Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU
g‡b Kwi, PQ GKwU wbw`©ó mij‡iLv Ges O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„ËPvc AuvwK|
wbw`©ó e„‡Ë C GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y| Ggb GKwU wbw`©ó e„Ë AuvK‡Z avc 3 : Avevi, C †K †K›`ª K‡i (c + a) Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
n‡e hv O †K›`ªwewkó e„ˇK C we›`y‡Z I PQ mij‡iLv‡K †Kv‡bv AviI GKwU e„ËPvc AuvwK|
we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i| avc 4 : PvcØq ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
A¼‡bi weeiY : avc 5 : A, B I C we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i a, b I c Gi mgvb e¨vmva©
avc 1 : O, C †hvM Kwi| wb‡q wZbwU e„Ë AuvwK|
avc 2 : C we›`y w`‡q CD ¯úk©K AuvwK †hb Zv PQ †K D we›`y‡Z avc 6 : e„˸‡jv ci¯úi‡K D, E I F we›`y‡Z ewnt¯’fv‡e ¯úk© K‡i|
†Q` K‡i| Zvn‡j D³ e„Ë wZbwUB wb‡Y©q e„Ë|
avc 3 : CDQ Gi mgwØLÊK AuvwK| cÖkœ \ 14 \ O †K›`ªwewkó †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi AB R¨v-Gi P †h‡Kv‡bv
avc 4 : OC-†K ewa©Z Kivq Zv mgwØLʇK O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| we›`y| P we›`y w`‡q Aci GKwU R¨v CD A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e| †hb
CP = AP. PB nq|
2
avc 5 : O †_‡K OA ⊥ PQ AuvwK|
avc 6 : GLb, O †K †K›`ª K‡i O'A ev OC Gi mgvb e¨vmva© mgvavb :
wb‡q ABC e„Ë AuvwK|
Zvn‡j, ABC-B wb‡Y©q e„Ë|
O
cÖkœ \ 13 \ wfbœ wfbœ e¨vmva©wewkó Giƒc wZbwU e„Ë AuvK †hb Zviv
ci¯úi‡K ewnt¯úk© K‡i| B
mgvavb :
C D
P

g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB R¨v-Gi Dci P †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU

we›`y| P we›`y w`‡q Aci GKwU R¨v CD A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e †hb,
CP = AP. PB nq|
2

A¼‡bi weeiY :
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  133
avc 1 : O, P †hvM Kwi| A¼‡bi weeiY :
avc 2 : P we›`y‡Z OP ⊥ CP AuvwK| avc 1 : AB I AC †iLvs‡ki j¤^ mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g EM I
avc 3 : j¤^wU e„ˇK C we›`y‡Z Ges CP Gi ewa©Zvsk e„ˇK D FN †iLvsk AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, Zviv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| avc 2 : A, O †hvM Kwi| O-†K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb
e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK|
Zvn‡j CD-B wb‡Y©q R¨v|
Zvn‡j, e„ËwU A, B I C we›`yMvgx n‡e Ges GB e„ËwUB
cÖkœ \ 15 \ mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg 5 †m. wg. Ges mgvb mgvb ABC Gi wb‡Y©q cwie„Ë|
evûi ˆ`N©¨ 6 †m. wg.| cwie„‡Ëi e¨vmva© wbY©q : ABC wÎfz‡Ri kxl©we›`y †_‡K BC
K. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| Gi Dci AD j¤^ AuvwK|
L. wÎfyRwUi cwie„Ë A¼b K‡i e¨vmva© wbY©q Ki| GLb, ABD-G
AD2 + BD2 = AB2 [wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨]
M. Ggb GKwU e„Ë A¼b Ki hv c~‡e© Aw¼Z cwie„‡Ëi e¨vmv‡a©i 2
mgvb GKwU e„ˇK P we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i Ges e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’
†Kv‡bv we›`y Q w`‡q hvq|
ev, AD2 = AB2 − BD2 = AB2 − (BC2)
= 62 − (2.5)2
mgvavb : = 36 − 6.25 = 29.75
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abymv‡i wÎfzRwU A¼b Kiv n‡jv :  AD = 5.45
 ABC Gi cwie„‡Ëi e¨vmva© R n‡j,
[Link] = [Link] [ eªþ¸‡ßi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i]
5 †m. wg. 6 †m. wg. ev, 2R  5.45 = 6  6
6 †m. wg.
36
6 †m. wg. ev, R = 10.9 = 3.3 †m. wg. (cªvq)
 cwie„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 3.3 †m. wg. (cÖvq)|
B 5 †m. wg. C
M.
g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU mgwØevû wÎfzR, hvi f‚wg BC = 5 †m. wg. R
R

Ges mgvb mgvb evûi ˆ`N©¨ AB = AC = 6 †m. wg.|

A
L. C
33 †[Link]. P
A O

M N s Q
B

O ÔLÕ †_‡K cÖvß cwie„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 3.3 †m. wg.| GLb r e¨vmva©
6 †[Link]. 6 †[Link].
wewkó e„‡Ëi †K›`ª C, P H e„‡Ëi Ici Aew¯’Z GKwU wbw`©ó
F
E we›`y Ges Q H e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y| Giƒc
GKwU e„Ë A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e hv C †K›`ªwewkó e„ˇK P
B D 5 †[Link]. C
we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i Ges Q we›`y w`‡q hvq|
A¼‡bi weeiY :
ABC wÎfzRwUi cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e| avc 1 : P, Q †hvM Kwi|
A_©vr Ggb GKwU e„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e, hv wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU avc 2 : PQ Gi j¤^wØLÊK AB AuvwK|
kxl©we›`y A, B I C we›`y w`‡q hvq| avc 3 : C,P †hvM Kwi Ges ewa©Z Kwi|
avc 4 : ewa©Z CP †iLvsk AB †K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
avc 5 : O †K †K›`ª K‡i OP Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU
e„Ë PQR-AuvwK|
Zvn‡j, PQR -B DwÏó e„Ë|

¸iæZ¡c~Y© enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

1. x = 40, x Gi m¤ú~iK †Kv‡Yi A‡a©‡Ki gvb KZ? K 3, 4, 5 L 6, 8, 10
M 5, 12, 13  12, 15, 19
X
4. GKwU mvgvšÍwiK AuvK‡Z Kgc‡ÿ KZwU Z‡_¨i cÖ‡qvRb?
3 L4
K 75  70 M 65 N 60
M5 N6
2. GKwU AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi cwimxgv 20 wgUvi Ges ˆ`N©¨ 8 5. wZbwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K ewnt¯úk© K‡i‡Q, hv‡`i e¨vmva© h_vµ‡g
wgUvi evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj KZ? 5, 6 I 7 †[Link].| e„Ë wZbwUi †K›`ª Øviv MwVZ wÎfz‡Ri
K 8 eM©wgUvi L 10 eM©wgUvi  16 eM©wgUvi N 24 eM©wgUvi
cwimxgv KZ?
3. wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ (†[Link].) †`Iqv _vK‡j †Kvb †ÿ‡Î K 9 †[Link]. L 18 †[Link].  36 †[Link]. N 54 †[Link].
mg‡KvYx wÎfzR AuvKv m¤¢e bq?
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  134
6. 1 cm, 2 cm I 3 cm evûwewkó wÎfzR A¼b Kiv hvq wK? M i I iii N i, ii I iii
K A¼b Kiv hvq L Rvbv †bB
8. ïay GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ †`Iqv _vK‡j−
 A¼b Kiv hv‡e bv NKIM
i. mgevû wÎfzR A¼b Kiv hvq
7. e„‡Ëi †ÿ‡Î−
i. e„Ë Ges Gi †Q`‡Ki GKwU gvÎ mvaviY we›`y _v‡K ii. eM©‡ÿÎ A¼b Kiv hvq
ii. ¯úk©K ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i Dci j¤^ iii. AvqZ‡ÿÎ A¼b Kiv hvq
iii. e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K e„‡Ë `yB‡qi AwaK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
¯úk©K AuvKv Am¤¢e  i I ii L ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M i I iii N i, ii I iii
Ki  ii I iii

AwZwi³ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

A

41 : wÎfzR msµvšÍ KwZcq Dccv`¨

mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
B C
9. 70 Gi m¤ú~iK †Kv‡Yi A‡a©‡Ki gvb KZ? (ga¨g) wP‡Î ABC †Kvb cÖK…wZi wÎfzR? (mnR)
K 110  55 M 20 N 10  ¯’~j‡KvYx L m~²‡KvYx M welgevû N mgwØevû
10. PQR mgevû wÎfz‡Ri wkit‡Kv‡Yi m¤ú~iK †Kv‡Yi `yB 21. A

Z…Zxqvs‡ki gvb KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g) E

G F
K 60  80 M 100 N 130
11. wÎfz‡Ri wZb evûi ˆ`N©¨ †`Iqv Av‡Q, wb‡Pi †Kvb †ÿ‡Î
mg‡KvYx wÎfzR AuvKv m¤¢e? (mnR)
ABC
B D C
wÎfz‡R CE, AD I BF h_vµ‡g AB, BC I CA evûi
K 3, 4, 6 L 5, 7, 9  5, 12, 13 N 6, 8, 11
ga¨gv n‡j †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
12. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jvi ˆ`N©¨ 3 : 4 : 5 Ges cwimxgv 240  2EC = 3GC L 2AD = 2GC
†[Link]. n‡j, ÿz`ªZg evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ? (ga¨g) M 2BG = 2BA N AD = CE
K 30 †[Link]. L 60 †[Link].  80 †[Link]. N 100 †[Link]. 22. x = 55 n‡j x Gi c~iK †Kv‡Yi A‡a©‡Ki gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
13. A K 25 L 105  125 N 145
35 23. A

60
B D
C
wP‡Î ABC Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
K 15  25 M 45 N 55
14. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri wkit‡KvY 60 n‡j Aci †KvY KZ n‡e? (ga¨g) B C
ABC mgwØevû wÎfz‡R BAC Gi c~iK †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ?
K 90 L 60  30 N 20 (ga¨g)
15. mgwØevû mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfyR msjMœ †KvY؇qi AbycvZ K 25  45 M 90 N 145
†KvbwU n‡e? (ga¨g) 24. A

K3:2 L 3:1 M 2:1  1:1

16. 50 †Kv‡Yi m¤ú~iK †Kv‡Yi GK-cÂgvsk wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 26 L 30 M 35 N 36
17. 45 †Kv‡Yi c~iK †Kv‡Yi wظY wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) B C
ABC wÎfz‡Ri wkit‡KvY wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K 30 L 45 M 60  90
 A L B M C N A + B
18. mij †Kv‡Yi GK-Z…Zxqvsk wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
25. 65 †Kv‡Yi m¤ú~iK †Kv‡Yi wظY KZ? (ga¨g)
K 45  60 M 120 N 180
K 115 L 125 M 130  230
19. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgmsjMœ GKwU †KvY Gi kxl©‡Kv‡Yi mgvb e¨vL¨v : †h‡nZz `yBwU m¤ú~iK †Kv‡Yi mgwó 180
n‡j wÎfzRwU †Kvb cÖKv‡ii? (mnR)  65 †Kv‡Yi m¤ú~iK †KvY = (180 − 65) = 15
K mgevû  mgwØevû M welgevû N mg‡KvYx  wظY (115  2) = 230
20. 26. †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó †KvY I Zvi c~iK †Kv‡Yi mgwó KZ wWMÖx? (mnR)
 90 L 130 M 180 N 360
27. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgmsjMœ †Kv‡Yi mgwó 135 n‡j wÎfz‡Ri
GKwU †Kv‡Yi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  135
K 30  45 M 55 N 115 35. D
28. A E

A 45

B F G
30
AB||EF n‡j AFE Gi gvb KZ? (mnR) B C
K 35  55 M 85 N 105 wP‡ÎÑ
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi i. ACB = 15
ii. BAC = 135
29. wÎfzR AuvKv m¤¢e n‡e hw` †`Iqv _v‡KÑ iii. AB  AC
i. wZbwU evû wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
ii. wZbwU †KvY K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
iii. `yB evû I GK‡KvY 36. wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg S I Aci evû؇qi mgwó P †`Iqv Av‡Q|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) G‡ÿ‡ÎÑ
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii i. S = P
ii. P > S
30. 5 †[Link]. evûwewkó GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwie„Ë A¼b
iii. wÎfzRwUi
cwimxgv S + P
Ki‡jÑ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
i. wÎfzRwUi cwie„‡Ëi e¨vm n‡e 5 †[Link].
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
ii. wÎfzRwUi cwie„‡Ëi e¨vmva© n‡e 2.88 †[Link].
37. ïay GKwU evû †`Iqv _vK‡j AuvKv hvq-
iii. wÎfzRwUi kxl©we›`y †_‡K f‚wgi Dci Aw¼Z j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ 4.33
i. eM©‡ÿÎ
†[Link].
ii. mgevû wÎfzR
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
iii. i¤^m
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
31. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg a I Aci evû؇qi mgwó S †`Iqv Av‡Q|
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡jÑ (ga¨g)
38.
i. wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv = a + s n‡e F
ii. a > s n‡e
iii. s > a n‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? B
A E C D
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wP‡Î mg‡KvY n‡jv-
32. i. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri `ywU evû I Zv‡`i AšÍfz©³ GKwU †KvY i. ACF
†`Iqv _vK‡j wÎfyRwU AuvKv m¤¢e ii. FCD
ii. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv †`Iqv _vK‡j wÎfyRwU AuvKv hvq iii. AFD
iii. i¤^‡mi GK evû †`Iqv _vK‡j i¤^m AuvKv hvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
33. i. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨K †Kv‡Yi gvb 45
ii. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evû ci¯úi mgvb wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 39 Ñ 41 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
iii. evû‡f‡` wÎfzR wZb cÖKvi mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR 10 GKK Ges Aci evû؇qi mgwó 14
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) GKK| wÎfzRwUi D”PZv h GKK|
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
39. h Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
1 K4 L6 M 4 A_ev 6  6 A_ev 8
34. i. wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 2  f~wg  D”PZv 40. wÎfzRwUi f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ KZ? (ga¨g)
ii. mij‡Kv‡Yi gvb 180  14 − h L 14 − h2 M 14 − h N 142 − h2
iii. 75 †Kv‡Yi c~iK †Kv‡Yi gvb 25 41. wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© GKK? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K 12  24 M 48 N 96
1
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii e¨vL¨v : †ÿÎdj = 2  8  6 = 24 eM© GKK
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 42 - 44 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  136
F 53. m~²‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri cwie„Ë A¼b Ki‡j Gi cwi‡K›`ª †Kv_vq
D
_vK‡e? (mnR)
K AwZfy‡R L f‚wg‡Z  Af¨šÍ‡i N ewnf©v‡M
7 †[Link]. 54. wÎfz‡Ri kxl©we›`y w`‡q Aw¼Z e„ˇK H wÎfz‡Ri Kx e‡j?
P
A K ewnte„&Ë L AšÍe„Ë  cwie„Ë N bewe›`y e„Ë
55. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri cwie„Ë A¼b Ki‡j Zvi †K›`ª †Kv_vq
_vK‡e?
60
B E K f‚wgi Dci  j‡¤^i Dci
5 †[Link]. C
M AwZfz‡Ri Dci N Af¨šÍ‡i
AP, CD Gi j¤^wØLÊK| BD = 7 †[Link]. Ges BC = 5 †[Link].|
56. e„‡Ëi e¨vm d n‡j Gi cwiwa wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
42. APD I APC Gi g‡a¨ ci¯úi m¤úK© Kx? (mnR)
1
K APD  APC  APD  APC K 2r  d M 2d N d
2
M APD > APC N APC  APD
43. AC Gi gvb †KvbwU? 57. wÎfz‡Ri cwi‡K›`ª, fi‡K›`ª I j¤^we›`y Øviv MwVZ wÎfz‡Ri
K 5 − AB L 5 − AP  7 − AB N 7 − AP †ÿÎdj KZ eM© GKK? (ga¨g)
44. AB + AC = KZ †[Link].? (mnR) K0 1 M5 N 10
K5 7 M 12 N 14 58. 2 †[Link]. e¨vmva© wewkó e„‡Ëi †K›`ª †_‡K ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 45 - 47 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : we›`yi `~iZ¡ 6 †[Link]. n‡j, H we›`y n‡Z e„‡Ëi Ici Aw¼Z
D C
¯úk©‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ KZ? (ga¨g)
K 632 †[Link]. L 591 †[Link].
3
 566 †[Link]. N 447 †[Link].
A 59. A I B †K›`ªwewkó `yBwU e„Ë P we›`y‡Z ci¯úi ewnt¯úk©
6 E F B
45. AECD †Kvb ai‡bi PZzfz©R? (mnR) Ki‡j, APB = KZ? (ga¨g)
K AvqZ‡ÿÎ L eM© M i¤^m  mvgvšÍwiK K 0 L 90  180 N 300
46. ABCD e„˯’ n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 60. GKwU mij‡iLv †Kv‡bv e„ Ë ‡K ¯úk© Ki‡j Zv H e„ˇK KqwU
 AD = BC L BC = AF M CD = AB N BE = BC we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i? (mnR)
47. ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri †ÿÎdj KZ? (mnR) 1 L2 M3 N4
K 10 eM© GKK L 12 eM© GKK 61. 2 †[Link]., 3 †[Link]., I 4 †[Link]. e¨vmva©wewkó wZbwU e„Ë
 15 eM© GKK N 16 eM© GKK ci¯úi‡K ewnt¯úk© K‡i| e„‡Ëi †K›`ª¸‡jv †hvM Ki‡j †h
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 48 - 50bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wÎfzR cvIqv hvq Zvi cwimxgv KZ †[Link].? (ga¨g)
F
K9  18 M 27 N 36
62. e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K e„‡Ë KqwU ¯úk©K AuvKv hvq?
B (mnR)
A E C D
2 L3 M4 N5
48. AFD = KZ n‡e? (mnR)
63. 25 eM© †[Link]. †ÿÎdjwewkó e‡M©i KY©‡K e¨vm a‡i Aw¼Z
K 45  90 M 95 N 115
e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj KZ? (ga¨g)
49. wP‡Î CFD Gi mgvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K 5.2 eM© GKK L 10.5 eM© GKK
K FAB L AFC  FAC N FAD
 12.5 eM© GKK N 18.5 eM© GKK
50. FAC + AFC = KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
64. A
 90 L 100 M 120 N 180
O
42 : e„Ë msµvšÍ A¼b
B C
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
51. e„‡Ëi cwiwai †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z KqwU ¯úk©K AuvKv m¤¢e? (mnR) wP‡Î A = 60 Ges O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª| BOC Gi gvb KZ?
1 L2 M4 N AmsL¨ (ga¨g)
52. ¯’~j‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri cwie„Ë A¼b Ki‡j Gi cwi‡K›`ª †Kv_vq K 30 L 60 M 90  120
_vK‡e? (mnR) 65. `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K AšÍt¯’fv‡e ¯úk© K‡i| e„Ë؇qi e¨vmva©
K AwZfy‡R  ewnf©v‡M
4 I 6 GKK n‡j †K›`ªØ‡qi ga¨eZ©x `~iZ¡ KZ? (ga¨g)
M Af¨šÍ‡i N e„nËi evû‡Z
2 L4 M6 N8
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  137
66. wb‡Pi e„ËwU‡ZÑ wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 71 I 72 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A B

O 30
P
2 wgUvi 2 wgUvi
B C
O

A
i. OA = AB
1
ii. OA = BC 71. PB Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ? (mnR)
2
iii. AOC = 2ABC K 21 wg. L 29 wg. M 21 wg.  2 3 wg.
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 72. Mvp wPwýZ As‡ki †ÿ‡Îdj KZ? (ga¨g)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 2 3
 eM© wg. L  eM© wg. M 2 eM© wg. N 4 eM© wg.
67. e„‡ËiÑ 3
i. mKj mgvb R¨v †K›`ª n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 73 I 74 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
ii. ïay †K›`ª Rvbv _vK‡j e„Ë AuvKv hvq 1, 2 I 3 GKK e¨vmva©wewkó wZbwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K ewnt¯úk© K‡i
iii. e„nËg R¨v e„‡Ëi e¨vm hv‡`i †K›`ª h_vµ‡g, p, q I r|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 73. pq Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ GKK? (ga¨g)
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K 1 GKK L 2 GKK  3 GKK N 4 GKK
A 74. pqr Gi cwimxgv KZ GKK? (ga¨g)
68. P O
K6  12 M 16 N 24
wb‡Pi wP‡Î Av‡jv‡K 75 − 77 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
C
B
O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K PA I PB n‡jÑ
i. PA = PB
O
ii. PAO = 90 3
B
iii. OA = AC 5 C
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii A
P
2
69. e„ËwUi e¨vmva© 5 †[Link]. Ges †K›`ª †_‡K AB R¨v Gi j¤^ `~iZ¡ 3
G
E F †[Link].|
75. e„‡Ëi †K›`ª n‡Z ¯úk©‡Ki j¤^ `~iZ¡ KZ †[Link].? (mnR)
K3 L4 5 N8
D
76. AB R¨v Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †[Link].? (ga¨g)
K3 L4 M5 8
wP‡ÎÑ
77.  AOB Gi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †[Link].? (ga¨g)
i. DGE = 2 DFE
K6 L 10  12 N 24
1
ii. GD = EF
2
wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 78 I 79 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
iii. GD = FD 3, 4 I r †[Link]. e¨vmva©wewkó wZbwU e„Ë ci¯úi ewnt¯úk© Ki‡j
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) Zv‡`i †K›`ª¸‡jv †hvM Ki‡j †h wÎfzR cvIqv hvq Zvi cwimxgv 24
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii †[Link].|
70. D 78. r = KZ †[Link]? (ga¨g)
K3 5 M7 N 25
O 79. r †[Link]. e¨vmva© wewkó e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †[Link].? (mnR)
K 7 L 14   25  N 49 
E F
N wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 80 - 82bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
A
wP‡Î EF = 4 †[Link]. I ON j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ 1 †[Link]. n‡jÑ
i. OFN Gi †ÿÎdj 1 eM© †[Link].
ii. ON †K e¨vmva© a‡i Aw¼Z e„‡Ëi cwiwa 2 †[Link].
iii. e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 5 †[Link]. O

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) B C

K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii wP‡Î, O †K›`ª w ewkó e„ Ë wU ABC-Gi Af¨šÍ‡i Aew¯’Z|

Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 80. O †K›`ªwewkó e„ËwU ABC-Gi- (mnR)
K cwie„Ë L ewnte„Ë  AšÍte„Ë N Dce„Ë
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  138
81. O, ABC Gi- (ga¨g) L OA + OC BC
 fi‡K›`ª L Dce„Ë M j¤^we›`y N Dc‡K›`ª  OA + OB + OC < AB + AC + BC
N A + B = OCC + O
82. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
K OA + OB + OC > AB + BC + AC

wbe©vwPZ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

83. wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg, wki‡KvY I Aci evû؇qi mgwó †`Iqv _vK‡j e. †m. wg. K9 L 10 e. †m. wg.
KqwU wÎfzR A¼b Kiv hvq?  wÎfzR A¼b m¤¢e bq N Amxg
K2 1 M4 N5 88. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri wkit‡KvY 30 n‡j Aci †KvY KZ wWwMÖ
84. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jvi AbycvZ 6 : 8 : 10 n‡j, Gi e„nËi n‡e?
†Kv‡Yi cwigvc KZ wWwMÖ? K 30 L 40  60 N 70
K 60  90 M 120 N 180 89. †Kvb wÎfz‡RiÑ
85. †Kv‡bv e‡M©i AšÍwj©wLZ e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 10 †[Link]. n‡j, eM©wUi i. cwi‡K›`ª, fi‡K›`ª I j¤^we›`y mg‡iL
GKevûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m. wg.? ii. f‚wg, f‚wg msjMœ †KvY I D”PZv †`Iqv _vK‡j wÎfzR A¼b m¤¢e
K5  10 2 M 20 N 25
iii. fi‡K›`ª †h‡Kv‡bv ga¨gv‡K 1 : 2 Abycv‡Z wef³ K‡i
86. wÎfz‡Ri kxl©we›`y w`‡q Aw¼Z e„‡Ëi bvg Kx?
 cwie„Ë L AšÍte„Ë M ewnte„Ë N bewe›`ye„Ë
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
87. 3 †[Link]., 1 †[Link]. Ges 6 †[Link]. †iLv Øviv Aw¼Z wÎfz‡Ri  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

†ÿÎdj KZ?

G A a¨v‡q i c vV mg wš^Z e nyw be©v Pwb cÖ‡ kœv Ëi

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi O
4 P
90. 5 Q
Q A
O
e„ËwUi e¨vmva© 5 GKK Ges †K›`ª †_‡K AP R¨v Gi j¤^ `~iZ¡ 4
O 
R P GKK|
S
92. e„‡Ëi †K›`ª †Z‡K ¯úk©‡Ki j¤^ `~iZ¡ KZ GKK? (ga¨g)
0 †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K PQ I PS n‡j- 5 L4 M9 N1
e¨vL¨v : †K›`ª †_‡K ¯úk©‡Ki j¤^ `~iZ¡ = e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© = 5 GKK|
i. OQP = 90
ii. OQ = OR
93. AP R¨v Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ GKK? (ga¨g)
iii. PQ = PS K5 L4 6 N1
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 94. OAP-wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj KZ eM© GKK? (KwVb)
6 L 12 M 24 N 10
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 95 Ñ 97 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
91. Y
A D
L
A
O 130
 60
B X
B C
8 †[Link].
P
wP‡Î BD = 7 †[Link]. BC = 4 †[Link]. AL, CD Gi j¤^mgwØLÊK
wP‡Î, BC = 4 †[Link]. I OP j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ 1 †[Link]. n‡jÑ 95. AB + AC Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
i. e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 5 †[Link]. K 4 †[Link]. L 3 †[Link].
ii. OCP Gi †ÿÎdj 1 eM© †[Link].  7 †[Link]. N 2 †[Link].
iii. OP †K e¨vmva© a‡i Aw¼Z e„‡Ëi cwiwa 2 †[Link]. 96. ABC Gi wkit‡KvY KZ? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K 30 L 50 M 60  70
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii 97. ABC Gi cwimxgv KZ? (ga¨g)
 11 †[Link]. L (7 + 4 + AC) †[Link].
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi M (AB + BC + 7) †[Link]. N 7 †[Link].
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 92 Ñ 94 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 98 Ñ 100 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  139
1, 2I 3 GKK e¨vmva©wewkó wZbwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K ewnt¯úk© K‡i| 99. e„Ë·qi †gvU †ÿÎdj KZ eM© GKK? (KwVb)
hv‡`i †K›`ª h_vµ‡g a,b, c| K6 L 10  M 12   14 
98. ab Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ ? (ga¨g) 100. abc Gi cixmxgv KZ GKK? (KwVb)
K 4 GKK  3 GKK K6  12 M 24 N 18
M 2 GKK N 1 GKK

A byk xj b g ~j K K v‡R i A v‡j v‡K m„R b kxj cÖk œ I mg vavb

œ 1  ABC-Gi B = 45 †`Iqv Av‡Q|
cÖk- wP‡Î, wÎfz‡Ri evû wZbwU h_vµ‡g a = 5 †[Link]., b = 12
K. †KvYwU AuvK| 2 †[Link]. Ges c = 13 †[Link].|
L. BC = 46 †[Link]. Ges AB + CA = 82 †[Link]. n‡j L. g‡b Kwi, wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨, a = 5 †[Link]., b = 12
wÎfzRwU AuvK| 4 †[Link]. Ges c = 13 †[Link].| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
a
M. BC = 45 †[Link]. Ges AB − AC = 25 †[Link]. n‡j 5 †m. wg.
wÎfzRwU AuvK| 4 b
 1 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  12 †m. wg.
c
K. Rbbx gva¨wgK D”PZi MwY‡Zi 159 c„ôvi Abykxjbg~jK KvR 13 †m. wg.
2bs †`L| A
L. Rbbx gva¨wgK D”PZi MwY‡Zi 159 c„ôvi Abykxjbg~jK KvR
2bs †`L|
M. Rbbx gva¨wgK D”PZi MwY‡Zi 159 c„ôvi Abykxjbg~jK KvR 13 †m. wg.

wg.
4bs †`L|
5 †m.
œ 2  GKwU wÎfz‡Ri evû wZbwU h_vµ‡g 5 †[Link]., 12 †[Link].
cÖk-
I 13 †[Link].| [KvR : c„ôv-87] G
B 12 †m. wg. C
K. wÎfz‡Ri evû wZbwU A¼b Ki| 2
A¼‡bi weeiY :
L. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| 4 avc 1: †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BG †_‡K BC = b = 12 †[Link]. Ask
M. wÎfzRwUi AšÍe„©Ë A¼b K‡i e¨vmva© wbY©q Ki| 4 †K‡U wbB|
 2 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  avc 2 : BC †iLvi B I C-†K †K›`ª K‡i h_vµ‡g a I c Gi
K. mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q BC- Gi GKB cv‡k `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK|
a g‡b Kwi, e„ËPvcØq ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
5 †m. wg. avc 3 : A, B Ges A, C †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j ABC-B DwÏó
b
12 †m. wg. wÎfzR|
c M. Rbbx gva¨wgK D”PZi MwY‡Zi 161 c„ôvi Abykxjbg~jK KvR
13 †m. wg. 1bs †`L|

AwZwi³ m„R bkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 3  `ywU †iLvsk a I b Ges GKwU †KvY x †`Iqv Av‡Q|
cÖk- a E
F
b
K. hw` a GKwU wÎfy‡Ri f‚wg, b Aci evû؇qi mgwó
A
Ges x wÎfyRwUi wkit‡KvY nq Z‡e wÎfyRwUi
b V
wPwýZ wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2 x
45

L. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ D‡jøLc~e©K A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4

M. hw` x GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg msjMœ GKwU †KvY, a
B a C D
wÎfyRwUi D”PZv Ges b Aci evû؇qi mgwó nq
ABC G BC = a, AB + AC = b, Ges ABC = x
Z‡e, wÎfyRwUi wPwýZ wPÎ AuvK Ges A¼‡bi
L. g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg a, Aci evû؇qi mgwó b Ges
weeiY `vI| 4 wkit‡KvY x †`Iqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
 3 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  A¼‡bi weeiY :
K. avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BD †_‡K BC = a †K‡U wbB|
avc 2 : BD †iLvi B we›`y‡Z DBF = x AuvwK|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  140
avc 3 : BF iwk¥ †_‡K BE = b †K‡U wbB| EC †hvM Kwi| a A
E
6 †[Link].
avc 4 : EC †iLvi j¤^wØLÊK AuvwK hv BE †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| d
2 †[Link].
avc 5 : AC †hvM Kwi|
Zvn‡j ABC wb‡Y©q wÎfzR|
M. a
b E
D
60 d
F H C
B F
x
ABC-Gi f‚wg a = 6 †m. wg., wkit‡KvY x = 60 Ges
Aci `yB evûi AšÍi d = 2 †m. wg. †`Iqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU
A
AuvK‡Z n‡e|
G R A¼‡bi weeiY :
avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K BD = d †K‡U wbB|
a 1
x avc 2 : BE iwk¥i D we›`y‡Z EDF = 2 (180−x) AuvwK|
D avc 3 : B we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i a Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU
B C C
e„ËPvc AuvwK †hb Zv DF iwk¥‡K C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg msjMœ GKwU †KvY x, D”PZv a avc 4 : C we›`y‡Z EDC = DCA AuvwK| CA, DE iwk¥‡K
Ges Aci evû؇qi mgwó b †`Iqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q|
A¼‡bi weeiY : Zvn‡jABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR|
avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv †iLvsk BD Gi B we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb M. Ô(L)Õ wP‡Î cÖ`Ë ABC Gi cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e|
E
K‡i DBE AuvwK| A
avc 2 : BD Gi B we›`y‡Z BF ⊥ BD AuvwK| BF n‡Z BG = a a 6 †m. wg.
M

Ask †K‡U wbB| d Q

2 †m. wg.
avc 3 : G we›`y w`‡q BD Gi mgvšÍivj K‡i GR AuvwK| GR D
O
†iLv BE †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| GLb BE n‡Z BH = b Ask KvwU| B
P

avc 4 : A we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i AH Gi mgvb e¨mva© wb‡q GKwU C F

e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„ËPvcwU BD †K C I C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|

avc 5 : A, C I A, C †hvM Kwi| N
Zvn‡j ABC I ABC wÎfzRØq wb‡Y©q wÎfzR| A¼‡bi weeiY :
œ 4  ABC-Gi f‚wg a = 6 †m. wg., wkit‡KvY x = 60 Ges Aci
cÖk- avc 1 : BC Gi mgwØLÊK MN Ges AC Gi j¤^wØLÊK PQ
AuvwK| Giv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q|
`yB evûi AšÍi d = 2 †m. wg.|
avc 2 : O we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i OCÑGi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
K. wÎfzRwU Gu‡K DcwiD³ Z_¨¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki| 2 GKwU e„Ë AuvwK| Giƒ‡c Aw¼Z e„ËB wb‡Y©q e„Ë|
L. c×wZ Abymv‡i wÎfzRwU AuvK| 4
M. wÎfzRwUi GKwU cwie„Ë AuvK| œ 5  wÎfz‡Ri D”PZv, f‚wgi Dci ga¨gv Ges f‚wg msjMœ GKwU
4 cÖk-
†KvY †`Iqv Av‡Q|
 4 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  K. mg‡KvY Gu‡K D”PZv wbY©q Ki| 2
K. L. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| 4
A
M. A¼‡bi weeiY `vI Ges †hŠw³KZv Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4
60  5 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
K.
C
D
d = 2 †m. wg.
E
B C
a = 6 †m. wg. h
ABC-Gi wPÎ AuvwK Ges cÖ`Ë Ask BC = a, BD = d Ges h

BAC = 60 wPwýZ Kwi|

L.
B
A
wP‡Î, CAB = 90 = GK mg‡KvY| h Gi mgvb K‡i AE
†iLv-B cÖ`Ë D”PZv|
L.
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  141
†`Iqv Av‡Q, wÎfzRwUi f‚wg, a = 5 †m. wg. Ges D”PZv,
h = 35 †m. wg., f‚wg msjMœ GKwU †KvY x = 60| G
Z_¨¸‡jv DcwiD³ wP‡Î Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv|
L. cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i mvnv‡h¨ GKwU wÎfzR AuvKv n‡jv|

wÎfz‡Ri D”PZv h, f‚wgi Dci ga¨gv d Ges f‚wgmsjMœ GKwU

†KvY x Gi mvnv‡h¨ ABC wÎfzRwU A¼b Kiv n‡jv|
M. A¼‡bi weeiY :
avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE Gi B we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb K‡i
A¼‡bi weeiY :
EBP A¼b Kwi| avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv †iLvsk BD n‡Z BC = a = 5 †m. wg. †K‡U wbB|
avc 2 : B we›`y‡Z BE †iLvi Dci BQ j¤^ A¼b Kwi, BQ avc 2 : B we›`y‡Z BC evûi Dci BP j¤^ AuvwK| BP n‡Z
†_‡K wÎfzR Gi D”PZv h Gi mgvb BM Ask †K‡U wbB| BM = h = 35 †m. wg. †K‡U wbB|
avc 3 : M we›`y‡Z BE Gi mgvšÍivj K‡i MN †iLv A¼b avc 3 : M we›`y‡Z BC evûi mgvšÍivj MN †iLvsk AuvwK|
Kwi hv BP †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| avc 4 : B we›`y‡Z CBE = x = 60 AuvwK| BE evû MN
avc 4 : A we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i ga¨gv d Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
e„ËPvc A¼b Kwi| H e„ËPvc BE †K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| avc 5 : A,C †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR|
avc 5 : BE †_‡K BD = DC Ask †K‡U wbB| A,C †hvM Kwi| cÖgvY : ABC Gi D”PZv BM = h [ BM ⊥ BC]
Zvn‡j, ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR|
f‚wg BC = a, f‚wg msjMœ †KvY CBA = x
cÖgvY : A, D †hvM Kwi Ges A †_‡K BC Gi Dci AZ j¤^
 ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR|
A¼b Kwi|
M.
GLv‡b, MN I BE mgvšÍivj Ges MB I AZ Df‡qB BE
Gi Dci j¤^|
 MB = AZ = h D”PZv
BD = DC
 D we›`yB BC Gi ga¨we›`y|
 AD = d = f‚wgi Dci ga¨gv;
A_©vr BC f‚wg,
Avevi, ABC = x = f‚wgmsjMœ GKwU †KvY|
 ABC -B DwÏó wÎfzR|
œ 6  †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg, a = 5 †[Link]., f‚wgmsjMœ †KvY
cÖk-
x = 60 Ges D”PZv, h = 35 †[Link]. †`Iqv Av‡Q †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri `yBwU †KvY x = 60 Ges y =
K. cÖ`Ë Dcv˸‡jv wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ Dc¯’vcb Ki| 2
90 Ges wecixZ evû؇qi AšÍi, d = h − 2 = (3.5 − 2)
L. A¼‡bi weeiYmn wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| 4
†[Link]. = 1.5 †[Link].| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
M. †h wÎfz‡Ri 2wU †KvY x = 60 I y = 90 Ges
A¼‡bi weeiY :
Zv‡`i wecixZ evû؇qi AšÍi d = h − 2 Gi mgvb
avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv †iLvsk AM Gi A we›`y‡Z BAC = x =
Zv A¼b Ki I †hŠw³KZv Zz‡j ai| (A¼‡bi
60 AuvwK|
weeiY I wPý Avek¨K) 4
avc 2 : AD n‡Z AE = d = 1.5 †m. wg. †K‡U wbB|
 6 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  1
K. avc 3 : GLb E we›`y‡Z DEB = 2 (x + y) = 75 A¼b
5 †m. wg.
Kwi| EB †iLvsk AM †K B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
a
35 †m. wg.
avc 4 : B we›`y‡Z DEB Gi mgvb K‡i EBC A¼b
h Kwi|
x 60 avc 5 : BC †iLv AD †iLv‡K C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  142
1
cÖgvY : CEB = CBE = 2 (x + y) A¼‡bi weeiY :
avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BX †_‡K BC = 5 †m. wg. †K‡U wbB|
 CE = CB
avc 2 : XBY = 45 AuvwK| BY †_‡K BD = 10 †m. wg.
 AC = CE + AE = CB + AE
 AC − CB = d [AE = d] †K‡U wbB|
1 1 avc 3 : C,D †hvM Kwi|
EBA = CEB − CAB = (x + y) − x = (y − x)
2 2 avc 4 : CD †iLvi j¤^wØLÊK AuvwK| hv BD †K A we›`y‡Z
CBA = CBE + EBA †Q` K‡i|
1 1
= (x + y) + (y − x) = y avc 5 : A, C †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR|
2 2
[Note : AL, CD ci¯úi j¤^wØLÊK]
ABC Gi x = CAB, y = CBA Ges EC = BC e‡j
 AD = AC
evû؇qi AšÍi, AE = d
Zvn‡j, BA + AD = AB + AC = 10 †m. wg.
 ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR| (cÖgvwYZ) M.

œ 7  ABC wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg BC = 5 †[Link]., f‚wgmsjMœ GKwU †KvY

cÖk-
B = 45, Aci evû؇qi mgwó 10 †[Link].|
K. ABC wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv wbY©q Ki Ges D³ cwimxgv
wewkó GKwU PQR mgevû wÎfzR Gu‡K †`LvI| 2
L. ABC wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| 4
ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß ABC wÎfz‡Ri AšÍte„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e|
M. ABC wÎfz‡Ri AšÍte„Ë A¼b Ki| 4
A¼‡bi weeiY :
 7 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  avc 1 : ABC I ACB Gi mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g, BL I
K. ABC wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv (5 + 10) †m. wg. = 15 †[Link].| CM AuvwK| g‡b Kwi Zviv ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
 ABC wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv‡K PQR mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv avc 2 : O †_‡K BC evûi Dci OD j¤^ AuvwK Ges g‡b Kwi
15
ai‡j PQR mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨K evû n‡e 3 †[Link]. ev 5 Zv BC-†K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
avc 3 : O †K †K›`ª K‡i OD Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë A¼b Kwi|
†[Link].| Zvn‡j Aw¼Z e„ËwUB wb‡Y©q AšÍte„Ë|
 PQR wÎfzRwU wb¤œiƒc : œ 8  ABC wÎfz‡Ri AwZfyR AC = 10 †[Link]. I Aci `yB evûi
cÖk-
P
mgwó 14 †[Link].
K. †Kv‡bv mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfyR 10 †[Link]. Ges
f~wg 6 †[Link]. n‡j j¤^ wbY©q Ki| 2
L. ABC wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| 4
5 †m. wg. 5 †m. wg.
M. ABC-Gi ewnte„Ë A¼b Ki| 4
 8 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
K. wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv‡`¨i mvnv‡h¨-
Q 5 †m. wg.
R 2 2 2
Avgiv Rvwb, (AwZfyR) = (f‚wg) + (j¤^)
L. 2 2
ev, (j¤^) = (AwZfyR) − (f‚wg)
2

= 102 − 62 = 100 − 36 = 64
 j¤^ = 8 †m. wg.
wb‡Y©q j¤^ 8 †[Link].
L.

g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU wÎfzR hvi f‚wg BC = 5 †[Link]., f‚wg

msjMœ GKwU †KvY B = 45 Ges Aci evû؇qi mgwó
AB + AC = 10 †[Link].| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  143
g‡b Kwi, ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfyR AC = 10 †[Link]. L.
I AB I BC evûi mgwó 14 †[Link].| ABC wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z
n‡e|
A¼‡bi weeiY :
avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ DY †_‡K 14 †[Link]. Gi mgvb K‡i
BD Ask †K‡U wbB|
avc 2 : D we›`y‡Z BDE = 45 †KvY A¼b Kwi|
avc 3 : B †K †K›`ª K‡i 10 †[Link]. Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
GKwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, e„ËPvcwU DE †K C I C'
we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
avc 4 : B,C I B,C' †hvM Kwi|
avc 5 : GLb BD †iLvi Dci C I C n‡Z h_vµ‡g CA ⊥ g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg BC = a = 4.6 †m. wg. B =
BD I CA ⊥ BD AuvwK| Zvn‡j ABC I A BC-B 45 Ges AB + CA = b = 8.2 †m. wg. †`Iqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU
DwÏó wÎfzR| AuvK‡Z n‡e|
M. A¼‡bi weeiY :
avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K BC = a = 4.6 †m. wg. †K‡U wbB|
avc 2 : BC-Gi B we›`y‡Z CBF = 45 AuvwK|
avc 3 : BF †_‡K BD = b = 8.2 †m. wg. †K‡U wbB|
avc 4 : C, D †hvM Kwi| CD iwk¥i C we›`y‡Z ACD = BDC AuvwK|
avc 5 : CA, BD †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| Zvn‡j ABC B
DwÏó wÎfzR|
M.

ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri ewnte„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e|

A¼‡bi weeiY :
avc 1 : AB I AC evûØq‡K h_vµ‡g D I F ch©šÍ ewa©Z
Kwi|
avc 2 : FCB I DBC Gi mgwØLÊK CM Ges BN AuvwK|
g‡b Kwi, Zviv ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
avc 3 : O †_‡K BC Gi Dci OE j¤^ AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg BC = a = 4.5 †m. wg., f‚wg
Zviv BC †K E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
msjMœ B = 45 Ges AB − AC = b = 2.5 †m. wg. †`Iqv
avc 4 : O †K †K›`ª K‡i OE Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
e„Ë AuvwK| A¼‡bi weeiY :
Zvn‡j Aw¼Z e„ËwUB DwÏó e„Ë| avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BF †_‡K BC = a = 4.5 †m. wg. †K‡U wbB|
avc 2 : BC-Gi B we›`y‡Z CBE = 45 AuvwK|
œ 9  ABC -Gi B = 45 †`Iqv Av‡Q|
cÖk- avc 3 : BE †_‡K BD = b = 2.5 †m. wg. †K‡U wbB|
K. †KvYwU AuvK| 2 avc 4 : C, D †hvM Kwi| CD iwk¥i C we›`y‡Z DCA =
L. BC = 46 †m. wg. Ges AB + CA = 82 n‡j EDC AuvwK|
wÎfzRwU AuvK| 4 avc 5 : CA, DE †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
M. BC = 45 †m. wg. Ges AB − AC = 25 †m. wg. Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR|
n‡j wÎfzRwU AuvK| 4 cÖk-
œ 10  ABC wÎfz‡Ri wkit‡KvY x, f‚wg a I wkit‡Kv‡Yi
 9 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  mwbœwnZ evû؇qi AšÍi d|
K. K. wPÎmn wki:‡Kv‡Yi msÁv `vI| 2
L. DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë ABC wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| 4
M. ABC wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg BC = 6 †m. wg., f‚wg msjMœ
GKwU †KvY B = x Ges AB + AC = 9 †m. wg.
45
45 n‡j wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| 4
 10 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  144
K. wkit‡KvY : †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri A K. Giƒc GKwU e„Ë A¼b Ki hv C †K›`ªwewkó
kxl©‡KvY‡K wkit‡KvY ejv nq| e„ˇK ¯úk© K‡i Ges Q we›`y w`‡q hvq| 2
cv‡ki ABC Gi kxl©‡KvY A, L. A¼‡bi weeiY Ges cÖgvY `vI| 4
d‡j ABC Gi wkit‡KvY n‡e M. Ggb GKwU e„Ë AuvK hv GKwU wbw`©ó mij‡iLv‡K
A| Z‡e Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx B I Gi †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó we›`y‡Z Aci GKwU e„ˇK ¯úk©
B C
C I wkit‡KvY n‡Z cv‡i| K‡i| 4
L.  11 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
K.
d

†`Iqv Av‡Q, ABC wÎfz‡Ri wkit‡KvY A = x Ges

wkit‡Kv‡Yi mwbœwnZ evû؇qi AšÍi AC − AB = d | ABC
wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼‡bi weeiY : cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx PQR–B wb‡Y©q e„Ë|
avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ CD †_‡K CP = d Ask †K‡U wbB| L. A¼‡bi weeiY :
avc 2 : P we›`y‡Z x Gi m¤ú~iK †Kv‡Yi A‡a©‡Ki mgvb avc 1 : P, Q †hvM Kwi Ges PQ Gi j¤^wØLÊK AB AuvwK|
DPM A¼b Kwi| avc 2 : C, P †hvM Kwi Ges ewa©Z Kwi| ewa©Z CP †iLvsk
avc 3 : C †K †K›`ª K‡i a Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q Aw¼Z AB †K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
e„ËPvc PM mij‡iLv‡K B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| avc 3 : O †K †K›`ª K‡i OP Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q Aw¼Z
avc 4 : B I C †hvM Kwi| PQR-B DwÏó e„Ë|
avc 5 : B we›`y‡Z DPB = PBA A¼b Kwi †hb BA cÖgvY : O, Q †hvM Kwi| AB †iLvsk ev OB †iLvsk PQ -Gi j¤^wØLÊK|
†iLvsk CD †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|  OP = OQ
Zvn‡j, ABC-DwÏó wÎfzR| myZivs O †K †K›`ª K‡i OP e¨vmva© wb‡q e„Ë AuvK‡j Zv Q we›`y
M. w`‡q hv‡e| Avevi P we›`ywU `yBwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ªØ‡qi ms‡hvRK
†iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z Ges P we›`y Dfq e„‡Ëi Dci Aew¯’Z
A_©vr P we›`y‡Z e„ËØq wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| myZivs e„ËØq P we›`y‡Z
¯úk© K‡i| myZivs O †K †K›`ª K‡i OP e¨vmva© wb‡q Aw¼Z
e„ËB DwÏó e„Ë|
M.

g‡b Kwi, ABC wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg BC = 6 †[Link]., f~wg msjMœ

GKwU †KvY x, Aci evû؇qi mgwó AB + AC = 9 †[Link].|
wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼‡bi weeiY :
avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BY †_‡K BC = 6 †[Link]. †K‡U wbB|
avc 2 : XBY = x AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, O GKwU wbw`©ó e„‡Ëi †K›`ª, Ges wbw`©ó †iLv PQ
avc 3 : BX iwk¥ †_‡K BD = 9 †[Link]. †K‡U wbB| Gi Dci¯’ A GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y| Ggb GKwU e„Ë AuvK‡Z
avc 4 : C,D †hvM Kwi| n‡e hv A we›`y‡Z PQ †iLv‡K I cÖ`Ë e„ˇK †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z
avc 5 : CD †iLvi j¤^wØLÊK AL AuvwK hv BD †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| ¯úk© K‡i|
avc 6 : A, C †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j ABC -B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR| A¼‡bi weeiY :
œ 11  GKwU wbw`©ó e„‡Ëi †K›`ª C, P H e„‡Ëi Dci Aew¯’Z
cÖk- avc 1 : O n‡Z PQ †iLvi Dci OD j¤^ AuvwK|
GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y Ges Q H e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ GKwU we›`y|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  145
avc 2 : DO †K ewa©Z Kivq Zv e„‡Ëi cwiwai mv‡_ E we›`y‡Z avc 4 : O †K †K›`ª K‡i OP ev OQ Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
wgwjZ nq| Aw¼Z PQR-B wb‡Y©q e„Ë|
avc 3 : E, A †hvM Kwi| EA cÖ`Ë e„ˇK B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| cÖgvY : O, Q †hvM Kwi| AB †iLvsk PQ Gi j¤^wØLÊK|
avc 4 : A we›`y‡Z AF ⊥ PQ AuvwK|
 OP = OQ
avc 5 : O, B †hvM K‡i ewa©Z Kwi †hb Zv AF ‡K Q we›`y‡Z
O †K †K›`ª K‡i OP Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q Aw¼Z e„Ë Q
†Q` K‡i| Q-B DwÏó e„‡Ëi †K›`ª|
we›`y w`‡q hvq| Avevi, P we›`ywU e„Ë؇qi †K›`ªØ‡qi ms‡hvRK
avc 6 : Q †K †K›`ª K‡i QA ev QB Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
†iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z Ges P we›`y Dfq e„‡Ëi Dci Aew¯’Z|
ABC e„Ë AuvwK| Zvn‡j ABC-B DwÏó e„Ë|
A_©vr P we›`y‡Z e„ËØq wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| myZivs e„ËØq P we›`y‡Z
œ 12  C †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi Dcwiw¯’Z GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y P I
cÖk- ¯úk© K‡i|
Q H e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y| e„ËwUi e¨vmva©, CP = 2 †m. wg. myZivs O †K †K›`ª K‡i OP Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q Aw¼Z
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ mswÿß eY©bvmn wP‡Î Dc¯’vcb Ki| 2 e„ËB DwÏó e„Ë|
L. Ggb GKwU e„Ë AuvK hv H e„ˇK P we›`y‡Z ¯úk© M.
K‡i I Q we›`y w`‡q hvq| (A¼‡bi weeiY I wPý I
cÖgvY Avek¨K) 4
N
M. †Kv‡bv mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfyR a = 6 †m. wg. I
Aci `yBwU evûi AšÍi C †Kw›`ªK e„‡Ëi e¨vmv‡a©i
mgvb n‡j wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| 4
 12 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
K.

†`Iqv Av‡Q, mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfyR, a = 6 †[Link]. I Aci

`yB evûi AšÍi, d = 2 †[Link].| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼‡bi weeiY :
avc 1 : EF †iLvi E we›`y‡Z FEN = 45 AuvwK| NE †K B
ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi †hb BE = d nq|
†`Iqv Av‡Q, C †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi Dcwiw¯’Z GKwU wbw`©ó
avc 3 : B †K †K›`ª K‡i a Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU
we›`y P Ges Q H e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y| C,P †hvM Kiv
e„ËPvc AuvwK hv EF †K C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
n‡jv| GLv‡b e„ËwUi e¨vmva© CP = 2 †[Link].|
avc 4 : C we›`y‡Z ECA = 45 AuvwK hv BN †K A we›`y‡Z
cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ DcwiD³ wPÎwU AuvKv n‡jv|
†Q` K‡i| Zvn‡j ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR|
L.

œ 13  O †K›`ªwewkó PQR GKwU wbw`©ó e„Ë Ges GKwU

cÖk-
wbw`©ó DE mij‡iLv¯’ F GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y|
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ mswÿß eY©bvmn wP‡Îi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb
Ki| 2
L. Ggb GKwU e„Ë A¼b Ki hv F we›`y‡Z DE †iLv‡K
Ges PQR e„ˇK Q we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i| 4
M. Ggb GKwU e„Ë A¼b Ki hv LMN e„ˇK N
A¼‡bi weeiY : we›`y‡Z Ges PQR e„ˇK R we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i| 4
avc 1 : P, Q †hvM Kwi|  13 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
avc 2 : PQ-Gi j¤^wØLÊK AB †iLv AuvwK, hv CP Gi K.
ewa©Zvsk‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
avc 3 : O, Q †hvM Kwi|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  146
M.

F E
†`Iqv Av‡Q, O †K›`ªwewkó PQR GKwU wbw`©ó e„Ë Ges GKwU
wbw`©ó DE mij‡jLv¯’ F GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y| G Z_¨ Abymv‡i
DcwiD³ wPÎ A¼b Kiv n‡jv|
L.

†`Iqv Av‡Q, O †K›`ªwewkó PQR e„‡Ë R GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y

Ges B †K›`ªwewkó LMN e„‡Ë N GKwU we›`y| Ggb GKwU e„Ë
A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e, hv O †K›`ªwewkó e„ˇK R we›`y‡Z Ges B
†K›`ªwewkó e„ˇK N we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i|
A¼‡bi weeiY :
avc 1 : O, R †hvM Kwi| OR †K D ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kiv n‡jv|
A¼‡bi weeiY : avc 2 : R we›`y‡Z PQR e„‡Ë RC ¯úk©K AuvwK|
avc 1 : O n‡Z DE Gi Dci OC j¤^ AuvwK| CO Gi avc 3 : B n‡Z RC †iLvi Dci BE j¤^ A¼b Kwi| BE Gi
ewa©Zvs‡k PQR e„ˇK R we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| ewa©Zvsk e„ˇK L we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
avc 2 : R, F †hvM Kwi| RF, PQR e„ˇK Q we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| avc 4 : L, R †hvM Kwi| LR †iLv LMN e„ˇK N we›`y‡Z †Q`
avc 3 : O, Q †hvM K‡i S ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi| K‡i|
avc 4 : F we›`y‡Z FB ⊥ DE AuvwK| FB I OS Gi †Q`we›`y B| avc 5 : B, N †hvM Kwi| BN Gi ewa©Zvsk RD †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
avc 5 : B †K †K›`ª K‡i BF ev BQ Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q avc 6 : A †K †K›`ª K‡i AN ev AR Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
Aw¼Z e„ËB wb‡Y©q e„Ë| Aw¼Z e„Ë-B wb‡Y©q e„Ë|
cÖgvY : FB ⊥ DE [ BFD = 90]
cÖgvY : O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi R we›`y‡Z RC ¯úk©K e‡j RC ⊥ OR.
e„ËwU F we›`y‡Z DE †iLv‡K ¯úk© K‡i| Q we›`ywU e„Ë؇qi mvaviY Avevi, RA ⊥ RC. wKš‘ AR wb‡Y©q e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e‡j RC
we›`y Ges Zv‡`i †K›`ªØ‡qi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z| GKwU ¯úk©K n‡e| d‡j A †K›`ªwewkó e„ËwU R we›`y‡Z O
AZGe e„ËØq Q we›`y‡Z ci¯úi ¯úk© K‡i| †K›`ªwewkó e„ˇK ¯úk© K‡i| A¼bvbymv‡i, AB = BN + AN.
wKš‘ BN I AN h_vµ‡g A I B †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©|
 QFA-B wb‡Y©q e„Ë|
Kv‡RB wb‡Y©q e„ËwU B †K›`ªwewkó e„ˇK N we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i|
 A †K›`ªwewkó DNR e„ËB wb‡Y©q e„Ë|

wbe©vwPZ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 14  GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg 45 †[Link]., wkit‡KvY 60 Ges
cÖk- Y

Aci `yB evûi mgwó 7 †[Link]|

K. cÖ`Ë Dcv˸‡jv‡K wP‡Îi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb Ki| 2 D
L. A¼‡bi weeiYmn wÎfzRwU AuvK| 4
7 †[Link].
M. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg I Aci `yB evûi mgwó L
h_vµ‡g DcwiD³ wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg I Aci `yB evûi A
mgwói mgvb Ges f‚wg msjMœ †KvY؇qi AšÍi
wkit‡Kv‡Yi mgvb n‡j wÎfzRwU AuvK| 4
B 60 X
 14 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  †[Link]. C
45
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, f~wg BC = 45 †[Link]. Aci `yB evûi mgwó
a AB + AC = 7 †[Link]. Ges ABC = 60|  ABC A¼b
45 †[Link]. Ki‡Z n‡e|
b
†[Link]. 60
7 x A¼‡bi weeiY :
L. avc-1 : †h‡Kvb ivwk BX †_‡K BC = 45 †[Link]. †K‡U wbB|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  147
avc-2 : XBY = 60 †KvY AuvwK| mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri †ÿ‡Î,
avc-3 : BY iwk¥ †_‡K BD = 7 †[Link]. †K‡U wbB| (j¤^)2 + (f‚wg)2 = (AwZfzR)2
avc-4 : C, D †hvM Kwi| ev, (j¤^)2 = 102 − 62
avc-5 : CD †iLvi j¤^wØÊK AuvwK hv BD †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` = 100 − 36
K‡i| = 64
avc-6 : A, C †hvM Kwi, Zvn‡j ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR|  j¤^ = 64 = 8 †[Link].
[abvZ¥K gvb wb‡q, KviY ˆ`N©¨
M. FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv| (Ans.)
P
a L. GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR I Aci `yB evûi AšÍi
45 †[Link]. Q
†`Iqv Av‡Q, wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
s
7 †[Link]. d
a N
A
D L A

x = 60 C
E F
B a C M
g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg a, f~wg msjMœ †KvY؇qi AšÍi
x = 60 Ges Aci evû؇qi mgwó s †`Iqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU B
A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e| we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR a
A¼‡bi weeiY : I Aci `yB evûi AšÍi d †`Iqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BM n‡Z f‚wg a Gi mgvb K‡i BC A¼‡bi weeiY :
Ask †K‡U wbB| avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ EF Gi E we›`y‡Z
1
avc 2 : GLb, C we›`y‡Z 2x Gi mgvb K‡i BCD A¼b Kwi| FEN = 45 AvuwK|
avc 2 : Gevi NE †K EB ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi †hb EB = d nq|
avc 3 : CD †iLvi Ici C we›`y‡Z CP j¤^ A¼b Kwi|
avc 3 : AZtci B we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i a-Gi mgvb e¨vmva©
avc 4 : B we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i s Gi mgvb evmva© wb‡q GKwU
wb‡q GKwU e„ËPvc AuvwK hv EF-†K C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
e„ËPvc A¼b Kwi hv CP iwk¥‡K Q we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
avc 4 : cwi‡k‡l, C we›`y‡Z EC Gi mv‡_ ECA = CEN
avc 5 : B, Q †hvM Kwi|
AuvwK †hb CA †iLv EN †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
avc 6 : GLb, CQ iwk¥i C we›`y‡Z BQC Gi mgvb K‡i
Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR n‡e|
QCA A¼b Kwi|
M. wbw`©ó e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O, P H e„‡Ëi Dci Aew¯’Z GKwU wbw`©ó
avc 7 : CA †iLv BQ †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
we›`y Ges Q H e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y| Giƒc
Zvn‡j ABC B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR|
GKwU e„Ë A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e hv H e„ˇK P we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i
œ 15  [Link]‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR I Aci `yB evûi AšÍi
cÖk- Ges Q we›`y w`‡q hvq|
†`Iqv Av‡Q| ii. O †K›`ª wewkó GKwU e„‡Ëi Dci¯’ GKwU we›`y P R
Ges ewnt¯’ GKwU we›`y Q.
A
K. †Kv‡bv mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR 10 †[Link]., f‚wg O
P
C
6 †[Link]. n‡j j¤^ wbY©q Ki| 2
L. (i) bs DÏxc‡Ki k‡Z©i Av‡jv‡K wÎfzRwU AuvK|
[A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K|] 4 B
Q

M. (ii) bs DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Ggb GKwU e„Ë AuvK hv A¼‡bi weeiY :

Q we›`y w`‡q hvq Ges P we›`y‡Z cÖ`Ë e„ˇK ¯úk© avc 1 : P, Q †hvM Kwi|
K‡i| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K|] 4 avc 2 : PQ Gi j¤^wØLÊK AB AuvwK|
 15 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  avc 3 : O, P †hvM K‡i ewa©Z Kwi|
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR = 10 †[Link]. avc 4 : ewa©Z OP †iLvsk AB †K C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e| avc 5 : C †K †K›`ª K‡i CP Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q Aw¼Z
wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i Avgiv Rvwb, PQR-B DwÏó e„Ë|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  148

m„R bkxj cÖkœe¨vsK DËimn

œ 18  a = 5 †[Link]., 6 = 12 †[Link]., c = 13 †[Link]. Ges d =
œ 16  GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg 5 †m. wg. I Aci evû؇qi mgwó cÖk-
cÖk-
7 †m. wg.| 1.5 †[Link]. K‡qKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨|
K. DcwiD³ Z_¨ Abyhvqx wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2 K. evû¸‡jvi wPÎ AuvK| 2
L. a, b, c evûwewkó GKwU wÎfz‡Ri AšÍte„Ë AuvK? (A¼‡bi
L. wÎfzRwUi f‚wgmsjMœ †KvY 60 n‡j, wÎfzRwU AuvK| 4 wPý I weeiY Avek¨K|) 4
M. f‚wgmsjMœ †KvY؇qi AšÍi wb‡q wÎfyRwU AuvK| 4 M. a mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR Ges d †K Aci `yB evûi AšÍi
œ 17  a = 4 †m. wg. Ges b = 2 †m. wg. `yBwU wbw`©ó †iLvsk|
cÖk- we‡ePbv K‡i wÎfzRwU AuvK| (A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K) 4
a+b
K. a, b I c = 2 †iLvskÎq A¼b Ki| œ 19   ABC Gi B = 45 †`Iqv Av‡Q|
2 cÖk-
K. †KvYwU A¼b Ki| 2
a+b
L. a, b, 2 Gi mgvb e¨vmv‡a©i wZbwU e„Ë AuvK, hviv L. BC = 45 †[Link]. Ges AB − AC = 2.5 †[Link]. n‡j wÎfzRwU
AuvK| (A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Aek¨K|) 4
ci¯úi‡K ewnt¯úk© K‡i| 4 M. BC = 46 †[Link]. Ges AB + CA = 82 †[Link]. n‡j wÎfzRwU
M. a I b †iLvsk؇qi ga¨mgvbycvZx wbY©q Ki| 4 AuvK| (A¼‡bi weeiY Avek¨K) 4

Aa¨vq mgwš^Z m„R bkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 20 
cÖk-  ABC −Gi AD GKwU ga¨gv Ges Aci GKwU wÎfzR ev, AC2 = AD2 + BD2 – 2BD . DE [ BD = CD] ...... (ii)
PQR Gi D”PZv h, f‚wgi Dci ga¨gv d Ges f‚wg msjMœ GKwU mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
†KvY x. BA2 + AC2 = AD2 + BD2 + 2BD . DE + AD2 + BD2 – 2BD . DE
 AB2 + AC2 = 2AD2 + 2BD2 = 2(AD2 + BD2) (cÖgvwYZ)
K. j¤^ Awf‡ÿc wPÎmn e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, AB2 + AC2 = 2(AD2 + BD2). 4 M.
h
M. PQR wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki (A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY
Avek¨K)| 4 d
x
 20bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  B

K. j¤^ Awf‡ÿc : †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó †iLvi Dci †Kv‡bv we›`y n‡Z

Aw¼Z j‡¤^i cv`we›`y‡K H we›`yi j¤^ Awf‡ÿc e‡j| A
A M P
N

h
B D C
wP‡Î, BC †iLvi Dci AD †iLvi j¤^ Awf‡ÿc BD. x
E
L. Q Z D R
A A A¼‡bi weeiY :
avc Ñ 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ QE Gi Q we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb
EQA A¼b Kwi|
avc Ñ 2 : Q we›`y‡Z QE †iLvi Dci BQ j¤^ A¼b Kwi|
B D E C B D C E avc Ñ 3 : BQ †_‡K wÎfz‡Ri D”PZv h Gi mgvb QM Ask
wPÎ : 1 wPÎ : 2 †K‡U wbB|
g‡b Kwi, ABC–Gi ga¨gv AD. avc Ñ 4 : M we›`y‡Z QE Gi mgvšÍivj K‡i MN †iLv
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AB2 + AC2 = 2(BD2 + AD2) A¼b Kwi hv QA †K P we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
A¼b : A †_‡K BC A_ev BC–Gi ewa©Zvs‡ki Dci AE j¤^ AuvwK| avc Ñ 5 : P we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i ga¨gv d Gi mgvb e¨vmva©
cÖgvY : g‡b Kwi, wPÎ (1)ÑG ADB ¯’~j‡KvY, wb‡q GKwU e„ËPvc A¼b Kwi| H e„ËPvc QE
AZGe, AB2 = AD2 + BD2 + 2BD . DE ............ (i) †K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
avc Ñ 6 : QE †_‡K QD = DR Ask †K‡U wbB|
wPÎ (2)ÑG ADC m~²‡KvY n‡j,
AC2 = AD2 + CD2 – 2CD . DE
avc Ñ 7 : P, R †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j, PQR–B DwÏó wÎfzR|
œ 21 
cÖk-
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  149
P cÖgvY : PQ ⊥ RS
 PQT = 90, PTQ m~²‡KvY I PTS ¯’~j‡KvY|
PTR Gi PTR m~²‡KvY Ges RT evû‡Z PT Gi j¤^

4 †[Link].
Awf‡ÿc QT|
R 60 S  PR2 = PT2 + RT2 − [Link]................ (i)
Q
6 †[Link].
T Avevi, PTS-G PTS ¯’~j‡KvY
PS2 = PT2 + TS2 + [Link]
PRS Gi RS evûi ga¨we›`y T|
= PT2 + TR2 + [Link].......................(ii)
K. PR evûi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 2 [PT ga¨gv RT = TS]
L. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K G¨v‡cv‡jvwbqv‡mi Dccv`¨wU (i) I (ii) bs †hvM K‡i,
cÖgvY Ki| 4 PR2 + PS2 = 2PT2 + 2RT2
M. A¼‡bi weeiYmn Ggb GKwU wÎfzR A¼b Ki = 2(PT2 + RT2) (cÖgvwYZ)
hvi f‚wg RS I wkit‡KvY R Gi mgvb Ges Aci M.
`yB evûi AšÍi 2 †[Link].| 4 A P
 21 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  a
6 †[Link].
K. PQR-G PQR = 90 Ges PRQ = 60
PQ
 PQR G sinPRQ = PR D 60
2 †[Link].
60 60
4 B
ev, sin60 = PR 6 †[Link]. C
M

3 4
†`Iqv Av‡Q, wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg a = RS = 6 †m. wg.
ev, 2 = PR wki †KvY x = 60 Ges Aci `yB evûi AšÍi d = 2 †m. wg.
ev, 3PR = 8 AuvK‡Z n‡e|
 PR =
8
= 4.62 †[Link]. (cÖvq) (Ans.) A¼‡bi weeiY : avc 1 : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BP n‡Z BD = 2
3 †[Link]. †K‡U wbB| avc 2 : D we›`y‡Z x Gi m¤ú~iK
L. G¨v‡cv‡jvwbqv‡mi Dccv`¨ : wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB evûi Dci †Kv‡Yi A‡a©‡Ki mgvb K‡i PDM AuvwK| avc 3 : B
Aw¼Z eM©‡ÿÎ؇qi mgwó Z…Zxq evûi A‡a©‡Ki Dci Aw¼Z we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i a †m. wg. Gi mgvb K‡i e¨vmva© wb‡q
eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj Ges H evûi mgwØLÊK ga¨Kvi Dci GKwU e„ËPvc AuvwK hv DM †K C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| avc 4 :
Aw¼Z eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎd‡ji mgwói wظY| C we›`y‡Z DCA = PDC AuvwK hv BP †K A we›`y‡Z †Q`
GLv‡b, PRS Gi T, RS Gi ga¨we›`y| PT ga¨gv Ges K‡i| Zvn‡j ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR|
PQ ⊥ RS.
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PR2 + PS2 = 2(PT2 + TR2)