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Circular Motion Worksheet with Problems

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89 views3 pages

Circular Motion Worksheet with Problems

Uploaded by

rizwansiddiqui1970
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Worksheet Circular Motion

Data needed to answer questions can be found in the Data, formulae and relationships sheet.
1 Convert the following angles into radians.
a 30° [1]
b 210° [1]
c 0.05° [1]
2 Convert the following angles from radians into degrees.
a 1.0 rad [1]
b 4.0 rad [1]
c 0.15 rad [1]
3 The planet Mercury takes 88 days to orbit once round the Sun.
Calculate its angular displacement in radians during a time interval of:
a 44 days [1]
b 1 day. [1]
4 In each case below, state what provides the centripetal force on the object.
a A car travels at a high speed round a sharp corner. [1]
b A planet orbits the Sun. [1]
c An electron orbits the positive nucleus of an atom. [1]
d Clothes spin round in the drum of a washing machine. [1]
5 An aeroplane is circling in the sky at a speed of 150 m s−1.
The aeroplane describes a circle of radius 20 km.
For a passenger of mass 80 kg inside this aeroplane, calculate:
a her angular velocity [2]
b her centripetal acceleration [3]
c the centripetal force acting on her. [2]
6 The diagram shows a stone tied to the end of a length of string.
It is whirled round in a horizontal circle of radius 80 cm.

The stone has a mass of 90 g and it completes 10 revolutions in a time of 8.2 s.


a Calculate:
i the time taken for one revolution [1]
ii the distance travelled by the stone during one revolution (this distance is equal to the
circumference of the circle) [1]
iii the speed of the stone as it travels in the circle [2]
iv the centripetal acceleration of the stone [3]
v the centripetal force on the stone. [2]
b What provides the centripetal force on the stone? [1]
c What is the angle between the acceleration of the stone and its velocity? [1]

1
7 A lump of clay of mass 300 g is placed
close to the edge of a spinning turntable.
The centre of mass of the lump of clay travels
in a circle of radius 12 cm.

a The lump of clay takes 1.6 s to complete one revolution.


i Calculate the rotational speed of the clay. [2]
ii Calculate the frictional force between the clay and the turntable. [3]
b The maximum magnitude of the frictional force F between the clay and the turntable is
70% of the weight of the clay. The speed of rotation of clay is slowly increased.
Determine the speed of the clay when it just starts to slip off the turntable. [4]
8 The diagram shows a skateboarder of mass 70 kg who drops through a vertical height
of 5.2 m.

The dip has a radius of curvature of 16 m.


a Assuming no energy losses due to air resistance or friction, calculate the speed of the
skateboarder at the bottom of the dip at point B.
You may assume that the speed of the skateboarder at point A is zero. [2]
b i Calculate the centripetal acceleration of the skateboarder at point B. [3]
ii Calculate the contact force R acting on the skateboarder at point B. [3]
9 A car of mass 820 kg travels at a constant speed
of 32 m s−1 along a banked track.
The track is banked at an angle of 20°
to the horizontal.

a The net vertical force on the car is zero.


Use this to show that the contact force R on the car is 8.56 kN. [2]
b Use the answer from a to calculate the radius of the circle described by the car. [4]

2
10 A stone of mass 120 g is fixed to one end of a light rigid rod.

The stone is whirled at a constant speed of 4.0 m s−1 in a vertical circle of radius 80 cm.
tension in the rod at A
Calculate the ratio: [6]
tension in the rod at B

Total: Score: %
59

Common questions

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Using conservation of energy, the potential energy at the top (mgh) converts to kinetic energy at the bottom (1/2 mv^2). For a height of 5.2 m, use v = √(2gh) = √(2 × 9.8 m/s² × 5.2 m) = 10.1 m/s .

At the top, tension T_top = mg - mv²/r, and at the bottom, T_bottom = mg + mv²/r. The difference arises due to the direction of centripetal force relative to gravity .

The centripetal force when a car travels around a sharp corner is provided by the frictional force between the tires and the road . This force prevents the car from skidding outward, enabling it to follow a curved path.

The centripetal acceleration a_c at the lowest point is calculated using a_c = v²/r, where v is the speed at the bottom of the dip (10.1 m/s) and r is the radius (16 m), yielding a_c = (10.1 m/s)² / 16 m = 6.38 m/s² .

To convert degrees to radians, use the formula radians = degrees × (π/180). Thus, for 30°, the conversion is: 30 × (π/180) = π/6 radians .

The centripetal acceleration a_c is given by the formula a_c = v^2/r, where v is the speed and r is the radius of the circle. This relationship shows that centripetal acceleration is directly proportional to the square of the speed and inversely proportional to the radius .

The angular velocity ω can be calculated using the formula ω = v/r, where v is the velocity and r is the radius. Here, ω = 150 m/s / (20,000 m) = 0.0075 rad/s .

Using R cos(θ) = mg and R sin(θ) = mv²/r, solve these for r: r = v² /(g tan(θ)). Given R = 8.56 kN, use the trigonometric relations to compute v and r following the provided setup .

To determine the speed, use the formula for frictional force F_f = μmg, where μ = 0.7, m = 0.3 kg, and g = 9.8 m/s². The maximum friction F_f is 0.7 × 0.3 kg × 9.8 m/s² = 2.058 N. Using F_f = m × v²/r, solve for v: v = √(F_f × r/m) = √(2.058 N × 0.12 m/0.3 kg) = 2.91 m/s .

On a banked curve, the net vertical force is zero, so the vertical component of the contact force balances the car's weight. The horizontal component provides the centripetal force required for circular motion, which is R sin(θ) = mv²/r where θ is the banking angle .

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