AISC_PART 16_A_Prelims_15th Ed.
_2016 2016-11-15 11:23 AM Page xlvii (Black plate)
GLOSSARY 16.1-xlvii
Length effects. Consideration of the reduction in strength of a member based on its unbraced
length.
Lightweight concrete. Structural concrete with an equilibrium density of 115 lb/ft3 (1840
kg/m3) or less, as determined by ASTM C567.
Limit state†. Condition in which a structure or component becomes unfit for service and is
judged either to be no longer useful for its intended function (serviceability limit state) or
to have reached its ultimate load-carrying capacity (strength limit state).
Load†. Force or other action that results from the weight of building materials, occupants
and their possessions, environmental effects, differential movement, or restrained dimen-
sional changes.
Load effect†. Forces, stresses and deformations produced in a structural component by the
applied loads.
Load factor. Factor that accounts for deviations of the nominal load from the actual load, for
uncertainties in the analysis that transforms the load into a load effect and for the proba-
bility that more than one extreme load will occur simultaneously.
Load transfer region. Region of a composite member over which force is directly applied to
the member, such as the depth of a connection plate.
Local bending**†. Limit state of large deformation of a flange under a concentrated trans-
verse force.
Local buckling**. Limit state of buckling of a compression element within a cross section.
Local yielding**†. Yielding that occurs in a local area of an element.
LRFD (load and resistance factor design)†. Method of proportioning structural components
such that the design strength equals or exceeds the required strength of the component
under the action of the LRFD load combinations.
LRFD load combination†. Load combination in the applicable building code intended for
strength design (load and resistance factor design).
Main member. In an HSS connection, chord member, column or other HSS member to
which branch members or other connecting elements are attached.
Member imperfection. Initial displacement of points along the length of individual members
(between points of intersection of members) from their nominal locations, such as the
out-of-straightness of members due to manufacturing and fabrication.
Mill scale. Oxide surface coating on steel formed by the hot rolling process.
Moment connection. Connection that transmits bending moment between connected members.
Moment frame†. Framing system that provides resistance to lateral loads and provides sta-
bility to the structural system, primarily by shear and flexure of the framing members and
their connections.
Negative flexural strength. Flexural strength of a composite beam in regions with tension
due to flexure on the top surface.
Net area. Gross area reduced to account for removed material.
Nominal dimension. Designated or theoretical dimension, as in tables of section properties.
Nominal load†. Magnitude of the load specified by the applicable building code.
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, July 7, 2016
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION