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Differentiation of Functions w.r.t. Each Other

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62 views4 pages

Differentiation of Functions w.r.t. Each Other

Uploaded by

mansimalik25946
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Differentiating one Function w. r. t.

Another Function

Q.1. Differentiate sin -1 x w. r. t. cos -1 √(1 – x2) .

Solution : 1

Let u = sin-1 x , v = cos -1 √(1 – x2) ,then we have to find du/dv.

Now, du/dx = 1/√(1 – x2) ,

In v = cos -1 √(1 – x2) , let us put x = sin θ ,

Then v = cos -1 √(1 – sin 2θ) = cos –1 (cos θ) = θ = sin -1 x .

Therefore dv/dx = 1/√(1 – x2) ,

Hence , du/dv = (du/dx)/(dv/dx)

= {1/√(1 – x2)}/{1/√(1 – x2)}

Q.2. Differentiate sin -1 {(1 – x)/(1 + x)}w. r. t. √x .

Solution : 2

Let u = sin -1 {(1 – x)/(1 + x)},

Then , du/dx = 1/√[1 – {(1 – x)/(1 + x)}2] . [{(1 + x)(– 1) – (1 – x)(1)}/(1 + x)2]

= (1 + x)/√{(1 + x)2 – (1 – x)2}. (– 2)/(1 + x)2

= (– 1)/{(1 + x) √x} ;

And let v = √x , dv/dx = 1/(2√x) ;

Therefore , du/dv = (du/dx)/(dv/dx)

= [(– 1) /{(1 + x) √x}]/[1/(2√x)] = [(– 1) / {(1 + x)√x}] × [(2√x)/1]

= – 2 / (1 + x) .
Q.3. Find dy/dx when x = cos -1 1/√(1 + t2) , y = sin -1 t/√(1 + t2)

Solution : 3

x = cos -1 1/(1 +t2) , Put t = tan θ ; then θ = tan -1 t .

Therefore , x = cos -1 1/√(1 + tan2 θ)

= cos -1 (1/sec θ)

= cos -1 (cos θ )

= θ = tan -1 t .

Hence , dx/dt = 1/(1 + t2) .

Also y = sin -1 {t/√(1 + t2)}

= sin -1 {tan θ/√(1 + tan2θ)}

= sin -1 (tan θ/sec θ)

= sin -1 (sin θ) = θ = tan -1 t .

Hence , dy/dt = 1/(1 + t2) .

Therefore , dy/dx = (dy/dt)/(dx/dt)

= [{1/(1 + t2)}/{1/(1 + t2)}]

= 1.

Q.4. Differentiate : tan -1 {2x/(1 – x2)} w. r. t. sin -1 {2x/(1 + x2)}.

Solution : 4

Let u = tan -1 {2x/(1 – x2)} and v = sin -1 {2x/(1 + x2)};

Then we have to find du/dv.

Now , put x = tan θ , then u = tan -1 {2tanθ/(1 – tan2θ)}

Or, u = tan -1 (tan 2θ) = 2 θ = 2 tan -1 x


Therefore, du/dx = 2/(1 + x 2) .

And v = sin -1 {2tan θ/(1 + tan2θ)}

Or, v = sin -1 (sin 2 θ) = 2 θ = 2 tan -1 x

Therefore, dv/dx = 2/(1 + x2) .

Hence , du/dv = {(du/dx)/(dv/dx)}

= [{2/(1 + x 2)}/{2/(1 + x2)}] = 1.

Q.5. Differentiate tan -1 x/√(1 – x2) w. r. t. sec -1 1/(2 x2 – 1).

Solution : 5

Let u = tan -1 x/√(1 – x2) and v = sec -1 1/(2x2 – 1) ,

Then we have to find du/dv .

Now , put x = cos θ , then u

= tan -1 {cos θ/√(1 – cos2θ)

=tan -1 ( cos θ/sin θ)

= tan -1 (cot θ)

= tan-1 {tan (π/2 – θ)} = π/2 – θ = π/2 – cos –1 x .

Therefore , du/dx = –1 /√(1 – x2)

And v = sec -1 {1/(2 cos 2 θ – 1 )}

= sec -1 (1/cos 2θ) = 2 θ = 2 cos –1 x

Therefore , dv/dx = 2/√(1 – x2)

Hence , du/dv = {(du/dx)/(dv/dx)}

= {– 1 /√(1 – x2}/ {2/√(1 – x2)} = – 1/2 .

Q.6. Differentiate tan -1 [2x/(1 – x2)] w. r. t. tan -1 x.


Solution : 6

Let u = tan -1 [2x/(1 – x2)] and v = tan -1 x , the we have to find du/dv .

Putting x = tan θ in these we get u = tan –1 [2 tanθ/(1 – tan2θ)]

= tan -1 [tan2θ] = 2θ

And v = tan -1 (tanθ) = θ

Then du/dθ = 2 and dv/dθ = 1 => du/dv = (du/dθ)/(dv/dθ) = 2/1 = 2 .

Q.7. Differentiate sin -1 [2x/(1 + x-1)] w. r. t. tan -1 x.

Solution : 7

Let u = sin -1 [2x/(1 + x2)] and v = tan -1 x then we have to find du/dv .

Putting x = tan θ in these we get u = sin-1 [2tanθ/(1 + tan2θ)]

= sin -1 [sin2θ] = 2θ

And v = tan-1 (tanθ) = θ

Then du/dθ = 2 and dv/dθ = 1 => du/dv = (du/dθ)/(dv/dθ) = 2/1 = 2 .

Q.8. Find the derivative of sin x2 with respect to x3.

Solution : 8

Let u = sin x2 and v = x3,

du/dx = d/dx[sin x2] = 2x cos x2 ; dv/dx = d/dx[x3] = 3x2,

du/dv = (du/dx)/(dv/dx) = (2x cos x2)/(3x2) = (2 cos x2)/(3x)

Common questions

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Let \( u = \sin^{-1} x \) and \( v = \cos^{-1} \sqrt{1-x^2} \). Both \( u \) and \( v \) equate to \( \theta \) when we set \( x = \sin \theta \), making \( \cos^{-1} \sqrt{1-\sin^2 \theta} = \cos^{-1} (\cos \theta) = \theta \). Therefore, \( du/dx = 1/\sqrt{1-x^2} \) and \( dv/dx = 1/\sqrt{1-x^2} \), resulting in \( du/dv = (du/dx)/(dv/dx) = 1 \).

Let \( u = \sin^{-1} \frac{1-x}{1+x} \) and \( v = \sqrt{x} \). Calculating \( du/dx \), the expression simplifies to \( (1+x)/\sqrt{(1+x)^2 - (1-x)^2} \) times \( -2/(1+x)^2 \), yielding \( -1/{(1+x)\sqrt{x}} \). For \( v = \sqrt{x} \), \( dv/dx = 1/{2\sqrt{x}} \). Thus, \( du/dv = (du/dx)/(dv/dx) = -2/(1+x) \).

Define \( u = \tan^{-1} {\frac{x}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}} \) and \( v = \sec^{-1} {\frac{1}{2x^2 - 1}} \). If \( x = \cos \theta \), then \( u = \pi/2 - \cos^{-1} x \) with \( du/dx = -1/\sqrt{1-x^2} \). For \( v \), from \( \sec^{-1} {1/\cos 2\theta} = 2\theta = 2\cos^{-1} x \), obtain \( dv/dx = 2/\sqrt{1-x^2} \). Thus, \( du/dv = -1/2 \).

Set \( u = \tan^{-1} {x/\sqrt{1 - x^2}} \) and \( v = \sec^{-1} \frac{1}{2x^2 - 1} \). By letting \( x = \cos \theta \), \( u \) transforms into \( \pi/2 - \cos^{-1} x \) and gives \( du/dx = -1/\sqrt{1-x^2} \). For \( v \), using \( \sec^{-1}(1/\cos 2\theta) = 2\theta = 2\cos^{-1} x \), \( dv/dx = 2/\sqrt{1-x^2} \). Therefore, \( du/dv = (du/dx)/(dv/dx) = -1/2 \).

Let \( u = \sin^{-1} \left[ \frac{2x}{1 + x^2}\right] \) and \( v = \tan^{-1} x \). By setting \( x = \tan \theta \), \( u \) becomes \( \sin^{-1}(\sin 2\theta) = 2\theta \), giving \( du/d\theta = 2 \). Since \( v = \tan^{-1}(\tan \theta) = \theta \), \( dv/d\theta = 1 \). Hence, \( du/dv = (du/d\theta)/(dv/d\theta) = 2 \).

Set \( u = \tan^{-1} { \frac{2x}{1-x^2} } \) and \( v = \sin^{-1} { \frac{2x}{1+x^2} } \). Applying \( x = \tan \theta \), we get \( u = \tan^{-1} (\tan 2\theta) = 2\theta \) and \( v = \sin^{-1} (\sin 2\theta) = 2\theta \). Therefore, \( du/dx = 2/(1+x^2) \) and \( dv/dx = 2/(1+x^2) \), resulting in \( du/dv = 1 \).

Define \( u = \tan^{-1} \frac{2x}{1-x^2} \) and \( v = \tan^{-1} x \). Substituting \( x = \tan \theta \), \( u = \tan^{-1} \tan 2\theta = 2\theta \), leading to \( du/d\theta = 2 \). Meanwhile, \( v = \tan^{-1} \tan \theta = \theta \), so \( dv/d\theta = 1 \). Therefore, the derivative \( du/dv = (du/d\theta)/(dv/d\theta) = 2 \).

Let \( u = \tan^{-1} [2x/(1-x^2)] \) and \( v = \tan^{-1} x \). Setting \( x = \tan \theta \), transform \( u = \tan^{-1} [\tan 2\theta] = 2\theta \) yielding \( du/d\theta = 2 \). For \( v = \tan^{-1} \tan \theta = \theta \), \( dv/d\theta = 1 \). Resulting in \( du/dv = (du/d\theta)/(dv/d\theta) = 2 \).

Establish \( u = \sin^{-1} [ \frac{2x}{1+x^{-1}} ] \) as \( \sin^{-1} [ \frac{2x}{1+x^2} ] \) and \( v = \tan^{-1} x \). Replace \( x = \tan \theta \), where \( u = \sin^{-1} (\sin 2\theta) = 2\theta \) and \( dv/d\theta = 1 \) with \( v = \theta \). Thus, \( du/dv = 2/1 = 2 \).

Define \( u = \sin x^2 \) and \( v = x^3 \). The derivative \( du/dx = d/dx[\sin x^2] = 2x \cos x^2 \) and \( dv/dx = d/dx[x^3] = 3x^2 \). The derivative with respect to \( x^3 \) is \( du/dv = (du/dx)/(dv/dx) = (2x \cos x^2)/(3x^2) = 2 \cos x^2/3x \).

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