Data Management
Data Analysis for Quantitative Research Design
Overview of Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
Data Analysis for Qualitative Research Design
Thematic Analysis
Content Analysis
PRESENTED BY
SECTION 12B - GROUP 4
Cedillo, Nikko
Lamano, Engeline
Lopez, Gellie Anne
Nicodemus, Maria Lenie
Solis,Anna Lourdes
Quantitative Data Analysis
Quantitative data analysis simply means analysing data that is numbers-
Data Analysis based – or data that can be easily “converted” into numbers without losing
for Quantitative
any meaning.
For example, category-based variables like gender, ethnicity, or native
Research
language could all be “converted” into numbers without losing meaning –
for example, Gender , Male = 1, Female = 2
Design Two Main Advantage:
1. Enables a researcher to systematically categorize, sum up, illustrate
observations.
2. It also makes it possible for a researcher to understand and conclude
a phenomenon (a sample) that is studied in an identified, narrowed
Population group.
Two types:
1. Descriptive Statistics - focuses on the sample
sample 2. Inferential Statistics - focuses on the population
Type of Descriptive
Descriptive Statstics Statistics:
A type of quantitative data analysis 1. Mean (Average)
used to describe or present data in an 2. Median (Midpoint)
easyly accessible , quantitative form. 3. Mode (most common)
4. Standard Deviation
-Focuses on describing the sample. 5. Skewness
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it is also used to report or describe the
features or characteristics of data.
They summarize a particular numerical
data set, or multiple sets, and deliver Descriptive statistics only reflect the data to which they are applied.
A descriptive statistic can be: a measure of central tendency, like mean, median, or
quantitative insights about that data mode: These are used to identify an average or center point among a data set.
through numerical or graphical Also, it can be a measure of dispersion or variability, like variance, standard deviation,
representation. skewness, or range: These reflect the spread of the data points.
Lastly, it can be a measure of distribution, like the quantity or percentage of a particular
outcome: These express the frequency of that outcome among a data set.
1. The t test / Test Statisitcs - to assess differences between groups in
terms of mean, standard deviations and skewness
Inferential Statstics 2. ANOVA - assess differenceds between multiple groups
3. Correlation Analysis - assess relationship of two variables. Ex. if
Variable A increases, does the other Variable B increases? seeks to
are used to make conclusions, or inferences,
measure the relationship scientifically.
based on the available data from a smaller
4. Regression Analysis - to assess the casual relationship between
sample population. This is often done by
variables. Ex. Does variable A’s movement cause the Variable B’s
analyzing a random sampling from a much
movement?
broader data set, like a larger population.
Conclusions drawn from this sample are
applied across the entire population.
Two common types of predictions that researchers
try to make using inferential stats:
Firstly, predictions about differences between
groups – for example, height differences between
children grouped by their favourite meal or
gender.
And secondly, relationships between variables –
for example, the relationship between body weight
Here’s a scatter plot demonstrating the correlation (relationship)
and the number of hours a week a person does
between weight and height. Intuitively, we’d expect there to be some
yoga
relationship between these two variables, which is what we see in this
scatter plot. In other words, the results tend to cluster together in a
diagonal line from bottom left to top right.
Qualitative Data analysis
Qualitative Qualitative data refers to pretty much any data that’s “not
numbers”. In other words, it’s not the stuff you measure using a
Data
fixed scale or complex equipment, nor do you analyse it using
complex statistics or mathematics.
Analysis Qualitative research focuses on words, descriptions, concepts or
ideas – while quantitative research focuses on numbers and
statistics. Qualitative research investigates the “softer side” of
things to explore and describe, while quantitative research focuses
on the “hard numbers”, to measure differences between
variablesand the relationships between them
The 6 most popular methods are:
1. Content analysis
2. Narrative analysis
3. Discourse analysis
4. Thematic analysis
5. Grounded theory (GT)
6. Interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA)
Content Thematic
Analysis Analysis
Content analysis is possibly the most Thematic analysis looks at patterns of
common and straightforward QDA meaning in a data set – for example, a
method. At the simplest level, content set of interviews or focus group
analysis is used to evaluate patterns transcripts. But what exactly does
within a piece of content (for example, that… mean? Well, a thematic analysis
words, phrases or images) or across takes bodies of data (which are often
multiple pieces of content or sources quite large) and groups them according
of communication. For example, a to similarities – in other words,
collection of newspaper articles or themes. These themes help us make
sense of the content and derive
political speeches.
meaning from it.
Summary
Qualitative data refers to pretty much any data that’s
Quantitative data analysis simply means analysing “not numbers”. In other words, it’s not the stuff you
data that is numbers-based – or data that can be easily measure using a fixed scale or complex equipment, nor
“converted” into numbers without losing any meaning. do you analyse it using complex statistics or
mathematics.
Descriptive statistics serve a simple but critically important role Content Analysis a straightforward method that blends a little bit
in your research – to describe your data set – hence the name. In of quant into a primarily qualitative analysis.
other words, they help you understand the details of your
sample.
Inferential statistics aim to make inferences about the Thematic analysis which is about identifying themes and
population. In other words, you’ll use inferential statistics to patterns.
make predictions about what you’d expect to find in the full
population.
[Link] [Link]
Sources: ive-data-analysis-methods/ ve-data-analysis-methods/