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Name:
Week 9 Learning Activity
1. Match the immunological diagnostic test with its description:
___precipitation reaction A. A reaction that uses the absence of hemolysis of red blood cells to
indicate an antibody-antigen reaction

___agglutination reaction B. A reaction between an antibody and soluble antigen, forming larger,
interlocking molecular lattices

___complement fixation C. A test in which the clumping of test red blood cells indicates a
negative result (no antibodies against the virus in the patient’s serum)

___neutralization reaction D. A reaction between antibody and particulate antigen

2. Match each fluorescent antibody technique with its description:

___direct fluorescent antibody A. used to detect antibodies for a particular disease from a patient’s
serum sample

___flow cytometry B. used to label pathogens from patients’ samples with fluorogen-
antibody conjugates for detection

___FACS C. used to separate cells into subpopulations via a device that adds
charges to fluid droplets

___indirect fluorescent D. used to count cells that have been labeled with fluorogen-antibody
antibody conjugate markers, using a laser

3. Match the descriptions with the components shown in the figure.

___ the component that came from the patient

___ the component that is the substrate for the enzyme in the assay

4. The figure in question 3 represents a (DIRECT or INDIRECT)

ELISA test with a (POSITIVE or NEGATIVE) result.
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4. When does an antibody test result in a false positive?

A. An individual B. An individual C. Antibodies bind D. Variations in E. All of these

tests as though tests as though to the antigen antibodies scenarios
they do not they have the too strongly, cause them to would result in
have the antigen even causing an fail to bind to a false positive.
antigen even though they do error in the an antigen that
though they not. testing is present.
do. protocol.

5. Study the Antibody Titer data and answer the Day 1 Day 7 Day 14 Day 21
related questions. Patient A 0 0 256 512
Patient B 128 256 512 1024
Patient C 0 0 0 0
Patient D 128 128 128 128

Q5.1 Based on the data, which TWO patients probably have the disease?

Q5.2 Which individual patient is most likely protected from the disease, as observed by the test results over
time?

Q5.3 Which individual patient showed seroconversion during these observations?

Q5.4. What is the most likely and reasonable explanation for the results observed in Patient C?

A. The patient B. The patient C. The lab D. The patient E. The patient is
has advanced was not technician did has producing a
HIV/AIDS, exposed to the not perform significantly protective
with no ability pathogen and the antibody stronger adaptive
to make an has not titer test innate immune
immune become properly. immunity response that
response infected, so no than adaptive does not
response is immunity involve
being mechanisms. antibodies.
produced over
time.

Q5.5. If the table continued on to another week of testing, which outcome below would you NOT expect to
see for Patient B at Day 28?

A. drop to zero B. antibody titer C. antibody titer D. antibody titer E. antibody titer
antibody titer rising slightly leveling off starting to doubling from
decrease previous week
slightly
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6. Why are monoclonal antibodies ideal for use in diagnostic tests and disease treatments? Select all that
apply.

A. they recognize B. they are highly C. they are not D. they can be E. they recognize
a mixture of specific made in living produced in the same
antigens systems large antigen
quantities

7. Match the type of vaccine with the correct description.

___attenuated A. purified protein or polysaccharide from a pathogen

___nucleic acid B. involves host synthesis of viral antigens

___subunit C. pathogen is treated so that it cannot replicate

___inactivated D. weakened pathogen that can still replicate

8. Which type of vaccine mentioned in question 7 has the risk of actually causing an infection?

9. In an immunodiffusion test to diagnose the fungal disease histoplasmosis, a patient’s serum is placed in a
well in an agar plate. In a positive test, a precipitate forms as the serum diffuses from the well and meets
material diffusing from a second well.
In this test process, what is the most likely identity of the material in the second well?

A. antibodies B. a purified C. entire fungal D. a purified E. red blood cells

fungal antigen cells protozoan
antigen

10. Which of the following are subunit vaccines? Select all of the options.

A. VLPs B. conjugated C. toxoid D. recombinant E. polysaccharide

11. In an agglutination test, eight serial dilutions to determine antibody titer were set up. Tube #1
contained a 1:2 dilution; tube #2, a 1:4, etc. If the dilution factors were doubled every time, and tube 6
was the last tube showing agglutination, what is the antibody titer?

A. 12 B. 1:6 C. 64 D. 1:64 E. 32

12. Which of the following are used in vaccines? Select all that apply.

A. antibiotics B. inactivated C. parts of D. toxoids E. antibodies

viruses bacterial cells
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13. Mark the following statements as T (true) or F (false).

___A test with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity means that the test detects 90% of true positive samples
and has 5% false positive results.

___In vaccines, the term “attenuated” means that the agent does NOT replicate.

___Adjuvants such as aluminum salts are used in vaccines to directly produce highly-specific immune
responses.

___Blood typing tests are examples of hemagglutination reactions.

___A positive complement-fixation test is indicated by the lysis of the sheep red blood cells added.

___At-home Covid tests are an example of a direct ELISA.

___In direct ELISA testing, a patient’s sample is added to a well with immobilized antibodies already present
in its base.

14. When producing monoclonal antibodies, the use of __________ is critical after fusion to specifically
allow only hybrid cells to grow.

A. selective B. neutralizing C. enzymatically- D. fluorescently- E. complement

medium antibodies labeled labeled
antibodies antibodies

15. In a lateral flow pregnancy test, you see a blue band form on the control line and no band form on the
test line. This is probably a __________ test for pregnancy.

A. positive B. false-positive C. false-negative D. negative E. Not enough

information to
determine.

16. Viral hemagglutination assays only work with certain types of viruses because

A. the virus must B. the virus must C. the virus must D. the virus must E. other viruses
be able to be able to be able to lyse not be able to are too
cross-link infect RBCs. RBCs. lyse RBCs. dangerous to
RBCs. work with in a
clinical lab
setting.