Scribd
Upload
385 views4 pages

Important Questions in Analytical Geometry

Uploaded by

didlavikas764
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
385 views4 pages

Important Questions in Analytical Geometry

Uploaded by

didlavikas764
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

IMPORTANT QUESTINS

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
1. u = 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 show that 𝑢𝑥 + 𝑢𝑦 + 𝑢𝑧 =0
1 1 1
𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒛
2. If z (x +y) = x2 + y2 show that (𝝏𝒙 - 𝝏𝒚)2 = 4 (1 - 𝝏𝒙 - 𝝏𝒚).

𝝏𝟐 𝒖 𝝏𝟐 𝒖 𝟏
3. If u = f(r) where r =√𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 Prove that 𝜕𝑥 2 + 𝜕𝑦 2 =fII(r) + 𝒓 fI(r).

cos x sin x u u u v
4. If tan u = & tanh v = show that = & =−
sinh y cosh y x y y x

 2u  2u  2u
5. If u = log x 2 + y 2 + z 2 Pove that ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )( + + ) =1
x 2 y 2 z 2

6. State and prove Euler’s theorem on

(a) Homogeneous Functions

x2 + y 2 u u
(b). u = sin −1 ( ). ShowThat x + y = tan u
x+ y x y

7. If Z = f(x,y) is a homogeneous function of x , y of degree n, then prove that

2 z 2 z 2  z
2
x2 + 2 xy + y = n(n − 1) z
x 2 xy y 2

x3 + y 3
8. u = Tan −1 ( ) , x  y Show that
x− y
u u
i) x +y = sin 2u
x y
 2u  2u 2  u
2
ii ) x 2 + 2 xy + y = (1 − 4sin 2 u )sin 2u
x 2 xy y 2
y z z
[Link] z = xyf ( ). Show that x + y = 2 z and if z is cons tan t then
x x y
y dy
f 1( ) x( y + x )
x = dx
y dy
f( ) y( y − x )
x dx

x y
[Link] u = sin −1 ( ) + tan −1 ( ), then show that
y x
u u
x + y =0
x y
d2 y
11. If x5 + y 5 = 5a 3 xy then find
dx 2

d2 y
[Link] x + y = 4a xy then find 2
4 4 2

dx

13. State and prove Taylor’s theorem for a function of two variables.


[Link] Sin( xy) in power of ( x − 1) and ( y − )
2

a3 a3
[Link] the min imum value of u = xy + + is3a 2
x y

16. Discuss the minimum or maximum values of u when u = x 3 +y3 – 3axy.

17. Discuss the minimum or maximum values of u given by

u = x3 y2(1 – x – y).

18. Find the maxima and minima of x2 + y2 + z2 subject to the condition ax2 + by2 + cz2 =1 and

lx+my+nz =0

19. Find the maximum of x2 + y2 + z2 subject to the condition ax + by + cz =p


20. Find the value of the greatest rectangular paralleopiped inscribed in the ellipsoid whose
equation is

x2 y 2 z 2
+ + =1
a 2 b2 c2
2 2 2
21. Find the radius of curvature of the curve 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 𝑎3 at any point (x , y) on it.

22. Show that the radius of curvature at any point on the astriod x = a 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝛳 y = a 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝛳 is

equal to three times the length of the perpendicular from the origin to the tangent.

23. Find the radius of curvature at any point on the parabola 𝑦 2 = 4ax. If 𝜌1 , 𝜌2 are the

radii of curvatures at the extremities of a focal chord of the parabola, then show that
−2 −2 −2
(𝜌1 ) 3 +(𝜌2 ) 3 = (2a) 3

24. Show that the radii of curvature of the curves r = a𝛳 and r𝛳 = a at their point of

intersection are in the ratio 1: 3.


𝑙
25. Find the radius of curvature of the curve r = at 𝜃 = 𝜋
1+𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

26. Find the Centre and Circle of curvature at P(at2, 2at) on the parabola y2 = 4ax.

27. Find the radius of curvature at the origin of the curve

x3 – 2x2y +3xy2 – 4y3 + 5x2 -6xy + 7y2 – 8y =0.

28. Show that the evolute of x = acos, y= b sin𝛳 is (ax)2/3 + (by)2/3 = (a2 – b2)2\3.

29. Find the envelope of the straight lines x cost + ysint = a + a cost logtant/2.

30. Find the envelope of the x cos n𝛼 + y sinn𝛼 = c, where 𝛼 is a parameter.


2 2 2
31. Find the length of the astroid 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 𝑎3 .
32. Find the perimeter of the cardioid r = a (1 - cos𝛳).

33. Prove that the cardioid r = a (1 +cos𝛳) is divided by the 4rcos𝛳=3a into two parts
such that the lengths of the arcs on either side of this line are equal.

34. Find the volume of the solid generated by the revolution of the tractrix
1 𝑡
x = a cost + 2 a log tan22 , y = a sint about its asymptote.

35. Find the volume of the solid generated by the revolving the cardioide r = a (1 +cos𝛳)

about the initial line.


𝑥
36. Find the surface generated by the revolution of an arc of the catenary y = a cosh 𝑐
about the X – axis.

37. Evaluate the surface area of the solid generated by revolving the cycloid

x = a (𝛳 – sin𝛳) , y = a ( 1 – cos𝛳) about the line y = 0.

38. State and prove the Pappus Theorem .

Common questions

Powered by AI

Euler's theorem states that for a homogeneous function f(x, y, z) of degree n, the following relation holds: x(∂f/∂x) + y(∂f/∂y) + z(∂f/∂z) = n * f(x, y, z). This theorem simplifies finding gradients and solving differential equations involving homogeneous functions by transforming them into parameterized forms, emphasizing the function's scaling properties. The proof involves applying the definition of homogeneous functions and leveraging partial derivatives to demonstrate scaling behavior.

The radius of curvature for a given parametric curve can be found using the formula ρ = [(dx/dθ)² + (dy/dθ)²]^(3/2) / |d²y/dθ² dx/dθ - d²x/dθ² dy/dθ| for a curve parameterized by θ. This method involves deriving expressions for the first and second derivatives of x and y with respect to θ and plugging them into the curvature formula . Differences in curves necessitate specific approaches; for example, curves in polar coordinates may allow direct use of specialized polar curvature formulas, while Cartesian forms may require conversion or direct differentiation.

To find the maximum and minimum values of u = x³ + y³ - 3axy, we must compute the first partial derivatives with respect to x and y, set them to zero, and solve the resulting system of equations. The critical points obtained give candidates for local minima or maxima, determined using second derivative tests or examining the Hessian matrix . If the Hessian at a critical point is positive definite, the point is a local minimum; if it is negative definite, it is a local maximum. Degenerate cases require further analysis, including boundary evaluation.

Taylor's theorem for a function f(x, y) involving two variables allows us to approximate the function around a point (a, b) using partial derivatives. The theorem can be expressed as f(x, y) ≈ f(a, b) + (x-a)fₓ(a, b) + (y-b)fᵧ(a, b) + higher-order terms . This expansion helps in understanding the local behavior of the function and is especially useful in optimization and solving differential equations in multivariable analysis. By considering higher-order terms, the approximation becomes more accurate, capturing the curvature of the function's surface.

You might also like