COMPRESSOR
ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2; MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Instructor: MR. DENNIS GANAS
Submitted by: LASTIMOSA, ARIANNA P
A Compressor is a mechanical device that operates and is used to reduce the
volume of a gas in order to increase its pressure. Often referred to as the "heart of
the cooling system," the compressor is the primary part of air conditioning system,
pneumatic tools, industrial processes, and simple refrigeration systems. It functions
as a pump to regulate the refrigerant's flow. The compressor works on the basic
principle of drawing in low-pressure, low-temperature refrigerant vapor from the
evaporator and compressing it to high-temperature, high-pressure vapor.
Consequently, the compression ratio that is, the ratio of gas pressure at the
compressor outlet (discharge side) to the pressure at the input (suction
side)becomes the distinctive theoretical parameter for compressors.
The compression process varies depending on the compressor's type and design.
Function Principle
- In order for a compressor to function, gas must be drawn into a chamber
where its volume is decreased and pressure is raised. After that, the
compressed gas is released for utilization in a pipeline or storage tank.
Usually, internal combustion engines, steam turbines, or electric motors supply
the power needed to run compressors.
Classification of Compressors according to the principle of operation
1. positive displacement compressors
- Reciprocating Compressors
Reciprocating compressors supply high-pressure gas or air through pistons
that are turned by a crankshaft. They are often used in small and
medium-sized businesses.
- Rotary Compressors
Rotary compressors are more compact and efficient screw and vane
compressors are types of rotary compressors. Continuous, high-pressure
applications are a popular use for these compressors.
2. Dynamic Compressors
- Centrifugal Compressors
Compressors with centrifugation A revolving impeller in a centrifugal
compressor accelerates air or gas, which is subsequently slowed down in a
diffuser to raise pressure. They are frequently utilized in large volume
industrial facilities and are perfect for huge gas quantities.
- Axial Compressors
These compressors, which are frequently found in gas turbines and jet
engines, are made for high-volume, high-speed applications application.
Application of Compressors
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning: used to circulate refrigerants in cooling
systems.
Pneumatic Tools: provide compressed air to power tools like drills, hammers, and
wrenches.
Gas Transmission: used to transport natural gas through pipelines over long
distances.
Manufacturing: utilized in processes such as welding, cutting, and spray painting.
Compressors are essential components of many industrial and commercial
operations because they make sure systems that use pressurized gases run
smoothly. Choosing the right compressor for a given task requires an understanding
of their types, principles of operation, and applications.