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Standard Normal (Z) Table
Area between 0 and z

0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.0000 0.0040 0.0080 0.0120 0.0160 0.0199 0.0239 0.0279 0.0319 0.0359
0.1 0.0398 0.0438 0.0478 0.0517 0.0557 0.0596 0.0636 0.0675 0.0714 0.0753
0.2 0.0793 0.0832 0.0871 0.0910 0.0948 0.0987 0.1026 0.1064 0.1103 0.1141
0.3 0.1179 0.1217 0.1255 0.1293 0.1331 0.1368 0.1406 0.1443 0.1480 0.1517
0.4 0.1554 0.1591 0.1628 0.1664 0.1700 0.1736 0.1772 0.1808 0.1844 0.1879
0.5 0.1915 0.1950 0.1985 0.2019 0.2054 0.2088 0.2123 0.2157 0.2190 0.2224
0.6 0.2257 0.2291 0.2324 0.2357 0.2389 0.2422 0.2454 0.2486 0.2517 0.2549
0.7 0.2580 0.2611 0.2642 0.2673 0.2704 0.2734 0.2764 0.2794 0.2823 0.2852
0.8 0.2881 0.2910 0.2939 0.2967 0.2995 0.3023 0.3051 0.3078 0.3106 0.3133
0.9 0.3159 0.3186 0.3212 0.3238 0.3264 0.3289 0.3315 0.3340 0.3365 0.3389
1.0 0.3413 0.3438 0.3461 0.3485 0.3508 0.3531 0.3554 0.3577 0.3599 0.3621
1.1 0.3643 0.3665 0.3686 0.3708 0.3729 0.3749 0.3770 0.3790 0.3810 0.3830
1.2 0.3849 0.3869 0.3888 0.3907 0.3925 0.3944 0.3962 0.3980 0.3997 0.4015
1.3 0.4032 0.4049 0.4066 0.4082 0.4099 0.4115 0.4131 0.4147 0.4162 0.4177
1.4 0.4192 0.4207 0.4222 0.4236 0.4251 0.4265 0.4279 0.4292 0.4306 0.4319
1.5 0.4332 0.4345 0.4357 0.4370 0.4382 0.4394 0.4406 0.4418 0.4429 0.4441
1.6 0.4452 0.4463 0.4474 0.4484 0.4495 0.4505 0.4515 0.4525 0.4535 0.4545
1.7 0.4554 0.4564 0.4573 0.4582 0.4591 0.4599 0.4608 0.4616 0.4625 0.4633
1.8 0.4641 0.4649 0.4656 0.4664 0.4671 0.4678 0.4686 0.4693 0.4699 0.4706
1.9 0.4713 0.4719 0.4726 0.4732 0.4738 0.4744 0.4750 0.4756 0.4761 0.4767
2.0 0.4772 0.4778 0.4783 0.4788 0.4793 0.4798 0.4803 0.4808 0.4812 0.4817
2.1 0.4821 0.4826 0.4830 0.4834 0.4838 0.4842 0.4846 0.4850 0.4854 0.4857
2.2 0.4861 0.4864 0.4868 0.4871 0.4875 0.4878 0.4881 0.4884 0.4887 0.4890
2.3 0.4893 0.4896 0.4898 0.4901 0.4904 0.4906 0.4909 0.4911 0.4913 0.4916
2.4 0.4918 0.4920 0.4922 0.4925 0.4927 0.4929 0.4931 0.4932 0.4934 0.4936
2.5 0.4938 0.4940 0.4941 0.4943 0.4945 0.4946 0.4948 0.4949 0.4951 0.4952
2.6 0.4953 0.4955 0.4956 0.4957 0.4959 0.4960 0.4961 0.4962 0.4963 0.4964
2.7 0.4965 0.4966 0.4967 0.4968 0.4969 0.4970 0.4971 0.4972 0.4973 0.4974
2.8 0.4974 0.4975 0.4976 0.4977 0.4977 0.4978 0.4979 0.4979 0.4980 0.4981
2.9 0.4981 0.4982 0.4982 0.4983 0.4984 0.4984 0.4985 0.4985 0.4986 0.4986
3.0 0.4987 0.4987 0.4987 0.4988 0.4988 0.4989 0.4989 0.4989 0.4990 0.4990
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STATISTICAL TABLES 2
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TABLE A.2
t Distribution: Critical Values of t

Significance level
Degrees of Two-tailed test: 10% 5% 2% 1% 0.2% 0.1%
freedom One-tailed test: 5% 2.5% 1% 0.5% 0.1% 0.05%
1 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657 318.309 636.619
2 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 22.327 31.599
3 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 10.215 12.924
4 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 7.173 8.610
5 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 5.893 6.869
6 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.208 5.959
7 1.894 2.365 2.998 3.499 4.785 5.408
8 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 4.501 5.041
9 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 4.297 4.781
10 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.144 4.587
11 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.025 4.437
12 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 3.930 4.318
13 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 3.852 4.221
14 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 3.787 4.140
15 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 3.733 4.073
16 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 3.686 4.015
17 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.646 3.965
18 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.610 3.922
19 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.579 3.883
20 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.552 3.850
21 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.527 3.819
22 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.505 3.792
23 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.485 3.768
24 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.467 3.745
25 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.450 3.725
26 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.435 3.707
27 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.421 3.690
28 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.408 3.674
29 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.396 3.659
30 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.385 3.646
32 1.694 2.037 2.449 2.738 3.365 3.622
34 1.691 2.032 2.441 2.728 3.348 3.601
36 1.688 2.028 2.434 2.719 3.333 3.582
38 1.686 2.024 2.429 2.712 3.319 3.566
40 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 3.307 3.551
42 1.682 2.018 2.418 2.698 3.296 3.538
44 1.680 2.015 2.414 2.692 3.286 3.526
46 1.679 2.013 2.410 2.687 3.277 3.515
48 1.677 2.011 2.407 2.682 3.269 3.505
50 1.676 2.009 2.403 2.678 3.261 3.496
60 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 3.232 3.460
70 1.667 1.994 2.381 2.648 3.211 3.435
80 1.664 1.990 2.374 2.639 3.195 3.416
90 1.662 1.987 2.368 2.632 3.183 3.402
100 1.660 1.984 2.364 2.626 3.174 3.390
120 1.658 1.980 2.358 2.617 3.160 3.373
150 1.655 1.976 2.351 2.609 3.145 3.357
200 1.653 1.972 2.345 2.601 3.131 3.340
300 1.650 1.968 2.339 2.592 3.118 3.323
400 1.649 1.966 2.336 2.588 3.111 3.315
500 1.648 1.965 2.334 2.586 3.107 3.310
600 1.647 1.964 2.333 2.584 3.104 3.307
∞ 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 3.090 3.291

.
452 S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S

TAB L E B.7. Critical Values for Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient

Level of Significance of a One-Tailed or Directional Test
H0 : ρ ≤ 0 or H0 : ρ ≥ 0
α = 0.1 α = 0.05 α = 0.025 α = 0.01 α = 0.005 α = 0.0005
Level of Significance of a Two-Tailed or Nondirectional Test
H0 : ρ = 0
df α = 0.2 α = 0.1 α = 0.05 α = 0.02 α = 0.01 α = 0.001
1 0.9511 0.9877 0.9969 0.9995 0.9999 0.9999
2 0.8000 0.9000 0.9500 0.9800 0.9900 0.9990
3 0.6870 0.8054 0.8783 0.9343 0.9587 0.9911
4 0.6084 0.7293 0.8114 0.8822 0.9172 0.9741
5 0.5509 0.6694 0.7545 0.8329 0.8745 0.9509
6 0.5067 0.6215 0.7067 0.7887 0.8343 0.9249
7 0.4716 0.5822 0.6664 0.7498 0.7977 0.8983
8 0.4428 0.5494 0.6319 0.7155 0.7646 0.8721
9 0.4187 0.5214 0.6021 0.6851 0.7348 0.8470
10 0.3981 0.4973 0.5760 0.6581 0.7079 0.8233
11 0.3802 0.4762 0.5529 0.6339 0.6835 0.8010
12 0.3646 0.4575 0.5324 0.6120 0.6614 0.7800
13 0.3507 0.4409 0.5140 0.5923 0.6411 0.7604
14 0.3383 0.4259 0.4973 0.5742 0.6226 0.7419
15 0.3271 0.4124 0.4821 0.5577 0.6055 0.7247
16 0.3170 0.4000 0.4683 0.5425 0.5897 0.7084
17 0.3077 0.3887 0.4555 0.5285 0.5751 0.6932
18 0.2992 0.3783 0.4438 0.5155 0.5614 0.6788
19 0.2914 0.3687 0.4329 0.5034 0.5487 0.6652
20 0.2841 0.3598 0.4227 0.4921 0.5368 0.6524
21 0.2774 0.3515 0.4132 0.4815 0.5256 0.6402
22 0.2711 0.3438 0.4044 0.4716 0.5151 0.6287
23 0.2653 0.3365 0.3961 0.4622 0.5052 0.6178
24 0.2598 0.3297 0.3882 0.4534 0.4958 0.6074
25 0.2546 0.3233 0.3809 0.4451 0.4869 0.5974
30 0.2327 0.2960 0.3494 0.4093 0.4487 0.5541
35 0.2156 0.2746 0.3246 0.3810 0.4182 0.5189
40 0.2018 0.2573 0.3044 0.3578 0.3932 0.4896
50 0.1806 0.2306 0.2732 0.3218 0.3542 0.4432
60 0.1650 0.2108 0.2500 0.2948 0.3248 0.4079
70 0.1528 0.1954 0.2319 0.2737 0.3017 0.3798
80 0.1430 0.1829 0.2172 0.2565 0.2830 0.3568
90 0.1348 0.1726 0.2050 0.2422 0.2673 0.3375
100 0.1279 0.1638 0.1946 0.2301 0.2540 0.3211
150 0.1045 0.1339 0.1593 0.1886 0.2084 0.2643
300 0.0740 0.0948 0.1129 0.1338 0.1480 0.1884
500 0.0573 0.0735 0.0875 0.1038 0.1149 0.1464
1000 0.0405 0.0520 0.0619 0.0735 0.0813 0.1038