Class X Chapter-8 – Hydrogen Chloride Chemistry

______________________________________________________________________________

Book Name: Selina Concise

EXERCISE

Question 1:
Draw a labelled diagram for the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas. Give the
balanced equation for the reaction.
Solution 1:
Labelled Diagram for laboratory preparation of Hydrogen chloride is:

Balanced equation: NaCl +H2SO4 <200°C

NaHSO4 + HCl ↑

Question 2:
Name the drying agents:
(a) used in drying hydrogen chloride gas.
(b) phosphorus pentoxide and calcium oxide are good drying agent but they cannot be used to
dry hydrogen chloride gas. Why?
Solution 2:
(a) Hydrogen chloride is dried by passing through conc. Sulphuric acid.
(b) Phosphorous pentoxide and CaO cannot be used to dry HCl because they react with HCl.
2P2O5+ 3HCl → POCl3 + 3HPO3
CaO + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O
Class X Chapter-8 – Hydrogen Chloride Chemistry
______________________________________________________________________________

Question 3:
Explain why:
(a) Anhydrous HCl is poor conductor while aqueous HCl is excellent conductor.
(b) When the stopper of a bottle full of hydrogen chloride gas is opened there are fumes in the
air.
(c) A solution of hydrogen chloride in water turns blue litmus red, and conducts electricity,
while a solution of the same gas in toluene:
(i) has no effect on litmus, and
(ii) does not conduct electricity.
(d) thick white fumes are formed when a glass rod dipped in NH2OH is brought near the
mouth of a bottle full of HCl gas.
(e) dry hydrogen chloride gas does not affect a dry strip of blue litmus paper but it turns red in
the presence of a drop of water.
(f) hydrogen chloride gas is not collected over water.
Solution 3:
(a) Anhydrous HCl is poor conductor due to the absence of ions in it whereas aqueous HCl is
excellent conductor since it contains ions.
(b) When the stopper is opened HCl gas comes in contact with water vapors of air and gives
white fumes due to the formation of hydrochloric acid.
(c) A solution of HCl in water gives hydronium ions and conducts electricity, but HCl is also
soluble in dry toluene, but in that case it neither (i) turns blue litmus red (ii) nor does
conducts electricity. This indicates the absence of H+ ions in toluene showing thereby
that hydrogen chloride is a covalent compound.
(d) When ammonium hydroxide is brought near the mouth of HCl, dense white fumes are
formed due to the formation of ammonium chloride.
HCl + NH4OH → NH4Cl + H2O
(e) Dry hydrogen chloride is not acidic whereas moist Hydrogen chloride is acidic. In
presence of a drop of water HCl gas dissolves in water and forms hydrochloric acid which
turns blue litmus paper red.
(f) Hydrogen chloride is not collected over water as it is highly soluble in water.
Class X Chapter-8 – Hydrogen Chloride Chemistry
______________________________________________________________________________

Question 4:
Write the main difference in hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid.
Solution 4:
Difference between Hydrogen chloride gas and Hydrochloric acid is:
Hydrogen chloride gas Hydrochloric acid

1. Dry hydrogen chloride gas does not

1. Being acidic it turns blue litmus red.
turn blue litmus red due to non-
2. Hydrochloric acid is a good
acidic character.
conductor of electricity.
2. Hydrogen chloride gas does not
conduct electricity.

Question 5:
The given set up in the figure is for the preparation of an acid.
(a) Name the acid prepared by this method.

(b) name the reactants used.

(c) why empty flask is used
(d) what is the drying agent used? Why is this drying agent chosen?
(e) what is the role of inverted funnel in the arrangement
Solution 5:
Hydrochloric acid is prepared by this method.
(a) The reactants are sodium chloride and Sulphuric acid.
(b) The empty flask acts as Anti-Suction device. In case the back suction occurs the water
will collect in it and will not reach the generating flask.
(c) The drying agent is Conc. Sulphuric acid. Sulphuric acid is chosen as drying agent
because it does not react with HCl.
(d) The Inverted funnel :
Prevents or minimizes back suction of water.
Provides a large surface area for absorption of HCl gas.
Class X Chapter-8 – Hydrogen Chloride Chemistry
______________________________________________________________________________

Question 6:
Write an equation for the reactions of aqueous hydrochloric acid on:
(a) silver nitrate solution (b) magnesium foil
(c) caustic soda solution (d) zinc carbonate
(e) lead nitrate solution (f) copper oxide
Solution 6:
Equations are:
(a) AgNO3 + HCl → AgCl + HNO3
(b) Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
(c) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
(d) ZnCO3 +2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2O +CO2
(e) Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl → PbCl2 + 2HNO3
(f) CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O

Question 7:
(a) Name an element which reacts with hydrogen to form a compound which is strongly acidic
in water.
(b) Explain why dilute hydrochloric acid cannot be concentrated by boiling beyond 22.2%.
Solution 7:
(c) Chlorine.
The compound formed which is strongly acidic in water, is HCl.
H2 + Cl2  2HCl
(d) A dilute aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid gets gradually concentrated on distillation,
till the concentration of the acid reaches 22.2% HCl by weight which boils at 110 0C. When
this concentration is reached, no further increase in concentration of the acid becomes
possible by boiling. This is because vapours evolved before 1100C are vapours of water
but at temperature above 1100C vapours consist mostly of molecules of HCl.

Question 8:
Hydrochloric acid contains (i) hydrogen (ii) chlorine. Prove it. Write equations for the reactions.
Solution 8:
We can prove that hydrochloric acid contains both hydrogen and chlorine by the following
experiment.
Take a voltameter used for electrolysis of water, fitted with platinum cathode and graphite
anode. Into the voltameter pour 4 molar HCl and pass direct current.
Class X Chapter-8 – Hydrogen Chloride Chemistry
______________________________________________________________________________

It is seen that a colourless gas is evolved at cathode and a greenish gas is evolved at anode.
When a burning splinter is brought near a colourless gas, it bursts into flame thereby proving
that it is hydrogen gas.
When moist starch iodide paper is held in the greenish yellow gas, it turns blue black, thereby
proving that the gas is chlorine.
2HCl  H2 + Cl2
This experiment proves that hydrochloric acid contains both hydrogen and chlorine.

Question 9:
Name:
(a) black metallic oxide which reacts with hydrochloric acid to give a coloured solution.
(b) two colourless gases, which when mixed produce a white solid.
(c) two gases which chemically combine to form a liquid
(d) a chloride which is solube in excess of ammonium hydroxide
(e) the chemical in which gold can be dissolved
(f) the experiment which demonstrates that hydrogen chloride is soluble in water.
(g) the gas produced when chlorine water is exposed to sunlight
Solution 9:
(a) Manganese dioxide
(b) Hydrogen chloride and ammonia
(c) Hydrogen and oxygen
(d) AgCl(Silver chloride)
(e) Aqua regia
(f) Fountain experiment
(g) Hydrogen chloride gas

Question 10:
Give reasons for the following:
(a) An aqueous solution of chlorine in acidic in nature Hint : Cl2 + H2O ⟶ HCl +HClO

(b) silver nitrate solution can be used to distinguish HCl from HNO3
Solution 10:
(a) An aqueous solution of chlorine is acidic as it dissolves in water to form hydrochloric and
hypochlorous acids.
Class X Chapter-8 – Hydrogen Chloride Chemistry
______________________________________________________________________________

(b) Silver nitrate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form thick curdy white ppt. of silver
chloride whereas silver nitrate does not react with nitric acid.
AgNO3 + HCl  AgCl + HNO3
(White ppt.)

Question 11:
Solution A reacts with an acid B (which gives greenish yellow gas on reacting with oxidizing
agents like Pb3O4 to give white precipitate C insoluble in nitric acid but soluble in ammonium
hydroxide. Name A, B and C.
Solution 11:
A is Silver nitrate
B is Hydrochloric acid
C is Silver chloride

Question 12:
Complete the following reactions and balance them.
(a) NH4OH + HCl ⟶
(b) NaHSO3 + HCl ⟶
(c) Pb(NO3)2 +HCl ⟶
(d) Pb3O4 + HCl ⟶
(e) Zn+ 2HCl ⟶

(f) Ca(HCO3)2 + 2HCl 

Solution 12:
(f) NH4OH + HCl ⟶ NH4Cl + H2O
(g) NaHSO3 + HCl ⟶ NaCl + H2O + SO2
(h) Pb(NO3)2 +2HCl ⟶ PbCl2 +2HNO3
(i) Pb3O4 + 8HCl ⟶ 3PbCl 2 +4H2O +Cl2
(j) Zn+ 2HCl ⟶ ZnCl 2 + H2
(k) Ca(HCO3)2 + 2HCl ⟶ CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2CO2
Class X Chapter-8 – Hydrogen Chloride Chemistry
______________________________________________________________________________

Question 13:
How will the action of dilute hydrochloric acid enable you to distinguish between the following:
(a) Sodium carbonate and sodium sulphite
(b) sodium thiosulphate and sodium sulphite
Solution 13:
a. Sodium carbonate on treating with dil. HCl results in the formation of sodium chloride
with the liberation of carbon dioxide gas.
Na2CO3 + 2HCl ⟶ 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 ↑

Sodium sulphite on treating with dil. HCl results in the formation of sodium chloride with
the liberation of sulphur dioxide gas.
Na2SO3 + 2HCl ⟶ 2NaCl + H2O + SO2 ↑

b. Sodium thiosulphate reacts with dil. HCl to produce sulphur dioxide gas and precipitates
yellow sulphur.
Na2S2O3 + 2HCl ⟶ 2NaCl + H2O + SO2 + S ↓

Sulphur is not precipitated when sulphites are treated with dil. HCl.

Question 14:
Give three distinct test [apart from using an indicator] you would carry out with solution of
HCl to illustrate the typical properties of an acid.
Solution 14:
Three tests are:
HCl gas gives thick white fumes of ammonium chloride when glass rod dipped in ammonia
solution is held near the vapours of the acid.
NH3 + HCl ⟶ NH4Cl

With silver nitrate HCl gives white precipitate of silver chloride. The precipitate is insoluble in
nitric acid but soluble in ammonium hydroxide.
AgNO3 + HCl ⟶ AgCl + HNO3

A greenish yellow gas is liberated when concentrated hydrochloric acid is heated with
oxidizing agent like manganese dioxide.
MnO2 + 4HCl ⟶ MnCl2 +2H2O + Cl2

Question 15:
MnO2, PbO2 and red lead react with conc. HCl acid liberates Cl2.
What is the common property being shown by these metal oxides?
Solution 15:
MnO2, PbO2 and red lead react with conc. HCl acid to liberate Cl2. This shows that
hydrochloric acid is oxidized to chlorine by oxidizing agents.
Class X Chapter-8 – Hydrogen Chloride Chemistry
______________________________________________________________________________

Question 16:
Giving reasons state which of the two- a solution of HCl in water or in toluene is an electrolyte.
Solution 16:
HCl dissolves both in water and toluene, when HCl dissolves in water it ionizes and forms
hydronium and chloride ions. Whereas this ionization is not observed in toluene hence a
solution of HCl in water can be used as an electrolyte.

Question 17:
Convert two soluble metallic nitrates to insoluble metallic chlorides using dil. HCl.
Solution 17:
Conversion of metallic nitrates to insoluble metallic chlorides using dil. HCl:
(i) Pb(NO 3 ) 2  2HCI PbCI 2 PbCI 2 2HNO3
(ii) Hg (NO )  2HCI HgCI  2HNO
2 3 2 2 2 3

Question 18:
State the composition of aqua regia. State which component is the oxidizing agent in aqua regia.
Solution 18:
A mixture having three parts of conc. Hydrochloric acid and one part of conc. Nitric acid is
called aqua-regia.
Nitric acid acts as oxidizing agent.

Question 19:
Convert hydrochloric acid to nascent chlorine.
Solution 19:
Hydrochloric acid can be converted to nascent chlorine by:
3HCI  HNO3  NOCI  2H2 O  2CI
Conc Conc Nascent chlorine
Class X Chapter-8 – Hydrogen Chloride Chemistry
______________________________________________________________________________

Question 20:
Study the flow chart and give balanced equations with conditions for the conversions A, B, C
and D.

Solution 20:
<200°C
NaCl + H2SO4 NaHSO4 + HCl
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
HCl + NH3 NH4Cl
PbO2 + 4HCl PbCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2

Question (2004) 21:

A solution of hydrogen chloride in water is prepared. The following substances are added to
separate portions of the solution:

Sl. No. Substances added Gas evolved Odour

1 Calcium carbonate
2 Magnesium ribbon
Manganese(IV) oxide with
3
heating
4 Sodium sulphide
Complete the table by writing the gas evolved in each case and its odour.
Solution (2004) 21:
Sl. No. Substances added Gas evolved Odour
1 Calcium carbonate Carbon dioxide Odourless
2 Magnesium ribbon Hydrogen Odourless
Manganese(IV) oxide with Strong Pungent
3 Cl2
heating odour
4 Sodium sulphide Hydrogen sulphide Rotten egg
Class X Chapter-8 – Hydrogen Chloride Chemistry
______________________________________________________________________________

Question (2005) 22:

(a) Write balanced equations.
(i) copper oxide and dilute hydrochloric acid.
(ii) Manganese (iv) oxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid.
(b) (i) Name the experiment illustrated below.

(ii) Which property of hydrogen chloride is demonstrated by this experiment?

(iii) State the colour of the water that has entered the round bottomed flask.
Solution (2005) 22:
(a)
(i) CuO +2HCl ⟶ CuCl2 + H2O (ii)MnO2+ 4HCl ⟶ MnCl2 +2H2O +Cl2

(b)
(i) The experiment is called Fountain Experiment.
(ii) This experiment shows that hydrogen chloride is highly soluble in water.
(iii) Red

Question (2007) 23:

Write balanced equations for the reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with each of the following:
(a) iron
(b) sodium hydrogencarbonate,
(c) iron (II) sulphide
(d) sodium sulphite
(e) sodium thiosulphate solution
Solution (2007) 23:
(i) Fe +2HCl ⟶ FeCl2 +H2
(ii) NaHCO3 + HCl ⟶ NaCl + H2O + CO2
(iii) FeS + 2HCl ⟶ FeCl 2 + H2S
Class X Chapter-8 – Hydrogen Chloride Chemistry
______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) Na2SO3 +2HCl ⟶ 2NaCl + H2O +SO2
(v) Na2S2O3 + 2HCl ⟶ 2NaCl + H2O + SO2 +S

Question (2008) 24:

What property of hydrogen chloride is demonstrated when it is collected by downward
delivery (upward displacement)?
Solution (2008) 24:
When hydrogen chloride is collected by downward delivery or upward displacement, it shows
that it is heavier than air.

Question (2008) 25:

Why is hydrogen chloride not collected over water?
Solution (2008) 25:
Hydrogen chloride is not collected over water as it is soluble in water.

Question (2008) 26:

Write the equations for the following reactions:
(a) Dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate,
(b) Dilute hydrochloric acid and lead nitrate solution.
Solution (2008) 26:
(i) Na2S2O3 + 2HCl ⟶ 2NaCl + H2O + SO2 + S
(ii) Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl ⟶ PbCl2 +2HNO3