Module 3
Review of Matrices,
Operations, Vectors,
Determinants, Ranks
M3: Review of Matrices, Operations,
Vectors, Determinants, Ranks
L3.1: Matrices and Vectors
Learning Outcomes
• Recognize the concept of matrices and vectors
• Discuss Vector Operations
What is a vector?
-a measurement use to describe a physical quantity through its magnitude and
direction. Examples are displacement, velocity, and force.
Magnitude: 20 mph
Vehicle is traveling at 20 mph due north
Direction: north or 90 degrees
-it can be represented graphically by a directed line segment…
…and can be represented by a letter in boldface or with an arrow at the top
𝐀
՜ A A Magnitude of a vector
𝐀
Vector
Vector Representation in Cartesian Plane
-vector can be represented in Cartesian plane by considering its component along
the x and y directions. In 3D space, a z direction is added.
-in other cases, the three unit vectors (with magnitude of one) i, j, and k are used
to denote x, y, and z, direction respectively.
Let’s proceed to operations of Vectors
Addition of Vectors
-adding two vectors A and B is another term of finding the sum or resultant R of
the two vectors. This operation can be done by graphical solution or analytical
solution.
- for graphical solution, start by drawing vector A, then draw the other vector (say
B) by starting at the tail of vector A. To find the resultant vector R, draw a directed
line segment starting at the tail of vector A towards the head of vector B. Repeat
this process for two or more vectors.
Addition of Vectors
- for analytical solution, add all components for each unit vectors i, j, and k or x, y,
and z. For vectors represented by angles with respect to these axes, do
trigonometric manipulation.
Addition of Vectors
- vector addition is commutative.
𝐀+𝐁=𝐁+𝐀
- vector addition is associative.
𝐀 + 𝐁 + 𝐂 = 𝐀 + (𝐁 + 𝐂)
Multiplication of Vectors
1. Scalar Multiplication – Dot Product
-multiplying two vectors A and B whose product is a scalar quantity.
𝐀 ∙ 𝑩 = A B 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
Example:
A force of 100 N is used to pull a cart at an angle of 30 degrees with respect to the
horizontal at a distance of 3 m. Calculate the work.
Multiplication of Vectors
1. Scalar Multiplication – Dot Product
-in terms of unit vectors i, j, and k…
𝐀 ∙ 𝐁 = (A1 𝐢 + A2 𝐣 + A3 𝐤) ∙ (B1 𝐢 + B2 𝐣 + B3 𝐤)
𝐀 ∙ 𝐁 = A1 B1 + A2 B2 + A3 B3
-solving for the included angle…
A1 B1 + A2 B2 + A3 B3
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛉 =
A B
Multiplication of Vectors
1. Scalar Multiplication – Dot Product
Example:
Find the angle between two vectors A = 2i + j +3k and B = -4i - j + 5k.
A1 B1 + A2 B2 + A3 B3
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛉 =
A B
Multiplication of Vectors
1. Scalar Multiplication – Dot Product
-scalar multiplication is commutative.
𝐀∙𝐁=𝐁∙𝐀
-scalar multiplication is distributive.
𝐀∙ 𝐁+𝐂 =𝐀∙𝐁+𝐀∙𝐂
Multiplication of Vectors
2. Vector Multiplication – Cross Product
-multiplying two vectors A and B whose product is a Vector quantity.
Magnitude: 𝐀 × 𝐁 = A B 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
Direction: -using the right hand rule system.
-with this, we can say that cross product is not commutative.
𝐀 × 𝐁 = −𝐁 × 𝐀
Multiplication of Vectors
2. Vector Multiplication – Cross Product
-cross product can also be applied for unit vectors…
Example:
-Find the vector product of 2i – j and j – 3k?
What are Matrices
-an array of numbers arranged in rows and columns wherein each unit has its own
corresponding address. Matrices are named by the number of rows and columns.
The size of matrices are also equal to the number of rows and columns.
Matrices applied in Vectors
-a vector can be represented by matrices…
And we know that for those who love God all things
work together for good, for those who are called
according to His purpose.
Psalm 34:4–5,8
God Bless!