School of Petroleum and Mining Engineering

Petroleum Engineering Department

Course title Reservoir simulation with ECLIPSE

HW # 5
Title Modelling
Date 08.04.2023

Performed by Kanatbay Darmen, 2nd year student

Almaty, 2023
 INTRODUCTION
The introduction should provide a clear statement of the problem posed by the HW/Lab/Practice. The introduction needs to
present background information. A brief summary of the unique approach you used to solve the problem should be given,
possibly also including a coincide introduction to theory or concept used later to analyze and to discuss the results.

Miscibility is, without a doubt, a crucial aspect one would consider in terms of oil
extraction. To be exact, injector based production strongly relies on miscible injector gases, or
creates certain conditions for them to be miscible. It is explained by the fact that miscible gases (or
fluids) effectively push out the oil from the reservoir without causing viscous fingering effect or
capillary forces as it does not create any interfaces with the displaced phase. To add up, miscibility
is divided into two types – first contact miscibility (FCM) and multi-contact miscibility (MCM).
FCM is characterized by the immediate process of miscibility between the diplacing and displaced
phases while MCM shows miscibility only after a multiple amount of contacts (phase exchanges).
Related to this subject, laboratory work is conducted by using PVTi sub-program of
ECLIPSE in order to observe experimental results of miscibility tests with different gases. Thus,
this program has provided corresponding plots and calculations, which were examined and
reviewed in this work.

MAIN PART
Description of the problem. What you should to obtain.

According to the requirements of this lab work, phase plots and ternary plots should be
obtained for three given examples of gases and one extra gas added by a student. By reviewing the
following output, this work is aimed at proper analysis of results in terms of miscibility and overall
phase behavior. Thus, at the end of the task, 4 phase plots and 4 ternary plots should be obtained.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Describe the procedure to carry out the solving method/measurements and how the solving method/measurements
were analyzed. Show the solving procedure.

Methodology for this lab work is based on instructions given in the corresponding post in
google classroom. According to step-by-step instructions, the workflow process could be divided
into four major steps:
1. Defining the fundamentals for the displaced fluid (compositional properties)
2. Adding gases to the program, and performing mixing with the ZI fluid
3. Performing FCMP and MCMP experiments with all gases
4. Creating desired plots
1. Defining the fundamentals for the displaced fluid (compositional properties)
The required data for fundamentals was given in advance, so it was copied and pasted to
the corresponding in-program table

As it can be seen, except for gases from the example, N2 is integrated to the table with it’s
properties (molecular weight and specific gravity).

2. Adding gases to the program, and performing mixing with the ZI fluid

According to instructions, gases were named and their compositional proportions

were defined in the compositions panel. Note that screenshots were taken after the overall
completion of the task, and thus may confuse the reader as it contains data of already
mixed components.
After that, the mixing is performed under the 367 K temperature and mole fraction of 50%.
Eventually, this step ended up with following mixed components:

3. Performing FCMP and MCMP experiments with all gases

By using the ‘experiments’ tool on the toolbar, all four gases were observed for their First-
Contact and Multiple-Contact Miscibility pressures

After that, pressure outputs were imported to the Microsoft Word table, for convenience.
Injection study First-Contact Multi-Contact
Miscibility Miscibility
Pressure (FCMP), Pressure (MCMP),
bar bar
GAS 472.2657 455.0396
CO2 289.8305 289.8304
CH4 574.2108 460.8243
N2 290.1946 290.1946
 4. Creating desired plots

Eventually, phase plots and ternary plots were available to create.

RESULTS
Present your actual results. The results should be summarized using appropriate tables and figures (graphs or schematic). Every
figure and table should have a legend that describes concisely what is contained to shown.

Phase plot for CO2, ZI, ZICO2

Phase plot for CH4, ZI, ZICH4

Phase plot for GAS, ZI, ZIGAS

Phase plot for N2, ZI, ZIN2

Ternary plot for CO2 – ZI

Ternary plot for CH4 – ZI

Ternary plot for GAS – ZI

 Ternary plot for N2 - ZI

DISCUSSIONS

The DISCUSSION interprets the results in light of the project's objectives. The DISCUSSION should also present an evaluation
of the particular approach. For example: Based on the results, how could the experimental procedure be improved? What
additional, future work may be warranted? What recommendations can be drawn?

As you can see from results, we could derive a certain gas’ miscibility, by observing their
ternary plots. From the corresponding lecture, we know that if the line between two fluids or
gases (displacing and displaced) do not cross the two-phase region, miscibility is considered to be
first-contact (crossing the critical line is not mandatory). Thus, we can conclude that N2, CO2 and
GAS are miscible with ZI fluid at first contact right away. I would also note that comparatively
large two-phase regions observable on ternary plots of N2 and CO2 are explained by their low
FCMP, which confirms the “lower the pressure – bigger the two-phase region” statement from the
lecture (considering that the temperature is stable for all gases). When it comes to CH4, it’s
ternary plot with ZI has shown the trace of multiple-contact miscibility, as it crossed the two-
phase region and critical line. It also seems like almost immiscible as we can see that it barely
crosses the critical line and TPR.
From the phase plots we can observe how gases and ZI interact and form new PVT
behaviors. All of the gases have shown different outcomes with varying bubble-point and dew-
point lines. But I would like to point out one interesting observation. Gases which showed first-
contact miscibility on ternary plots had one distinguishable common thing – initial phase of ZI
and the phase of it’s consequent mixed form with those gases had closed phase regions while CH4
has lead to an open or discontinuous two-phase region. It occurs to me that this exact similarity of
those three gases play a huge role in their miscibility as they probably share resembling PVT
behaviors with ZI fluid.
 CONCLUSION

The CONCLUSIONS should summarize the central points made in the Discussion section, reinforcing for me the value and
implications of the work. If the results were not definitive, specific future work that may be needed can be (briefly) described.
Therefore, any conclusions should be based on observations and data already discussed.

To conclude, this lab work has been really useful in terms of getting to know
more about phase behaviors under different circumstances and compositions. It surely
have consolidated the valuable information that we had gained earlier on our lectures.

REFERENCES:
The REFERENCES section should contain complete citations following standard form. The form of the citation depends on the
type of source being referenced, and is different for whole books, chapters in books, and articles published in a journal.

[Link]
chapter-5-miscible-displacement/

[Link]

Your HW/Lab/Practice should be send only in electronic form in doc/docx format to

classroom. The same reports will be evaluated for zero mark