A Tutorial Manual for

Probability & Statistics

(3130006)
B.E. Semester 3 (BM, CE, EC, IT)

Government Engineering College, Sector 28

Gandhinagar

Directorate of Technical Education,

Gandhinagar, Gujarat
 Government Engineering College, Gandhinagar
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr./Ms. ___________________________________
________ Enrollment No. _______________ of B.E. Semester _____Branch
__________ Engineering of this Institute (GTU Code: _____ ) has
satisfactorily completed the Tutorial work for the subject Probability &
Statistics for the academic year 2023-24.

Place: __________

Date: __________

Name and Sign of Faculty member

Probability & Statistics (3130006)

Preface
Main objectives of tutorial work of any subject is for pleasing to the eye on required skills as
well as creating ability amongst students to solve real time problem by developing relevant
competencies in psychomotor domain. By keeping in view, GTU has designed competency
focused outcome-based curriculum for engineering degree programs where sufficient time
given to Tutorial work. It shows importance of enhancement of skills amongst the students
and it pays attention to utilize every second of time allotted for Tutorial work amongst
students, faculty members to achieve relevant outcomes by solving the tutorial rather than
having simply study type classroom learning. It is must for effective implementation of
competency focused outcome-based curriculum that every Tutorial work is keenly designed to
serve as a tool to develop and enhance relevant competency required by the various branch of
engineering among every student. These psychomotor skills are very difficult to develop
through traditional chalk and board content delivery method in the classroom. Accordingly,
this lab manual is designed to focus on the programme and Course Outcome defined relevant
programme, rather than old practice of conducting Tutorial to prove concept and theory.

By using this Tutorial manual students can go through the relevant theory and numerical in
advance which creates an interest and students can have basic practice prior to exam. This in
turn enhances pre-determined outcomes amongst students. Each Tutorial in this manual
begins with understanding, utility, modeling, analytic and creativity other relevant skills,
course outcomes as well as practical outcomes (objectives).

This Tutorial also provides guidelines to faculty members to facilitate student centric Tutorial
activities through each Tutorial by arranging and managing necessary resources in order that
the students follow the procedures with required skill to achieve the outcomes. It also gives an
idea that how students will be assessed by process of continuous evaluation system.

Probability and Statistics is a basic science course, which focus on topics like, Experiment,
definition of probability, conditional probability, independent events, Bayes’ rule, Bernoulli trials,
Random variables, discrete random variable, probability mass function, continuous random
variable, probability density function, cumulative distribution function, properties of cumulative
distribution function, Two dimensional random variables and their distribution functions,
Marginal probability function, Independent random variables, Binomial distribution, Poisson
distribution, Poisson approximation to the binomial distribution, Normal, Exponential and
Gamma densities, Evaluation of statistical parameters for these distributions, Measure of central
tendency: Moments, Expectation, dispersion, skewness, kurtosis, expected value of two
dimensional random variable, Linear Correlation, correlation coefficient, rank correlation
coefficient, Regression, Bounds on probability, Chebyshev‘s Inequality, Formation of Hypothesis,
Test of significance: Large sample test for single proportion, Difference of proportions, Single
mean, Difference of means, and Difference of standard deviations, t- Test for single mean,
difference of means, t-test for correlation coefficients, F- test for ratio of variances, Chi-square
test for goodness of fit and independence of attributes, Curve fitting by the numerical method:
Curve fitting by of method of least squares, fitting of straight lines, second degree parabola and
more general curves.
 Probability & Statistics (3130006)

Probability & Statistics (3130006)

CO-PO Matrices

Table

Sr. Cos Statement

No.

1 1 Understand the terminologies of basic probability, two types of random variables and their 20%
probability functions

2 2 Observe and analyze the behavior of various discrete and continuous probability 25%
distributions

3 3 Understand the central tendency, correlation and correlation coefficient and also regression 20%

4 4 Apply the statistics for Testing the significance of the given large and small sample data by 25%
using t- Test, F- Test and Chi-square Test

5 5 Understand the fitting of various curves by method of least square 10%

Table CO – PO Matrix
PO4
PO3 PO6 PO9 PO11
PO1 PO2 Conduct PO5 PO7 PO12
Sr. Design/ The PO8 Individual PO10 Project
Engineering Problem investigations of Modern Environment and Life-long
No. development of engineer Ethics and team Communication management
knowledge analysis complex tool usage sustainability learning
solutions and society work and finance
problems

1 CO1 3 3

2 CO2 3 3

3 CO3 3 3

4 CO4 3 3

5 CO5 3 3

Instructions for Students

1. Students are expected to carefully listen to all the theory classes delivered by the faculty
members and understand the Cos, content of the course, teaching and examination scheme,
skill set to be developed etc.
2. Students shall organize the work in the group and make record of all work.
3. Students shall develop maintenance skill as expected by course.
4. Student shall attempt to develop related hand-on skills and build confidence.
5. Student shall develop the habits of evolving more ideas, innovations, skills etc. apart from
those included in scope of manual.
6. Student shall refer book and resources.
7. Student should develop a habit of submitting the Tutorial work as per the schedule and
he/she should be well prepared for the same.
Probability & Statistics (3130006)

Index

(Progressive Assessment Sheet)

Sr. Objective(s) of Experiment Page Date of Sign Remarks

No. No. starting

Total
Date:

Tutorial No: 01

Topic: Basic Probability:

Sub Topics: Experiment, definition of probability, conditional probability, independent events,

Relevant CO: Understand the terminologies of basic probability, two types of random variables and
their probability functions

Objectives: 1. Understand concept of Experiment,

2. Definition of probability,
3. Evaluate conditional probability
4. Define independent event.
5. Using probability theorems to find probability of particular problems.

Sr. CO PI* B.T.

Question
No. level

1 Define Mutually exclusive events and independent events. If A and B Co1 1.2.2 R, U
are independent events, where P(A)=1/4, P(B)=2/3 . Find P(A  B)

2 A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the Co1 1.2.2 U, A
probability that the card is a spade or a king?
2.8.1

3 In a high school graduating class of 100 students, 54 Co1 1.2.2 U, A

studied mathematics, 69 studied history and 35 studied both
2.8.1
mathematics and history. If one of These students is selected at
random, find the probability that

(a) The students took mathematics or history.

(b) The students did not take either of these subjects.

(c) The students took history but not mathematics.

4 A problem in mathematics is given to three students A, B and C. If the Co1 1.2.2 U, A

probability of A solving the problem is 1⁄2 and B not solving it is 1⁄4.
2.8.1
The whole probability of the problem being solved is 63⁄64 then what
is the probability of solving it by student C?

5 A survey determines that in a locality, 33% go to work by Bike, 42% go Co1 1.2.2 U, A
by Car, and 12% use both. Find the probability that a random person
2.8.1
selected uses neither of them is?

6 If 3 balls are “randomly drawn” from a bowl containing 6 white and 5 Co1 1.2.2 U, A
black balls. Find the probability that one of the balls is white and the
 other two black? 2.8.1

7 A problem is given to 5 students P, Q, R, S, T. If the probability of Co1 1.2.2 U, A

solving the problem individually is 1/2, 1/3, 2/3, 1/5, 1/6 respectively,
2.8.1
then find the probability that the problem is solved.

8 Suppose box A contains 4 red and 5 blue coins and box B contains 6 Co1 1.2.2 U, A
red and 3 blue coins. A coin is chosen at random from the box A and
2.8.1
placed in box B. Finally, a coin is chosen at random from among those
now in box B. What is the probability a blue coin was transferred
from box A to box B given that the coin chosen from box B is red?

9 In how many different ways can 4 of 15 laboratory assistants be Co1 1.2.2 U

chosen to assist with an experiment?
2.8.1

10 If 3 balls are “randomly drawn” from a bowl containing 6 white and 5 Co1 1.2.2 U
black balls. What is the probability that one of the balls is white and
2.8.1
the other two black?

B.T. Level: R: Remembering, U: Understanding, A: Applying, N: Analyzing, E: Evaluating, C: Creating

PI* [Link]
Date:

Tutorial No: 02

Topic: Basic Probability:

Sub Topics:

Relevant CO: Understand the terminologies of basic probability, two types of random variables and
their probability functions

Objectives: 1. Understand concept of Bayes' theorem.

2. Using Bernoulli trials

Sr. CO PI B.T.
Question
No. level

1 A company selected engineers through campus interview CO1 1.2.2 U,A

from a university. Out of the total selection made 60%, 30%
2.8.1
and 10% are from Electronics, Computer and Mechanical
respectively. If 9%, 20% and 60% of the selected students do
not join the company. What is the probability that do not join
is from computer stream.

2 Two boxes containing candies re placed on a table. The boxes CO1 1.2.2 U,A
are labeled B1 and B2. Box B1 contains 7 cinnamon candies and
2.8.1
4 ginger candies. Box B2 contains 3 cinnamon candies and 8
pepper candies. The boxes are arranged so that the probability
of selecting box B1 is 1⁄3 and the probability of selecting box
B2 is 2⁄3. Suresh is blindfolded and asked to select a candy. He
will win a colour TV if he selects a cinnamon candy. What is the
probability that Suresh will win the TV (that is, he will select a
cinnamon candy)?

3 For a certain binary Communication channel, the probability CO1 1.2.2 U,A
that a transmitted ‘O’ is received as 'O' is 0.95 and the
2.8.1
probability that a transmitted '1' is received as '1' is 0.90. If
the probability that a 'O' is transmitted is 0.4, find the
probability that

(a) a '1' is received . (b) a '1' is transmitted given that a '1' is

received .
4 At a certain university, 4% of men are over 6 feet tall and 1% of CO1 1.2.2 U,A
women are over 6 feet tall. The total student population is
2.8.1
divided in the ratio 3:2 in favour of women. If a student is
selected at random from among all those over six feet tall, what
 is the probability that the student is a woman?

5 Three companies A, B and C supply 25%, 35% and 40% of the CO1 1.2.2 U,A
notebooks to a school. Past experience shows that 5%, 4% and
2.8.1
2% of the notebooks produced by these companies are
defective. If a notebook was found to be defective, what is the
probability that the notebook was supplied by A?

6 State Bayes’ theorem. An urn I contains 3 white and 4 red balls CO1 1.2.2 R, U , A
and an urn II contains 5 white and 6 red balls. One ball is drawn
2.8.1
at random from one of the urns and is found to be white. Find
the probability that it was drawn from urn I.

7 There are three bags; first containing 1 white, 2 red and 3 green CO1 1.2.2 U,A
balls; second 2 white, 3 red and 1 green balls and third 3 white,
2.8.1
1 red and 2 green balls. Two balls are drawn from a bag chosen
at random. These are found to be 1 white and 1 red. Find the
probability that the balls so drawn came from the second bag.

8 An insurance company insured 2000 bike drivers, 4000 car CO1 1.2.2 U,A
drivers and 6000 truck drivers. The probability of an accident
2.8.1
involving a bike driver, a car driver and a truck driver is 0.10,
0.03 and 0.15 respectively. One of the insured persons meets
with an accident. What is the probability that he is a bike driver?

9 There are two boxes A and B containing 4 white, 3 red and 3 CO1 1.2.2 U,A
white, 7 red balls respectively. A box is chosen at random and a
2.8.1
ball is drawn from it, If the ball is white, find the probability that
it is from box A.

10 Of three persons the chances that a politician, a businessman, or CO1 1.2.2 U,A
an academician would be appointed the Vice Chancellor (VC) of
2.8.1
a university are 0.5, 0.3, and 0.2 respectively. Probabilities that
research is promoted by these persons if there are appointed as
VC are 0.3, 0.7, 0.8 respectively.

(i) Determine the probability that research is promoted.

(ii) If research is promoted, what is the probability that VC
is an academician?
B.T. Level: R: Remembering, U: Understanding, A: Applying, N: Analyzing, E: Evaluating, C: Creating
Date:

Tutorial No: 03

Topic: Basic Probability:

Sub Topics: discrete random variable, probability mass function, continuous random variable,
probability density function, cumulative distribution function, properties of
cumulative distribution function, Two dimensional random variables and their
distribution functions, Marginal probability function, Independent random variables.

Relevant CO: Understand the terminologies of basic probability, two types of random variables and
their probability functions

Objectives: 1. Define Random variables

2. Define discrete random variable and Continuous random variable.
3. Using probability mass function and probability density function to calculate
probability of various problems.
4. Define Cumulative distribution function and also properties of cumulative
distribution function
5. Define two dimensional random variables. Also find their distribution
functions.
6. Define Marginal probability function, independent random variables.

Sr. CO PI B.T.
Question
No. level

Define a term random variable and explain different types of random CO1 1.2.2 R
1
variable.

2 If X is random variable denoting the sum obtained in rolling a pair of CO1 1.2.2 U,A
fair dice, determine its probability mass function.
2.8.1

3 Find the distribution function for the random variable x where CO1 1.2.2 U,A
𝑥, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥 < 1
probability density is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2.8.1
−2𝑥, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 2

4 A random variable X has the following probability distribution: CO1 1.2.2 U,A

X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2.8.1

P(X) 0 k 2k 2k 3k k2 2k2 7k2+k

(a) Find k and hence evaluate P(0 < X < 5)

 1.5  X  4.5 
(b) Find P  (c) Also find the E(X).
 X 2 
5 If X is a continuous random variable with the following probability CO1 1.2.2 U,A

density function f(x) =

 
a 2 x  x 2 , 0 < x  2
2.8.1
0 , x 2

(i) Find the value of “a”. (ii) Find P[X >1].

6 A random variable X has the following probability distribution CO1 1.2.2 U,A

Values 2.8.1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
of X

P(x) a 3a 5a 7a 9a 11a 13a 15a 17a

(i) Determine the value of a.

(ii) Find P(x < 3); P(X  3), P(0 < X < 5).
(iii) What is the smallest value of x for which P( X  x ) > 0.5.
(iv) Also Find E(X).
7 The joint distribution function of a random variable (X,Y) is given by CO1 1.2.2 U,A
  
FXY (x, y) = 1  e  a x 1  e  b y ; x , y  0 , a , b > 0 2.8.1

Find (i) Marginal distribution functions of X and Y.

(ii) P  X  2 , Y  2  and P  X  2  .

(iii) Also show that X and Y are independent.

8 The joint probability density function of a bivariate variable (X, Y) is CO1 1.2.2 U,A
given by
2.8.1
𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑘(2𝑥 + 𝑦); 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑦 < 1
where k is constant.

(i) Find the value of k.

(ii) Find the marginal probability density function of X and Y.
(iii) Conditional density of X for given Y and use it to evaluate
 1 
 X  
P 2 .
 Y =1 
 
 

9 The joint probability density function of a bivariate variable (X, Y) is CO1 1.2.2 U,A
given by
2.8.1
k (x + y) ; 0 < x < 3 , 0 < y < 3
f XY (x, y) =
0, otherwise

where k is constant.

(i) Find the value of k.

 (ii) Find the marginal probability density function of X and
Y.
(iii) Are X and Y independent.
10 The joint probability mass function of (X , Y) is given by CO1 1.2.2 U,A

𝑃 𝑥 ,𝑦 = 𝑘 𝑥 𝑦 ; 𝑖 = 1,2 ; 𝑗 = 1,2,3 2.8.1

(i) Find k.
(ii) Find the marginal probability mass function of X and Y.
11 If two random variables 𝑋 and 𝑌 have the joint density CO1 1.2.2 U,A

k (x + y 2 ) ; 0 < x < 1 , 0 < y < 1 2.8.1

f XY (x, y) =
0, elsewhere

Find 𝑘 and the mean of the conditional density 𝑓 (𝑥 | 0.5) where

𝑓 (𝑥) is the marginal probability density of 𝑋.

B.T. Level: R: Remembering, U: Understanding, A: Applying, N: Analyzing, E: Evaluating, C: Creating

Date:

Tutorial No: 04

Topic: Some special Probability Distributions:

Sub Topics: Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, Poisson approximation to the

binomial distribution

Relevant CO: Observe and analyze the behaviour of various discrete and continuous
probability distributions
Objectives: 1. Understand concept of discrete probability distribution
2. Definition of Binomial distribution
3. Evaluation of statistical parameters for binomial distribution
4. Definition of Poisson distribution
5. To prove Poisson approximation to the binomial distribution
6. Evaluation of statistical parameters for Poisson distribution

Sr. CO PI B.T.
Question
No. level

1 If 10% if the pens manufactured by the company are defective, CO2 1.2.2 U,A
Find the probability that a box of 12 pens contain
2.8.1
(i) Exactly two defective pens (ii) At least two defective pens
(iii) No defective pens.
2 If During a war, one out of 9 ships could not arrive safely. Find CO2 1.2.2 U,A
the probability that exactly 3 out of 6 would arrive safely.
2.8.1

3 A noisy transmission channel has per digit error probability CO2 1.2.2 U,A
p = 0.01. Find probability of more than one error in 10 received
2.8.1
digit using

(i) Binomial distribution (ii) Poisson distribution

4 Letters are received in an office on each one of 100 days. CO2 1.2.2 U,A
Assuming the following data to form a random sample from a
2.8.1
Poisson distribution. Find the expected frequencies correct to
nearest units. (Given e-4 = 0.0183)

No. of letters (X) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Frequency(f) 1 4 15 22 21 20 8 6 2 0 1

5 Out of 800 families with 4 children each how many families CO2 1.2.2 U,A
would be expected to have
2.8.1
(i) no girl (ii) at least one boy (iii) 2 boys and 2 girls
(iv) at most 2 girls
 Assume equal probabilities for boys and girls.

6 Razor blades are supplied by a manufacturing company in CO2 1.2.2 U,A

packets of 10. There is a probability of 1 in 100 blades to be
2.8.1
defective. Using Poisson distribution to calculate the number of
packets containing one defective blade, no defective blade and
all defective in a consignment of 10,000 packets.

7 Each sample of a Chemical used in a textile dying process has a CO2 1.2.2 U,A
10% chance of containing a pollutant. Find out the probability
2.8.1
that in the next 20 samples, contain the pollutant. Assuming that
the samples are independent with regard to the presence of the
pollutant. To determine the probability that at least four sample
contain the pollutant.

8 The probability that a bomb dropped from a plane will strike the CO2 1.2.2 U,A
target is 1/5. If six such bombs are dropped find the probability
2.8.1
that at least two will strike the target.

9 Find the probability that at most 5 defective fuses will be found CO2 1.2.2 U,A
in a box of 200 fuses. If experience show that 2 percent of such
2.8.1
fuses are defective.

10 The following mistakes per page were observed in a book. CO2 1.2.2 U,A

No. of Mistake per page 0 1 2 3 4 5 2.8.1

No of Pages 2 14 20 34 22 8
Fit a Binomial distribution for the given data.

11 With usual notations, find the value of p for a binomial random CO2 1.2.2 U,A
variable x when n=6 and 9P(x=4)=P(x=2).
2.8.1

12 Prove that Poisson distribution is a limiting case of Binomial CO2 1.2.2 U,A
distribution.
2.8.1

B.T. Level: R: Remembering, U: Understanding, A: Applying, N: Analyzing, E: Evaluating, C: Creating

Date:

Tutorial No: 05

Topic: Some special Probability Distributions:

Sub Topics: Normal distribution

Relevant CO: Observe and analyze the behavior of various discrete and continuous probability
distributions

Objectives: 1. Definition Normal distribution

2. Evaluation of statistical parameters for normal distribution

Sr. CO PI B.T.
Question
No. level

1 Define Normal distribution. Also write the properties of normal CO2 1.2.2 R
distribution.

2 Find the area under the normal curve for (i) 𝑧 < −1.8 (ii) 𝑧 > CO2 1.2.2 U,A
0.5 (iii) 𝑧 < 2.3
2.8.1

3 If Skulls are classified as A, B, C according as the length and CO2 1.2.2 U,A
breadth index as under 75, between 75 and 80, or over 80. Find
2.8.1
the approximately mean and the standard deviation of the
classes in which A are 58% , B are 38% and C are 4% given

1 ⁄
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑑𝑡 ; 𝑓(0.20) = 0.08, 𝑓(1.75) = 0.46
√2𝜋

4 The distribution of weekly wages for 500 workers in a factory is CO2 1.2.2 U,A
approximately normal with the mean and standard deviation of
2.8.1
Rs. 75 and Rs. 15 respectively. Find the number of workers who
receive weekly wages (i) more than Rs. 90 (ii) less than Rs. 45.

5 If the height of 300 students is normally distributed with mean CO2 1.2.2 U,A
64.5 inches and standard deviation 3.3 inches. How many
2.8.1
students have heights ;

(i) less than 5 feet (ii) between 5 feet and 5 feet 9 inches

Also find the height below which 99% of the student lie.

6 In a normal distribution 31% of the items are under 45 and 8% CO2 1.2.2 U,A
are over 64. Find the parameters of the distribution.
 2.8.1

7 A manufacturer knows from experience that the resistance of CO2 1.2.2 U,A
resistors he produces is normal with a mean   100 ohms and
2.8.1
standard deviation   2 ohms. What percentage of resistors
will have resistance between 98 ohms and 102 ohms?

8 State properties of the normal distribution. Suppose the marks CO2 1.2.2 U,A
of 800 students are normally distributed with mean 66 and
2.8.1
standard deviation 5. Find number of students getting marks (i)
between 65 and 70 (ii) greater than or equal to 72 (Given that
P(0 ≤ z ≤ 0.20) = 0.0793, that P(0 ≤ z ≤ 0.80) = 0.2881 and that
P(0 ≤ z ≤ 1.2) = 0.3849)
9 The probability that an electronic component will fail in less CO2 1.2.2 U,A
than 1000 hours of continuous use is 0.25. Use the normal
2.8.1
approximation to find the probability that among 200 such
components fewer than 45 will fail in less than 1000 hours of
continuous use.

10 Assume that 5 % of the apples weigh less than 150 𝑔𝑚 and 20 % CO2 1.2.2 U,A
of the apples weigh more than 225 𝑔𝑚. If the distribution of the
2.8.1
weight of the apples is normal, find the mean and standard
deviation of the distribution.

11 Find the mean and variance for normal distribution. CO2 1.2.2 U,A

2.8.1

B.T. Level: R: Remembering, U: Understanding, A: Applying, N: Analyzing, E: Evaluating, C: Creating

Date:

Tutorial No: 06

Topic: Some special Probability Distributions:

Sub Topics: Exponential and Gamma densities, Evaluation of statistical parameters for these
distributions.

Relevant CO: Observe and analyze the behavior of various discrete and continuous probability
distributions

Objectives: 1. Definition of Exponential distribution

2. Evaluation of statistical parameters for Exponential distribution
3. Definition of Gamma distribution
4. Evaluation of statistical parameters for Gamma distribution

Sr. CO PI B.T.
Question
No. level

1 Assume that the length of a phone call in minutes is an CO2 1.2.2 U,A
1
exponential with parameter. λ = . If someone arrives at a 2.8.1
10
phone booth just before you arrive. Find the probability that you
will have to wait.

(i) Less than 5 minutes (ii)between 5 and 10 minutes.

2 The time required to repair a machine is exponentially distributed CO2 1.2.2 U,A
with parameter   1 .
2.8.1
2

(i) What is the probability that the repair time exceed 2 hrs.
(ii) What is the conditional probability that a repair takes at
least 10 hrs. Given that its duration exceeds 9 hrs.
3 A car hire firm has two cars which it hires out day by day. CO2 1.2.2 U,A
The number of demands for a car on each day is distributed
as Poisson variate with mean 1.5. Calculate the proportion of 2.8.1
days on which (1) Neither car is used (2) some demand is
refused.

4 Define exponential distribution. The average time it takes to CO2 1.2.2 U,A
serve a customer at a petrol pump is 6 minutes. The service time
follows exponential distribution. Calculate the probability that 2.8.1

(i) A customer will take less than 2 minutes to complete the

service.
(ii) A customer will take between 4 and 5 minutes to get the
service.
(iii) A customer will take more than 10 minutes for his service.
5 How exponential distribution is useful in real applications? Find CO2 1.2.2 U,A
 the mean and variance of the exponential distribution 2.8.1

 1 x / 
 e , x  0 ,   0.
f ( x)   
0 , otherwise


6 Define Gamma distribution. Given a Gamma random variable X CO2 1.2.2 U,A
with r = 3 and  = 2. Compute E (X ), Var(X ) and P(X  1.5).
2.8.1

7 If a random variable x is Gamma distribution with parameter𝜆 = CO2 1.2.2 U,A

3, compute the value of (𝑖)𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖)𝑃 (1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2).
2.8.1

8 In a certain city, the daily consumption of electric power (in CO2 1.2.2 U,A
millions of kilowatt hours) can be treated as a random variable
having a gamma distribution with 𝛼 = 2 and 𝛽 = 3. If the power 2.8.1
plant of this city has a daily capacity of 12 million kilowatt-
hours, what is the probability that this power supply will be
inadequate on any given day? Also, find the mean of this
probability density.

9 Show that for the exponential distribution given by CO2 1.2.2 U,A
x / c
dp  a e , 0  x  , c  0 , a being a constant, the mean and
2.8.1
standard deviation are each equal to c.

10 Suppose that the time it takes to get service in a restaurant CO2 1.2.2 U,A
follows a gamma distribution with mean 8 minutes and variance
32 minutes. Suppose that you went to this restaurant at 6: 30 p.m. 2.8.1
What is the probability that you will receive service before 6: 36
p.m.?

B.T. Level: R: Remembering, U: Understanding, A: Applying, N: Analyzing, E: Evaluating, C: Creating

Date:

Tutorial No: 07

Topic: Basic Statistics:

Sub Topics: Measure of central tendency, mean , mode, median, mean deviation,
standard deviation and quartile deviation, moment.

Relevant CO: Understand the central tendency, correlation and correlation coefficient and
also regression
Objectives: 1. Measure of central tendency
2. Find Mean, Mode and Median for given data.
3. Calculate mean deviation, standard deviation and quartile deviation.
4. Calculate moment about origin, about any point and about mean.

Sr. CO PI B.T.
Question
No. level

1 Find the mean, median and Mode for the following frequency Co3 1.2.2 U,A
distribution
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2.8.1
f 4 7 8 10 6 6 4 2 2 1
2 The following are the marks obtained by 10 students in Mathematics. Co3 1.2.2 U,A
Find the average marks.
2.8.1
Roll 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
no
Marks 48 65 43 31 57 37 60 59 49 77

3 The Arithmetic mean of the following frequency distribution is 34 Co3 1.2.2 U,A
marks. Determine the missing frequency.
2.8.1
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60

No. of students 5 15 20 𝑎 20 10

4 An insurance company obtained the following data for accident Co3 1.2.2 U,A
claims (in thousand rupees) from a particular region. Find its mean,
2.8.1
median and Mode.

Amount 1-3 3-5 5-7 7-9 9-11 11-13

Frequency 6 47 75 46 18 8

5 Compute mean deviation and standard deviation for the data Co3 1.2.2 U,A

2.8.1

Size of the 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
 item
frequency 3 6 9 13 8 5 4
6 Compute quartile deviation and mean deviation for the following Co3 1.2.2 U,A
data.
2.8.1
Class 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69

Frequency 2 12 27 45 30 18

7 Find the quartile deviation for the following distribution. Co3 1.2.2 U,A
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
2.8.1
frequency 2 5 7 13 21 16

Class 60-70 70-80

frequency 8 3

8 The first four moments of a distribution about the value 4 of the Co3 1.2.2 U,A
variable are -1.5, 17, -30 and 108. Find the moments about the mean
2.8.1
and comment on their values. Also find the moment about the
point x = 2.

9 Calculate the first four moments of the following distribution about a Co3 1.2.2 U,A
= 40.5 and hence find the moments about the mean of distribution:
2.8.1
Hours 30-32.9 33-35.9 36-38.9 39-41.9 42-44.9 45-47.9
worked

No. of 2 4 26 47 15 6
Industries

10 Find the first four moments (a) about the origin (b) about the mean Co3 1.2.2 U,A
for a random variable x having density function
2.8.1
( )
;0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
𝑓(𝑥) =
0 ; 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒

B.T. Level: R: Remembering, U: Understanding, A: Applying, N: Analyzing, E: Evaluating, C: Creating

Date:

Tutorial No: 08

Topic: Basic Statistics:

Sub Topics: Expectation, dispersion, skewness, kurtosis

Relevant CO: Understand the central tendency, correlation and correlation coefficient and
also regression
Objectives: 1. Find Expectation for the given data.
2. Find dispersion and skewness for given data.
3. Using moment to calculate skewness and kurtosis.

Sr. CO PI B.T.
Question
No. level

1 A man draws 2 balls from a bag containing 3 white and 5 black Co3 1.2.2 U,A
balls. If he receives Rs. 50 for every white ball he draws and Rs. 20
2.8.1
for every black ball. Find his expectation.

2 For a distribution of 250 heights, calculations showed that the Co3 1.2.2 U,A
mean, standard deviation β 1 and β 2 were 54 inches, 3 inches, 0
2.8.1
inches and 3 inches. It was however, discovered on checking that
two items 64 and 50 in the original data were wrongly written in
place of the correct values 62 and 52 inches respectively.
Calculate the correct frequency constant.

3 For a group of 10 items,  x  452 ,  x 2

 24270 and Co3 1.2.2 U,A
mod e  43.7. Find Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness. 2.8.1

4 Calculate the Bowley’s coefficient of skewness for the following Co3 1.2.2 U,A
data.
2.8.1
Class interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

Frequency 10 14 19 17 13

5 In a distribution, the mean =65, median = 70, coefficient of Co3 1.2.2 U,A
skewness = - 0.6. Find the mode and coefficient of variation.
2.8.1

6 Compute the coefficient of skewness by using Karl Pearson and Co3 1.2.2 U,A
Bowley’s method for the following data.
2.8.1

Class interval 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10

 Frequency 5 18 42 27 8

7 A random variable X has a following p. d. f. Co3 1.2.2 U,A

1 2.8.1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ;0 < 𝑥 < 2
2
0 ; 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒

Find (i) E(X) (ii) V(x) (iii) 

E 3X 2
 2X 
8 A and B throw an ordinary die alternately for a stake of Rs. 11, Co3 1.2.2 U,A
which is to be won by the player who first throws 6. Find their
2.8.1
expectations, if A has the first chance.

9 A person draws cards one by one from a pack until he draws Co3 1.2.2 U,A
all the aces. How many cards he may be expected to draw?
2.8.1

10 Let X be a random variable with E(X)= 10 and V(X)= 25. Find the Co3 1.2.2 U,A
positive values of 𝐴 and 𝑏 such that 𝑌 = 𝐴𝑥 – 𝑏 has an
2.8.1
expectation of 0 and variance of 1.

B.T. Level: R: Remembering, U: Understanding, A: Applying, N: Analyzing, E: Evaluating, C: Creating

Date:

Tutorial No: 09

Topic: Basic Statistics:

Sub Topics: Expected value of two dimensional random variable, Linear Correlation, correlation
coefficient, rank correlation coefficient, Regression, Bounds on probability,
Chebyshev‘s Inequality

Relevant CO: Understand the central tendency, correlation and correlation coefficient and also
regression

Objectives: 1. Calculate Correlation and Rank Correlation for given data.

2. Find regression line for given data.
3. Define the Chebyshev’s inequality and use it to solve problems.

Sr. CO PI B.T.
Question
No. level

1 Calculate the Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation of the following Co3 1.2.2 U, A
data:-
2.8.1
X 25 27 30 35 33 28 36

Y 19 22 27 28 30 23 28

2 Calculate the correlation coefficient for the following height (in Co3 1.2.2 U, A
inches) of fathers (X) and their son(Y):
X 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 72 2.8.1

Y 67 68 65 68 72 72 69 71

3 Prove that the correlation coefficient lies between – 1 and + 1. Co3 1.2.2 U, A

2.8.1

4 Calculate the rank correlation coefficient for given data Co3 1.2.2 U, A

X 12 15 18 20 16 15 18 22 15 21 18 15 2.8.1
Y 10 18 19 12 15 19 17 19 16 14 13 17
5 The ranks of same 16 students in Mathematics and Physics are as Co3 1.2.2 U, A
follows. Two numbers within brackets denote the ranks of the
2.8.1
students in Mathematics and Physics.

(1,1), (2,10), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,7), (7,2), (8,6), (9,8), (10,11), (11,15),
(12,9), (13,14), (14,12), (15,16), (16,13). Calculate the rank correlation
coefficient for proficiencies of this group in Mathematics and Physics

6 Calculate the coefficient of correlation and obtain the line of Co3 1.2.2 U, A
 regression for the following data. 2.8.1

X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
y 9 8 10 12 11 13 14 16 15
Obtain also an estimate for y which should correspond on an average
to x = 6.2.

7 In a partially destroyed laboratory on record of an analysis of Co3 1.2.2 U, A

correlation data the following results only are legible, Var x = 9,
2.8.1
Regression equations:

8𝑥 – 10𝑦 + 66 = 0; 40𝑥 – 18 𝑦 = 214

Find: (i) The mean value of x and y (ii) The standard deviation of y

(iii)The coefficient of correlation between x and y.

8 Show that θ , the acute angle between the two lines of regression is Co3 1.2.2 U, A
given by
2.8.1

 1  r 2  σ x σ y 

tan θ =  
 Interpret the case when r = 0,  1
 r  σ + σ
  x 2 y2 

9 Find the most likely price in Bombay corresponding to the price of Co3 1.2.2 U, A
Rs.70 at Calcutta from the following:
2.8.1
Calcutta Bombay
Average price 65 67
Standard deviation 2.5 3.5
Correlation coefficient between the prices of commodities in the two
cities is 0.8.

10 Find the two lines of regression and coefficient of correlation for the Co3 1.2.2 U, A
data given below.
2.8.1

n = 18 ,  x = 12 ,  y = 18 ,  x 2 = 60 ,  y 2 = 96 ,  x y = 48.

11 Obtain the regression line of y on x for the following data: Co3 1.2.2 U, A

X 100 98 78 85 110 93 80 2.8.1

y 85 90 70 72 95 81 74
12 State Chebyshev’s inequality. A fair dice is tossed 120 times. Use Co3 1.2.2 U, A
Chebyshev’s inequality to find a lower bound for the probability of getting
80 to 120 sixes. 2.8.1

B.T. Level: R: Remembering, U: Understanding, A: Applying, N: Analyzing, E: Evaluating, C: Creating

Date:

Tutorial No: 10

Topic: APPLIED STATISTICS

Sub Topics: Formation of Hypothesis, Test of significance: Large sample Test for single
proportion, Difference of proportions, Single mean, Difference of means, and
Difference of standard deviations

Relevant CO: Apply the statistics for Testing the significance of the given large and small sample
data by using t- Test, F- Test and Chi-square Test

Objectives: 1. Understand concept of Hypothesis

2. Test of significance for Large sample for single proportion & difference of
proportions
3. Test of significance for Large sample for single mean & difference of means
4. Test of significance for Large sample for difference of standard deviations

Sr. CO PI B.T.
Question
No. level

1 Explain the term related to testing of hypothesis (i) Null hypothesis (ii) Co4 1.2.2 R
Level of significance (iii) Two tailed test.

2 Twenty people were attacked by disease and only 18 survived. 1.2.2 U, A

Will you reject the hypothesis that the survival rate, if attacked
by this disease is 85% in favour of the hypothesis that it is more 2.8.4
at 5% level. (Use large sample Test)

3 A cigarette manufacturing firm claims that its brand A of the Co4 1.2.2 U, A
cigarettes outsells its brand B by 8%. If it is found that 42 out of
a sample of 200 smokers prefer brand A and 18 out of another 2.8.4
random sample of 100 smokers prefer brand B, Test whether the
8% difference is a valid claim. (use 5% LOS)

4 In a year there are 956 births in a town A, of which 52.5% were Co4 1.2.2 U, A
males, while in towns A and B combined this proportion in a
total of 140.6 births was 0.496. Is there any significant difference 2.8.4
in the proportion of male births in the two towns?

5 In a large population, there are 30% and 25% respectively of Co4 1.2.2 U,A
blue-eyed people. Is this difference likely to be hidden in samples
of 1200 and 900 respectively from the two populations. 2.8.4

6 The mean breaking strength of the cables supplied by a Co4 1.2.2 U, A

manufacturer is 1800 with SD of 100. By a new technique in the
manufacturing process, it is claimed that the breaking strength of 2.8.4
the cable has increased. To Test this claim, a sample of 50 cables
 is Tested and it is found that the mean breaking strength is 1850.
Can we support the claim at 1% LOS.

7 A sample of 900 members has a mean 3.4cms and S.D. 2.61 cms. Co4 1.2.2 U, A
Is the sample from a large population of mean 3.25 cms and 2.61
cms. If the population is normal and the mean is unknown Find 2.8.4
the 95% and 98% fiducially limits of true mean.

8 Before an increase in excise duty on tea, 800 persons out of a Co4 1.2.2 U, A
sample 1000 persons were found to be tea drinkers. After an
increase in duty, 800 people were tea drinkers in sample 1200 2.8.4
using standard error of proportion, state whether there is a
significant decrease in the consumption of tea after the increase
in excise duty.

9 The means of two single large samples of 1000 and 2000 Co4 1.2.2 U, A
members are 67.5 inches and 68.0 inches respectively. Can the
samples be regarded as drawn from the same population of 2.8.4
standard deviation 2.5 inches. (Test at 5% LOS)

10 In a random sample of 400 persons from a large population 120 Co4 1.2.2 U, A
are females. Can it be said that males and females are in the ratio
5:3 in population? Use 1% level of significance. 2.8.4

11 Intelligence Tests were are given to groups of boys and girls. Co4 1.2.2 U, A

2.8.4

Mean Standard Deviation Size

Girls 75 8 60
Boys 73 10 100
Examine if the difference between mean scores is significant at
5% LOS.

12 The mean of 35 sample of the thermal conductivity of a certain Co4 1.2.2 U,A
kind of cement brick is 0.343 with standard deviation of 0.010.
Test the hypothesis that the population mean is 0.340 at 5% level 2.8.4
of significance

13 A tire company is suspicious to claim that the average lifetime of Co4 1.2.2 U, A
certain tires is at least 28000 km. To check the claim, the
company takes the sample of 40 tires and gets a mean life time of 2.8.4
27463 km with standard deviation of 1348 km. Test the
hypothesis at 1% level of significance.

14 A stenographer claims that she can type at the rate of 120 words Co4 1.2.2 U, A
per minute. She demonstrated, on the basis of 100 trials, an
average speed of 116 words with a standard deviation of 15 2.8.4
words. Does this enable us to reject the null hypothesis 𝜇 = 120
against the alternative hypothesis 𝜇< 120 at the 0.05 level of
 significance?

15 Ten bearings made by a certain process have a mean diameter of Co4 1.2.2 U,A
0.506 𝑐𝑚 and a standard deviation of 0.004 𝑐𝑚. Assuming that
the data may be looked upon as a random variable from a normal 2.8.4
population, construct a 95 % confidence interval for the actual
average diameter of bearings made by this process

16 The dean of a college wants to use the mean of a random sample Co4 1.2.2 U, A
to estimate the average amount of time students take to get from
one class to the next, and she wants to be able to assert with 99 % 2.8.4
confidence that the error is at most 0.25 minute. If it can be
presumed from experience that 𝜎 = 1.40 minutes, how large a
sample will she have to take?

17 A normal population has mean of 6.8 and standard deviation of Co4 1.2.2 U, A
1.5. A sample of 400 members gave a mean of 6.75. Is the
difference significant at LOS 5%. (Large sample Test) 2.8.4

18 In two large populations, there are 30% and 25%, respectively, of Co4 1.2.2 U, A
haired people. Is this difference likely to be hidden in sample of
1200 and 900, respectively, from the two populations at 5% and 2.8.4
1% LOS? (Large sample Test)

19 Random sample are drawn from two countries gave the following Co4 1.2.2 U, A
data relating to the heights of adult males:
2.8.4
Mean Standard Deviation Size
A 67.42 2.58 1000
B 67.25 2.50 1200
(i) Is the difference between means significant?
(ii) Is the difference between standard deviations?
(At 5% LOS)
B.T. Level: R: Remembering, U: Understanding, A: Applying, N: Analyzing, E: Evaluating, C: Creating
Date:

Tutorial No: 11

Topic: APPLIED STATISTICS

Sub Topics: Test of significance for small samples: t- test for single mean, t-test for difference of
means, t-test for correlation coefficients.

Relevant CO: Apply the statistics for Testing the significance of the given large and small sample
data by using t- Test, F- Test and Chi-square Test

Objectives: 1. Test of significance for small samples using t- test for single mean
2. Using t-test for difference of means, t-test for correlation coefficients

Sr. CO PI B.T.
Question
No. level

1 A mechanist is making engine parts with axle diameters 0.700”. Co4 1.2.2 U, A
A random sample of 10 parts shows a mean diameter of 0.742”
with a SD of 0.04”. Test whether work is meeting the 2.8.4
specification.

2 Show that the 95% fiducially limits for the mean 𝜇 of the Co4 1.2.2 U, A
St 0.05
population are x ± . Deduce that for a random sample of 2.8.4
n
16 values with mean 41.5” and the sum of the squares of the
deviations from the mean 135 (inches)2 and drawn from a normal
population, 95% fiducially limits for the mean of the population
are 39.9” and 43.1”.

3 The heights of 10 males of a given locality are found to be 175, Co4 1.2.2 U, A
168, 155, 170, 152, 170, 175, 160, 160 and 165 cm. Based on this
sample, Find the 95% confidence limits for the height of males in 2.8.4
that locality.

4 Two horses A and B were Tested according to the time (in Co4 1.2.2 U, A
seconds) to run a particular track with the following result:
2.8.4
Horse A: 28 30 32 33 33 29 34

Horse B: 29 30 30 24 27 29

Test whether you can discriminate between the two horses. You
can use the fact that 5% value of t for 11 d. f. is 2.20.

5 For a random sample of 10 pigs, fed the diet A, the increases in Co4 1.2.2 U, A
weight in a certain period were 10, 6, 16, 17, 13, 12, 8, 14, 15, 9
 lbs. 2.8.4

For another random sample of 12 pigs, fed on diet B, the

increases in the same period were 7, 13, 22, 15, 12, 14, 18, 8, 21,
23, 10, 17 lbs.

These whether the diets A and B differ significantly as regards

the effect on increase in weight (or Test whether the mean
increases in the two sample as significantly different). Use the
fact that 5% value of t for 20 d. f. is 2.09.

6 In a certain experiment to compare two types of pig-foods A and Co4 1.2.2 U, A

B, the following result of increase in weights were observed in
pigs: 2.8.4

Pig No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Wt. in kg. Food A 49 53 51 52 47 50 52 53

Wt. in kg. Food B 52 55 52 53 50 54 54 53

(a) Assuming that two samples of pigs are independent can we

conclude that found B is better than food A?
(b) Examine the case when the same set of eight pigs were used
in both the foods.
7 A random sample of size 15 from bivariate normal distribution Co4 1.2.2 U, A
gave a correlation coefficient 𝑟 = 0.5 . Is this indicating the
existence of correlation in the population? 2.8.4

8 A random sample from a company’s very extensive files shows Co4 1.2.2 U, A
that orders for a certain piece of machinery were filled,
respectively, in 10, 12, 19, 14, 15, 18, 11 and 13 days. Use the 2.8.4
level of significance 𝛼 = 0.01 to test the claim that on average
such orders are filled in 10.5 days. Choose the alternative
hypothesis so that rejection of the null hypothesis 𝜇 = 10.5
implies that it takes longer than indicated. Assume normality.

9 Manager of a diet plan advertise that the mean weight loss for Co4 1.2.2 U, A
people on their plan is at least 45 pounds in 6 months. A sample
of 28 people on this plan loses an average of 35 pounds with 2.8.4
standard deviation of 20 pounds. Test at 1% level of significance.

10 It is known that the mean diameters of rivets produced by two Co4 1.2.2 U, A
firms A and B practically the same but their SD may differ. For
22 rivets manufactured by B the SD is 3.8. 2.8.4

Test whether the products of A have the same variability as those

of B.

11 The nicotine contents in two random samples of tobacco are Co4 1.2.2 U,A
given below:
 Sample 1: 21 24 25 26 27 2.8.4
Sample 2: 22 27 28 30 31 36
Can you say that the two samples came from the same
population?

12 The correlation coefficient between income and food expenditure Co4 1.2.2 U,A
for sample of 7 house hold from a low-income group is 0.9.
Using 1% level of significance, Test whether the correlation 2.8.4
coefficient between incomes and food expenditure is positive.
Assume that the population of both variables is normally
distributed.

13 A random sample of fifteen paired observations from a bivariate Co4 1.2.2 U,A
normal population gives a correlation coefficient of -0.5. Dose
this existence of correlation in the sampled population? (Test at 2.8.4
5% level of significance)

14 The mean weight loss of 16n grinding balls after a certain Co4 1.2.2 U,A
length of time in mill slurry is 3.42 grams with a standard
deviation of 0.68 grams. Construct a 99% confidence interval for 2.8.4
the true mean weight loss of such grinding balls under the stated
conditions. (For v = 15, t0.005 = 2.947)

B.T. Level: R: Remembering, U: Understanding, A: Applying, N: Analyzing, E: Evaluating, C: Creating

Date:

Tutorial No: 12

Topic: APPLIED STATISTICS

Sub Topics: Large samples and Small sample

Relevant CO: Apply the statistics for Testing the significance of the given large and small sample
data by using t- Test, F- Test and Chi-square Test

Objectives: 1. Using Chi-square test for goodness of fit.

2. Testing the significance by using F-test.

Sr. CO PI B.T.
Question
No. level

1 The following table showing the number of plants having certain Co4 1.2.2 U, A
characters.
Flat Curled Total 2.8.4
leaves leaves
White flowers 267 27 294
Red flowers 757 155 912
Total 1024 182 1206
2
Use the χ test to access the correctness of the hypothesis that the
flower color is independent of flatness of leaf at 5% level of
significance.

2 The mean life of a sample of 25 fluorescent light bulbs is found as Co4 1.2.2 U, A
1550 hours with a standard deviation of 120 hours. The company
manufacturing the bulbs claims that the average life of their bulbs 2.8.4
is 1600 hours. Is the claim acceptance at 5% level of significance?
The value of t at 5% level of significance and 24 degree of
freedom is 1.711.

3 The mean life time of sample of 100 fluorescent light bulbs Co4 1.2.2 U, A
produced by a company is computed to be 1570 hours with a
standard deviation of 120 hours. The company claims that the 2.8.4
average life of the bulbs produced by it is 1600 hours. Using the
level of significance of 0.05, is the claim acceptable? (1.96).

4 Children having one parent of blood type M and the other type N Co4 1.2.2 U, A
will always be one of the three types M, MN, N and average
proportion of these will be 1 : 2 : 1. Out of 300 children of above 2.8.4
parents, 30% are of group M, 45% of group MN and rest are of
group N. (Use Chi-square test)

5 Test the hypothesis at 5% level of significance that the presence or Co4 1.2.2 U, A
absence of hypertension (HT) is independent of smoking habits
from the following data of 180 persons. 2.8.4
 Non smokers Moderate smokers Heavy smokers

HT 21 36 30

No HT 48 26 19

6 There are two different choices to stimulate a certain chemical Co4 1.2.2 U, A
process. To Test whether the variance of the yield is the same no
matter which catalyst is used. A sample of 10 batches is produced 2.8.4
using the first catalyst and of 11 using the second. If the resulting
data is s12  0.14 and s22  0.28 . Test the hypothesis of equal
variance at 2% level. (F-Test)
7 For the following two independent samples of any problem, Test Co4 1.2.2 U, A

2.8.4
X 15.0 8.0 3.8 6.4 27.4 19.0 35.3 13.6

y 18.8 23.1 10.3 8.0 18.0 10.2 15.2 19.0 20.2

the equality of variance at 10% level of significance.

(Using F-Test)

8 Two random samples gave the following data: Size Mean Co4 1.2.2 U, A
Variance Sample I 8 9.6 1.2 Sample II 11 16.5 2.5 Can we
conclude that the two samples have been drawn from the same 2.8.4
normal population? F0.05, (10,7) = 3.64.
9 12 dice were thrown 4096 times and a throw of 6 was reckoned as Co4 1.2.2 U, A
a success; the observed frequencies were given below:
2.8.4
No. of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 &
successes: above

Frequencies 447 1145 1181 796 380 115 24 8

Find the value of chi-square on the basis of the hypothesis that the
dice were unbiased and hence show that the data are consistent
with the hypothesis so far as the  2  test is concerned. The value
of χ 2 for 7 degrees of freedom at 5% level of significance is
14.067.

10 The following table gives the number of aircraft accidents that Co4 1.2.2 U, A
occurred during the various days of the week. Test whether the
accidents are uniformly distributed over the week: 2.8.4

Days: Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

No. of 14 18 12 11 15 14
accidents
11 Fit a binomial distribution for the following data showing the Co4 1.2.2 U,A
survey of 800 families with 4 children and test the goodness of fit.
2.8.4
No. of boys 0 1 2 3 4

No. of girls 4 3 2 1 0

No. of families 32 178 290 238 64

B.T. Level: R: Remembering, U: Understanding, A: Applying, N: Analyzing, E: Evaluating, C: Creating

Date:

Tutorial No: 13

Topic: Curve fitting by the numerical method

Sub Topics: Least square Method and Fitting of straight lines.

Relevant CO: Understand the fitting of various curves by method of least square

Objectives: 1. Understand Curve fitting by the numerical method.

2. To fit a straight line by method of least square.

Sr. CO PI B.T.
Question
No. level

1 Find the best-fit values of 𝑎 and 𝑏 so that 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 fits the data given Co5 1.2.1 U, A
in the table.

x 0 1 2 3 4

y 1 1.8 3.3 4.5 6.3

2 Apply the method of Least square to fit straight line 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 to the Co5 1.2.1 U, A
following set of observations. Also, estimate the value of 𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 72.

x 65 66 67 67 68 69 71 73

y 67 68 64 68 72 70 69 70

3 Fit a straight-line 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 for the following data: Co5 1.2.1 U, A

x: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

y: 2 6 7 8 10 11 11 10 9

Also Find difference between the actual value of y and the value of y
obtained from the fitted curve in each case when x = 5.

4 In a tensile of a metal bar the following observation were made; where Co5 1.2.1 U, A
x represent the load in tones and y the elongation in thousandth of
millimetres:

x 1 2 3 4 5

y 35 68 100 138 170

Determine a linear relation expressing y in terms of x by the method of

 least squares

5 Explain the method of least squares. Apply the method of Least square Co5 1.2.1 U, A
to fit straight line to the following set of observations

X 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

Y 1.1 1.3 1.6 2 2.7 3.4 4.1

6 Find the best-fit values of a and b so that 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 fits the data given Co5 1.2.1 U, A
in the table

x 0 1 2 3 4
y 1 1.8 1.3 2.5 6.3

7 Apply the method of Least square to fit straight line 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 to the Co5 1.2.1 U, A
following set of observations

x 1 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

y 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.6 2.7 3.4 4.1

8 Apply the method of Least square to fit straight line 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 to the Co5 1.2.1 U, A
following set of observations

x: 0 1 2 3 4

y: 1 1.0 1.3 2.5 6.3

9 The following show the gain in reading speed of 3 students in a speed- Co5 1.2.1 U, A
reading program, and the number of weeks they have been in the
program Fit a straight line by the method of least squares

No. of weeks 3 5 2 8 6 9 3 4

Speed gain 86 118 49 193 164 232 73 109

10 Apply the method of Least square to fit straight line 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 to the Co5 1.2.1 U, A
following set of observations.

x 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

y 40.170 73.193 133.372 243.02

B.T. Level: R: Remembering, U: Understanding, A: Applying, N: Analyzing, E: Evaluating, C: Creating

Date:

Tutorial No: 14

Topic: Curve fitting by the numerical method

Sub Topics: Second degree parabola and more general curves

Relevant CO: Understand the fitting of various curves by method of least square

Objectives: 1. To fit a Second degree parabola by method of least square.

2. To fit general curves by method of least square.

Sr. CO PI B.T.
Question
No. level

1 Find the best-fit values of 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 so that 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 fits the Co5 1.2.1 U, A
data given in the table.

x 1 2 3 4 5
y 35 68 100 138 170
2 Apply the method of Least square to fit the second degree parabola using Co5 1.2.1 U, A
the least square method to the following data. Also, estimate y at x=6.

x 1 2 3 4 5

y 5 12 26 60 97

3 Fit a second degree parabola for the following set of observations Co5 1.2.1 U, A

x: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
y: 2 6 7 8 10 11 11 10 9
Find also difference between the actual value of y and the value of y
obtained from the fitted curve in each case when x = 5.
4 In a tensile of a metal bar the following observation were made; where Co5 1.2.1 U, A
x represent the load in tones and y the elongation in thousandth of
millimetres:

x 0 1 2 3 4
y 1 1.8 3.3 4.5 6.3
Determine a parabolic relation expressing y in terms of x by the method
of least squares.
5 The following are the data on the drying time of a certain varnish and Co5 1.2.1 U, A
the amount of an additive that is intended to reduce the drying time?
 Amount of varnish 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
additive (gm)

Drying time(hr) 12 10.5 10 8 7 8 7.5 8.5 9

(i) Apply the method of Least square to fit a second degree

polynomial by the method of least square.
(ii) Use the result of (i) to predict the drying time of the varnish
when 6.5 gms of the additive is being used.
6 Determine the constants 𝑎 and𝑏 by the least-square method such that Co5 1.2.1 U, A
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 . Fits the following data:

x 0 1 2 3 4
y 1 1.8 1.3 2.5 6.3

7 Apply the method of Least square to fit a function of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 Co5 1.2.1 U, A

x 1 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

y 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.6 2.7 3.4 4.1

8 Apply the method of Least square to fit a function of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 Co5 1.2.1 U, A
to the following data:

x: 0 1 2 3 4

y: 1 1.0 1.3 2.5 6.3

9 Apply the method of Least square to fit a function of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 Co5 1.2.1 U, A

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

y 2 6 7 8 10 11 11 10 9

10 Apply the method of Least square to fit a function of the form 𝑦 = Co5 1.2.1 U, A
𝑎𝑏

x 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

y 40.170 73.193 133.372 243.02

B.T. Level: R: Remembering, U: Understanding, A: Applying, N: Analyzing, E: Evaluating, C: Creating