REVIEWER FOR RPH

Module 3: Content and Contextual Analysis of selected Primary Sources

 "First Voyage Around the World" by Antonio Pigafetta

 "Customs of the Tagalogs" by Fray Juan de Plasencia
 "Kartilya ng Katipunan" by Emilio Jacinto
 "Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan" by Emilio Aguinaldo
 "Acta de la Proclamacion de la Independencia del Pueblo Filipino" by
Ambrosio Bautista
 "Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era" by Alfred
McCoy and Alfredo Roces
 "Filipino Grievances Against Governor Wood" by Commission on
Independence
 "President Corazon Aquino's Speech Before the U.S. Congress
(September 18, 1986)"
 "Raiders of the Sulu Sea (Film)"
 "Works of Luna and Amorsolo (paintings)"

1. Content Analysis
 Identification of the historical importance of the text
 Title of Primary Source
 Background/ Biography of Author/s
 Reason/s of writing this Primary Source
 Highlights of its Content
2. Contextual Analysis
 Examination of author's main argument or point of view
 Title of Primary Source
 Main Argument
 Bias
 Importance in Understanding Philippine History

First Voyage Around the World in Spanish

(“Primer Viaje en Torno del Globo”)

Before Exploration/Expedition
By Krusada/Crusades
 They discover products that are not avialable in Europe country. Such as
porcelain, silk, herbs, perfume, insent, fabric, spice, carpets.
Note: This are all Asian Products
Spices
 Most prices/ expensive/ in-demand among the European those days.
  European uses this product for food preservations, food and flavor
enhancement and in making medicine.
“Those days they believe that Earth was a flat”
It said that when you go at the edge of WEST to EAST sea route you will fall
(mahuhulog ka). Later on,
Ferdinand Magellanes Magellan
 He proved that the Earth was circle.

May gustong patunayan si Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal -

 He is the Leader of Portugal.
 First nag put-up ng Maritime School that train the sailor who would
later discover the Eastern sea route going to Spice Island.
 They discovered Eastern sea route going to Spice Island noon ay
Moluccas now a days.
 They connect South East Asia via Atlantic Ocean or Indian Ocean.
By this sea route they safe if flat earth occur.

When the South East Asian Sea Route Opened

 Discover of Territories, Colonial/Colonization.
 Philippines was colonized by the Spanish for 333 years.
 Then Vietnam, Indonesian, Thailand, Singapore, Myanmar, also a
colonized by European country cause of the opening of south east
Asian sea route.

Ferdinand Magellan
 Proposed to the King of Portugal to navigate the world using
Western and Eastern Sea Route.
 He offer to discover, but the king of Portugal Refuses/ he deny it
due to expensive and it will not be successful due to their belief that
the earth was flat.
Then Magellan went to Spain, Queen Isabella I of Castile, and King
Ferdinand II of Aragon. The most powerful personalities in Spain during 15-
1419/1479-1516/1519 onward. Allowing Magellan to navigate the world using
the West to East sea route.

Magellan and Elcano

 Left Port San Lucar de Barrameda in in civil on August 20, 1519,
started the expidition.
 When 270 men in different nationalities.
 Was to search a new maritime pass to spice island that would be
violate treaty of Portugal.
After 2 years
 They reach the Homonhon Island, Philippines on March 16, 1521.

Magellan Killed on April 27, 1521

Note: Hindi sila napadpad sa Spice Island kundi napadpad sila sa Pilipinas.

Historical Background of the Author of “The Voyage Around the World”

 Was written by: ANTONIO PEGAFETTA. In one of the five ships the first
circumnavigate the world.
 It covers the time when Ferdinand Magellan’s fleet “Armada de
Molucca” started the voyage (1519) until it was successfully went back to
Spain.

On September 6, 1522: Elcano Return in Spain

 The copies of this account was presented by Pigafetta’s to Pope
Clement VII, King Francis I’s mother, etc.
 It’s Original diaries was lost and not known in what language it was
written (kung ito ba ay wikang Epanish, English, or sa Latin)
 Only 4 manuscript version ang naka survived; 1 Italian (Carlo Amoretti)
and 3 French Language.

March 17, 1521 (But originally March 16, 1521)

It is a Western Europe calendar (advaced)
 Arrival in “Zamal (Samar)” particularly in the island of “Humumu”
(Homonhon).
 Magellan called It “Acquada da li buoni Segnialli” or (Watering place of
God signs)
 The districts was called “La islas de San Lazaro” (Island of Saint
Lazarus) because that day was the fest of Saint Lazarus.

March 30, (Originally March 29)

"Umangkla ang barko namin sa isla ng Mazaua, malapit sa bahay ng Rajah nito
(Rajah Siagu) at umakyat ng barko ang Rajah at sila Magellan kung saan sila'y
nagpalitan ng regalo. Nag-almusal at ipinasyal ni Magellan ang Rajah sa paligid
ng kanyang barko at ipinakita ang kanyang mga armas. Gayundin ako at isang
kasama ay sumama sa Rajah at sa Balanghai, kami ay pinakain ng baboy,
pinainom ng alak at pinakita ng hari ang kanilang palasyo at nagpakain pa."
 That is the courtesy of the Early Filipino during that time
 Namana natin sa kanila ang pagiging “Hospitable” na hanggang
ngayon ay meron parin.
Note: Sumama/isinama ng Rajah si Pigafetta sa kanyang balanghai sila ay
pinakain ng baboy, pinainom ng alak, at pinakita ng hari ang kanilang
palasyo at nagpakain pa.
 More eating that time.

MARCH 31 (originally March 30)

"Bumalik kami sa aming mga barko kasama ang kapatid ng Rajah ng Mazaua,
ang Rajah ng Butuan- Calagan na si Colambu, ang pinakamaayos na lalaking
nakita namin."
 Personally, describe him as the most neat of those leaders in that
place.

April 1 (Originally March 31) {one day after the meeting rajah kolambu}
 First mass in the Philipines was happened in “Mazaua” (Limasawa)
According to Pigafetta.
 Attended by Magellan, Rajah Kolambu, Rajah Siagu (Siaui) and
local islanders.

April 8, 1521 (April 7)

 Magellan went “Zubu” (Cebu) and meet Rajah Humabon.
 The Rajah wanted Magellan and his men to pay tribute (to tributo)
to them but told his translator Enrique that they are working for
King of Spain and threatened him a war.

APRIL 15, 1521 (original April 14)

 Held a mass on Humabon's place where attended by 800 local
members.
 Magellan gave Hara Humamay an image of Sto. Niño.
 Humabon became "Carlos" and Humamay became "Juaпа"

APRIL 27,1521 (originally April 26)

 Rajah Zula told Magellan that Matan's (Mactan) chieftain Cilapulapu
(Lapulapu) refused to obey the King of Spain.
 Bago pa mag April 27 ay may ipinadala na si Ferdinand Magellan
papuntang mactan or sa pamamagitan ni rajah humabon. Si rajah
humabon ay mayroon syang tauhan na pinapunta nya sa mactan para
ipagalam kay Lapulapu na mayroong mga bisita na galing sa Europa at
plano nilang dalhin doon sa kanilang lugar din ang kristiyanismo. But
Lapulapu refuse to accept Christianity in his place or on his
territory.
 Zula requested Magellan to send him only one boatload of men to
fight Cilapulapu but Magellan refuse
APRIL 28, 1521 (originally April 27)
 Actuallly the Battle of Mactan was began when,
 60 of Magellan's men set out armed with corselets and helmets
and 20-30 Balanhais loaded by Rajah Humabon's men went to
Matan to attack Cilapulapu.
 The local islanders had lances of bamboo and stakes hardened
with fire "Battle of Mactan" happened.

"Organisado ang paglusob ng mga tiga-Mactan habang nagsisigawan.

Isang grupo kada tagiliran ng mga Espanyol at isa sa harap na tila tatsulok. Nang
magpaputok ng mga kanyon at riple ang mga Espanyol, nakahanda na ang mga
kalasag ng mga ito. Gayundin, kanya-kanyang tago ang mga mandirigma upang
makaiwas, malinaw na malinaw na sila'y handa sa atake. Hindi nakayanan ng
mga Europeo ang mga pana, sibat, putik at bato na dumapo sa kanila.
At matapos nito'y iniutos ni Magellan na magsunog ng mga bahay ng mga
taga-Mactan na siyang lalong ikinagalit ng mga ito. At natutunan ng mga
mandirigmang taga-Mactan na puntiryahin paa ang mga kalabang nakabaluti.
Tinamaan si Magellan ng panang may lason sa kanang binti, pero sinabi
nitong bumalik na sa mga barko. Sa katapusan ng laban si Magellan ay
tinamaan ng sibat sa mukha ngunit nakalaban pa, nasugatan pa braso at
nakampilan pa sa kaliwang binti. Sa kanyang pagbagsak, pinagtulungan na siya
ng mga tiga-Mactan. At nang makita ng mga kasama na patay na si Magellan,
sila'y nagsiatrasan, dala-dala ang iba pang mga sugatan”.

Other contents of Pigafetta's manuscript:

 Lifestyle of early Filipinos in Visayas
 First vocabulary of Visayan words ever penned by a European
Description of early Visayan music
 Evidence that the world is round
 Re-discovery of Pacific Ocean
Pigafettas Chronicles:
 He notice that people in Homonhon Island are full of tattoo in their
body.
 Island of Panay/ Homonhon is also called “Isla de pintados”.
 Both male and female has a tattoo in their body.
 Native people is called “Burdado”

"Redencion presupone virtud, virtud sacrificio, sacrificio amor!"

(Redemption presupposes virtue; virtue sacrifice, sacrifice, love!)
 -Padre Florentino (El Filibusterismo, 1891)

“Customs of the Tagalogs”

(Relecion de las Costumres de Los Tagalos)

 By Fray Juan de Plasencia na nanirahan sa katagalugan.

 Na witness niya ang pamumuhay ng mga katagalugan

Historical background
 Written by Fray Juan de Plasencia in 1589 Currently kept in Archivo
General de Indias in Seville, Spain.
 Its English version appeared on Volume VII of Blair and Robertson's
collection of Spanish documents.
 Contains extensive information about political and socio-cultural history
of Tagalog region.
 It discusses the early Tagalog:
1. Social Classes
 Datu, Maharlika, Timawa, Alipin (Namamahay and Saguiguilir/d).
2. Houses
 made of bamboo, wood and nipa palm.
3. Ornaments
 adds distinction to a person (Kalumbiga and Agimat)

Noble class which is “Maginoo”

Maginoo in Tagalog and Datu in Visayan social class.
Timawa = Freemen
Warrior = Maharlika
Alipin = Servant
Every “Mayayaman” Has a Gold like the egg of goose.
Native - Eat rootcraps
Teeth of native Filipino have gold.
Kalumbiga
 Those are armlets, bracelets for native men and women, earings
like urduja.
Agimat
 Like pangil ng kidlat, santoninyong hubad, etc.

4. Dressing
 Male: Putong, Kangan, Bahag Female: Baro, Saya
5. Government
 Barangay system (30-100 families)

6. Marriage
 Paninilbihan, Bigay-kaya, Panghihimuyat, Bigay-suso

7. Religious beliefs
 (Paganism/Animism) Badhala (Supreme being), Idayanale (agriculture),
Sidapa (death), Agni (fire), Balangaw (rainbow), Mandarangan (war),
Lalahon (harvest), Siginaguran (hell)

8. Economic life
 agriculture, fishing, hunting, shipbuilding, foreign trades

9. Language
 Baybayin = Tagalog

10. Burials
 Normal people buried beside their house, Datu buried under a porch after
a four-day mourning Mourning was accompanied by drinking

11. Witchcraft
 Mancocolam, Hocloban, Manggagauay, Tigbalang, Patianac
Dauri
 Giving the property

Fray Juan Dela cruz = Intramuros