Connection Design

Joints resistance according to EC.3 – 1 – 8

Edit by Dott. Ing. Simone Caffè

 Connection Design 2

FIN PLATE CONNECTION

Shear resistance per shear plane §Table 3.4:

 v  As  fub
Fv,Rd 
 M2

 v  0.6 for classes 8.8

 v  0.5 for classes 10.9
As area of the bolts
fub ultimate tensile strength
 M2  1.25 safety factor

Shear bolt resistance §3.6.1:

Fv,Rd
VRd,1   VEd
2 2
 1 ex  xmax   ex  ymax 
    
 nb Jb   Jb 

ex eccentricity between the centroid of the bolts and the supporting beam
web or supporting column flange.

nb number of bolts.
© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved
 Connection Design 3

Shear force in “y” direction per shear plane due to external shear:

VEd
VyV,Ed 
nb

Shear force in “y” direction per shear plane due to torsion:

V  e   x
VyT,Ed   Ed x  max
Jb

Shear force in “x” direction per shear plane due to torsion:

V  e   y
VxT,Ed   Ed x  max
Jb

Total shear force per shear plane due to shear and torsion:

2 2
 1 ex  xmax   ex  ymax 
Rb  VEd        Fv,Rd
n
 b J b   J b 

Bolts polar moment calculated in the centroid of the bolts:


Jb   xi2  yi2
i


Axial resistance for the bolts in shear §3.6.1:

NRd,1  nb  Fv,Rd  NEd

Shear bearing resistance of beam web §Table 3.4:

1
VRd,2   VEd
2 2
 1 ex  xmax   ex  ymax 
n  Jb   Jb 
 b   
 Fy ,b,Rd   Fx,b,Rd 
   
   

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 4

Bearing resistance in “y” direction:

 y  ky  d  tbw  fu
Fy ,b,Rd 
 M2

Without notch Single notch Double notch

 p
 1  
 e p 1 
 e p 
 y  min  1  ; 1  y min 1 ; 1  ; 1  1 
3d 4 3d 3d 4  y  min  1,min ; 1  ; 1

 1 
 
 0 0 
  3d 3d 4 
 0 0 

 e p 

k min2.8 2 1.7 ; 1.4 2 1.7 ; 2.5
y d d

 0 0 


y bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer.

ky bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer.

e1 end distance from the center of fastener hole, to the adjacent end of any
part measured in the direction of load transfer (Figure 3.1 – EC3-1-8 : 2005).

e2 edge distance from the center of fastener hole, to the adjacent edge of any
part measured at right angles to direction of load transfer (Figure 3.1 – EC3-1-
8 : 2005).

p1 spacing between centers of fasteners in a line in the direction of load transfer

(Figure 3.1 – EC3-1-8 : 2005).

p2 spacing measured perpendicular to load transfer direction between

adjacent line of fasteners (Figure 3.1 – EC3-1-8 : 2005).

d diameter of the fastener.

d0 diameter of the hole.

tbw thickness of the beam web.

fu ultimate tensile strength

Bearing resistance in “x” direction:

 x  kx  d  tbw  fu
Fx,b,Rd 
 M2

Without notch Single notch Double notch


 e p 1 

 x min 2 ; 2  ; 1
 3d 3d 4 
 0 0 
 p  
 e p 
  e p 
  k min2.8 1 1.7 ; 1.4 1 1.7 ; 2.5   
k x  min 1.4 1 1.7 ; 2.5 x d d k x  min 2.8 1,min 1.7 ; 1.4 1 1.7 ; 2.5 
 d  
 0 0 
  d d 
 0   0 0 

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 5

Bearing check:

2 2
  1 ex  xmax     ex  ymax 
     
  nb Jb     Jb  1
VEd 
 Fy ,b,Rd   F 
x ,b,Rd
   
   

Shear bearing resistance of fin plate §Table 3.4:

1
VRd,3   VEd
2 2
 1 ex  xmax   ex  ymax 
n  Jb   Jb 
 b   
 F y ,b,Rd   F x ,b,Rd 
   
   

Bearing resistance in “y” direction:

 y  ky  d  tp  fu
Fy ,b,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:


 e1 p1 1  
 y  min  ;  ; 1
 3  d0 3  d0 4
 


Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:


 e2 p 

ky  min 2.8   1.7 ; 1.4  2  1.7 ; 2.5

 d0 d0 


e1 end distance from the center of fastener hole, to the adjacent end of any
part measured in the direction of load transfer (Figure 3.1 – EC3-1-8 : 2005).

e2 e distance from the center of fastener hole, to the adjacent edge of any
part measured at right angles to direction of load transfer (Figure 3.1 – EC3-1-
8 : 2005).

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 6

p1 spacing between centers of fasteners in a line in the direction of load transfer

(Figure 3.1 – EC3-1-8 : 2005).

p2 spacing measured perpendicular to load transfer direction between

adjacent line of fasteners (Figure 3.1 – EC3-1-8 : 2005).

d diameter of the fastener.

d0 diameter of the hole.

tp thickness of the fin plate.

Bearing resistance in “x” direction:

 x  k x  d  tp  fu
F x ,b,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:

 e2
 p2 1  
 x  min  ;  ; 1
 3  d0 3  d0 4
 


Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:


 e1 p 

k x  min 2.8   1.7 ; 1.4  1  1.7 ; 2.5

 d0 d0 


Axial bearing resistance of beam web §Table 3.4:

NRd,2  nb  Fx,b,Rd  NEd

Axial bearing resistance of fin plate §Table 3.4:

NRd,3  nb  F x,b,Rd  NEd

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 Connection Design 7

Beam web in shear (gross section):

Av  fy
VRd,4   VEd
3   M0

Without notch Single notch Double notch

Av  0.9   Ab  2  bb  tbf  tbw 2rb   tbf  Av  0.9   Ab  2  bb  tbf  dnt tbf   tbw  Av  0.9   hb dnt dnb   tbw 

Ab cross – sectional area of the beam.

hb height of the beam.
bb flange width of the beam.
tbf thickness of the beam flange.
tbw thickness of the beam web.
dnt depth of the top notch.
dnb depth of the bottom notch.

Beam web in shear (net section):

Av,net  fu
VRd,5   VEd
3   M2

Shear net area: Av,net  Av  nb,v  tbw  d0

nb,v number of bolts in a single vertical line.

fu ultimate tensile strength.

Fin plate in shear (gross section):

hp  tp  fy
VRd,6   VEd
1.27  3   M0

hp height of the fin plate.

tp thickness of the fin plate.

The coefficient 1.27 takes in to account the redaction of shear resistance, due to the
presence of bending moment.

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 8

Fin plate in shear (net section):

VRd,7 
h p 
 nb,v  d0  tp  fu
 VEd
3   M2

hp height of the fin plate.

tp thickness of the fin plate.

Fin plate in bending:

 tp  hp2 
   fy
Wel ,p  fy  6 
VRd,8    VEd
ex   M0 ex   M0

Wel ,p elastic fin plate modulus.

Beam web in bending:

Wel ,b  fy
VRd,9   VEd
en   M0

Without notch Single notch Double notch

2
Wel ,b tbw  hdnt dnb 
Wel ,b ,min of the “T” shape Wel ,b 
6

en eccentricity between the shear force and the notch end.

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 9

Fin plate in shear (Block tearing):

0.5  Ant ,p  fu Anv,p  fy

VRd,10    VEd
 M2 3   M0

Ant ,p net area subjected to tension:

  d0  for a single vertical line of bolts

 Ant ,p  e2    tp
  2
 A  e  n  1  p  n  0.5  d   t
 nt ,p  2  b,h  2  b,h  0 p for more than one vertical line of bolts

Anv,p net area subjected to shear:

Anv,p  hp  e1   nb,v  0.5  d0   tp

 

nb,h number of bolts in a single horizontal line.

nb,v number of bolts in a single vertical line.

Beam web in shear (Block tearing):

0.5  Ant ,b  fu Anv,b  fy

VRd,11    VEd
 M2 3   M0

Ant ,p net area subjected to tension:

  d0  for a single vertical line of bolts

 Ant ,b  e2    tbw
  2
 A  e  n  1  p  n  0.5  d   t
 nt ,b  2  b,h  2  b,h  0  bw for more than one vertical line of bolts

Anv,b net area subjected to shear:

Without notch Single notch Double notch

Anv ,b  e1 nb ,v 1p1 nb ,v 0.5d0   t bw Anv ,b  e1 nb ,v 1p1 nb ,v 0.5d0   t bw Anv ,b  e1,min  nb ,v 1p1 nb ,v 0.5d0   tbw

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 10

Fin plate in tension (Block tearing):

 nt ,p  f
0.5  A  nv,p  f
A y
NRd,4  u
  NEd
 M2 3   M0

 nt ,p
A net area subjected to tension:

 nt,p   n  1  p   n  1  d   t
A  b,v 1 b,v 0 p

 nv,p
A net area subjected to shear:

  d0  for a single vertical line of bolts


 A nv ,p  2   e2    tp
  2 
A nv,p  2  e2   n  1  p   n  0.5   d   t for more than one vertical line of bolts

  b ,h 2 b ,h 0 p

nb,h number of bolts in a single horizontal line.

nb,v number of bolts in a single vertical line.

Beam web in tension (Block tearing):

 nt ,b  f
0.5  A  nv,b  f
A y
NRd,5  u
  NEd
 M2 3   M0

 nt ,b
A net area subjected to tension:

 nt,b   n  1  p   n  1  d   t
A  b,v 1 b,v 0  bw

 nv,b
A net area subjected to shear:

  d0  for a single vertical line of bolts

 Anv,b  2  e2    tbw
  2
A  2  e2   nb,h  1  p2   nb,h  0.5   d0   tbw for more than one vertical line of bolts
 nv,b

nb,h number of bolts in a single horizontal line.

nb,v number of bolts in a single vertical line.

Fin plate in tension (net section):

NRd,6 

0.9  hp  nb,v  d0  tp  fu   NEd
 M2

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 11

Beam web in tension (net section):

NRd,7 

0.9  hp  nb,v  d0  tbw  fu   NEd
 M2

hp height of the fin plate (conservatively).

Joint resistance:

Vpl,Rd design plastic resistance of the beam

Vj ,Rd  minVRd,1;; VRd,11  VEd


If VEd  0.5  Vpl ,Rd then 
Nj ,Rd  minNRd,1;; NRd,7   NEd


 2 2
  NEd  

VEd 
 1.00
  min  N ; N ; N    min  V ; V ; V  
 
 Rd ,1 Rd ,2 Rd ,3  
 Rd ,1 Rd ,2 
Rd ,3 

V  minV ; ; V   V
 j ,Rd Rd ,4 Rd ,11 Ed
If VEd  0.5  Vpl ,Rd then 
Nj ,Rd  minNRd,4 ; ; NRd,7   1    NEd
 2
  2  VEd 
    1 §6.2.10 EC.3
  Vpl ,Rd 

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 Connection Design 12

WEB COVER PLATE CONNECTION

Shear resistance per shear plane §Table 3.4:

 v  As  fub
Fv,Rd 
 M2

 v  0.6 for classes 8.8

 v  0.5 for classes 10.9
As Area of the bolts
fub Ultimate tensile strength
 M2  1.25 Safety factor

Shear bolt resistance §3.6.1:

n  Fv,Rd
VRd,1   VEd
2 2
 1 ex  xmax   ex  ymax 
    
 nb Jb   Jb 

ex eccentricity between the centroid of the bolts and the beam end.
nb number of bolts.
n2 number of shear plane.

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 13

Shear force in “y” direction per shear plane due to external shear:

VEd
VyV,Ed 
n  nb

Shear force in “y” direction per shear plane due to torsion:

V  e   x
VyT,Ed   Ed x  max
n  Jb

Shear force in “x” direction per shear plane due to torsion:

V  e   y
VxT,Ed   Ed x  max
n  Jb

Total shear force per shear plane due to shear and torsion:

2 2
V  1 ex  xmax   ex  ymax 
Rb  Ed        Fv,Rd
n  nb Jb   Jb 

Bolts polar moment calculated in the centroid of the bolts:


Jb   xi2  yi2
i


Axial resistance for the bolts in shear §3.6.1:

NRd,1  n  nb  Fv,Rd  NEd

Shear bearing resistance of beam web §Table 3.4:

1
VRd,2   VEd
2 2
 1 ex  xmax   ex  ymax 
n  Jb   Jb 
 b   
 Fy ,b,Rd   Fx,b,Rd 
   
   

Bearing resistance in “y” direction:

 y  ky  d  tbw  fu
Fy ,b,Rd 
 M2

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 Connection Design 14

Bearing coefficients

 p 1  
 y  min  1  ; 1
 3d1 4
 


 e p 

k min2.8 2 1.7 ; 1.4 2 1.7 ; 2.5
y d d

 0 0 


y bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer.

ky bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer.

e1 end distance from the center of fastener hole, to the adjacent end of any
part measured in the direction of load transfer (Figure 3.1 – EC3-1-8 : 2005).

e2 edge distance from the center of fastener hole, to the adjacent edge of any
part measured at right angles to direction of load transfer (Figure 3.1 – EC3-1-
8 : 2005).

p1 spacing between centers of fasteners in a line in the direction of load transfer

(Figure 3.1 – EC3-1-8 : 2005).

p2 spacing measured perpendicular to load transfer direction between

adjacent line of fasteners (Figure 3.1 – EC3-1-8 : 2005).

d diameter of the fastener.

d0 diameter of the hole.

tbw thickness of the beam web.

fu ultimate tensile strength

Bearing resistance in “x” direction:

 x  kx  d  tbw  fu
Fx,b,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficients

 e2 p 1 
 x min ; 2  ; 1
 3d 3d 4 
 0 0 
 p 
 
k x  min 1.4 1 1.7 ; 2.5
 d 
 0 

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 15

Bearing check:

2 2
  1 e x     ex  ymax 
 n   x max    n  
n  nb n  Jb      n  Jb
VEd     1
 Fy ,b,Rd   Fx ,b,Rd 
   
   

Shear bearing resistance of cover plates §Table 3.4:

1
VRd,3   VEd
2 2
 1 ex  xmax   ex  ymax 
n  Jb   Jb 
 b   
 F y ,b,Rd   F x ,b,Rd 
   
   

Bearing resistance in “y” direction:

 y  ky  d   2  tp   fu
Fy ,b,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:


 e1 p1 1  
 y  min  ;  ; 1
 3  d0 3  d0 4
 


Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:


 e2 p 

ky  min 2.8   1.7 ; 1.4  2  1.7 ; 2.5

 d0 d0 


e1 end distance from the center of fastener hole, to the adjacent end of any
part measured in the direction of load transfer (Figure 3.1 – EC3-1-8 : 2005).

e2 edge distance from the center of fastener hole, to the adjacent edge of any
part measured at right angles to direction of load transfer (Figure 3.1 – EC3-1-
8 : 2005).

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 16

p1 spacing between centers of fasteners in a line in the direction of load transfer

(Figure 3.1 – EC3-1-8 : 2005).

p2 spacing measured perpendicular to load transfer direction between

adjacent line of fasteners (Figure 3.1 – EC3-1-8 : 2005).

d diameter of the fastener.

d0 diameter of the hole.

tp thickness of a single plate.

Bearing resistance in “x” direction:

 x  k x  d   2  tp   fu
F x,b,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:


 e2 p2 1  
 x  min  ;  ; 1
 3  d0 3  d0 4
 


Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:


 e1 p 

k x  min 2.8   1.7 ; 1.4  1  1.7 ; 2.5

 d0 d0 


Axial bearing resistance of beam web §Table 3.4:

NRd,2  nb  Fx,b,Rd  NEd

Axial bearing resistance of cover plates §Table 3.4:

NRd,3  nb  F x,b,Rd  NEd

Beam web in shear (gross section) :

0.9  Av  fy
VRd,4   VEd
3   M0

Av  Ab  2  bb  tbf   tbw  2  rb   tbf

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 17

Ab cross – sectional area of the beam.

hb height of the beam.
bb flange width of the beam.
tbf thickness of the beam flange.
tbw thickness of the beam web.

Beam web in shear (net section):

Av,net  fu
VRd,5   VEd
3   M2

Shear net area: Av,net  Av  nb,v  tbw  d0

nb,v number of bolts in a single vertical line.

fu ultimate tensile strength

Cover plates in shear (gross section):

VRd,6 

hp  2  tp  fy   VEd
1.27  3   M0

hp height of the double plate.

tp thickness of a single plate.

The coefficient 1.27 takes in to account the redaction of shear resistance, due to the
presence of bending moment.

Cover plates in shear (net section):

VRd,7 
h p 
 nb,v  d0  2  tp  fu   VEd
3   M2

hp height of the double plate.

tp thickness of a single plate.

Cover plates in shear (Block tearing):

0.5  Ant ,p  fu Anv,p  fy

VRd,8    VEd
 M2 3   M0

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 18

Ant ,p net area subjected to tension:

  d0 
 Ant ,p  e2    2  tp
2
  for a single vertical line of bolts

 
 A  e  n  1  p  n  0.5  d   2  t
 nt ,p  2  b,h  2  b,h  0 p   for more than one vertical line of bolts

Anv,p net area subjected to shear:

Anv,p  hp  e1   nb,v  0.5  d0   2  tp

   
nb,h number of bolts in a single horizontal line.
nb,v number of bolts in a single vertical line.

Beam web in shear (Block tearing):

0.5  Ant ,b  fu Anv,b  fy

VRd,9    VEd
 M2 3   M0

Ant ,p net area subjected to tension:

  d0  for a single vertical line of bolts

 Ant ,b  e2    tbw
  2
 A  e  n  1  p  n  0.5  d   t
 nt ,b  2  b,h  2  b,h  0  bw for more than one vertical line of bolts

Anv,b net area subjected to shear:

Anv,b  e1   nb,v  1  p1   nb,v  0.5  d0   tbw

Cover plates in tension (Block tearing):

 nt ,p  f
0.5  A  nv,p  f
A y
NRd,4  u
  NEd
 M2 3   M0

 nt ,p
A net area subjected to tension:

 nt,p   n  1  p   n  1  d   2  t
A  b,v 1 b,v 0 p  
 nv,p
A net area subjected to shear:

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 19

  d0 
 Anv,p  2  e2  2   2  tp
   for a single vertical line of bolts


A


 nv,p  2  e2   n  1  p   n  0.5   d   2  t
 b ,h 2 b ,h 0 p   for more than one vertical line of bolts

nb,h number of bolts in a single horizontal line.

nb,v number of bolts in a single vertical line.

Beam web in tension (Block tearing):

 nt ,b  f
0.5  A  nv,b  f
A y
NRd,5  u
  NEd
 M2 3   M0

 nt ,b
A net area subjected to tension:

 nt,b   n  1  p   n  1  d   t
A  b,v 1 b,v 0  bw

 nv,b
A net area subjected to shear:

  d0  for a single vertical line of bolts

 Anv,b  2  e2    tbw
  2
A  2  e2   nb,h  1  p2   nb,h  0.5   d0   tbw for more than one vertical line of bolts
 nv,b

nb,h number of bolts in a single horizontal line.

nb,v number of bolts in a single vertical line.

Cover plates in tension (net section):

NRd,6 
 
0.9  hp  nb,v  d0  2  tp  fu   NEd
 M2

Beam web in tension (net section):

NRd,7 

0.9  hp  nb,v  d0  tbw  fu   NEd
 M2

hp height of double plate (conservatively).

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 20

Joint resistance:

Vpl,Rd design plastic resistance of the beam

Vj ,Rd  minVRd,1;; VRd,9   VEd


If VEd  0.5  Vpl ,Rd then 
Nj ,Rd  minNRd,1;; NRd,7   NEd


 2 2
  NEd  

VEd 
 1.00
  min  N ; N ; N    min  V ; V ; V  
  Rd ,1 Rd ,2 Rd ,3   Rd ,1 Rd ,2 
Rd ,3 

V  minV ; ; V   V
 j ,Rd Rd ,4 Rd ,9 Ed
If VEd  0.5  Vpl ,Rd then 
Nj ,Rd  minNRd,4 ; ; NRd,7   1    NEd
 2
  2  VEd 
    1 §6.2.10 EC.3
  Vpl ,Rd 

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 21

SPLICE CONNECTION – Bracing

Shear resistance per shear plane §Table 3.4:

  v  Afb  fub
Fv,fb,Rd     M2
  v  Awb  fub
 Fv,wb,Rd 
0.75    1 L j  15  dfb  1.00  M2
 200  dfb


 v  0.6 for classes 8.8

 v  0.5 for classes 10.9
Afb area of the flange bolts
Awb area of the web bolts
fub ultimate tensile strength
 M2  1.25 safety factor

Bolt resistance of the beam flange:

Nf ,Rd,1  nfsp  nfb  Fv,fb,Rd

nfsp  1 for a single cover plate

nfsp number of flange shear plane 
nfsp  2 for double cover plate

nfb number of flange bolts

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 22

Bearing resistance of the beam flange:

Nf ,Rd,2  nfb  Fb,bf ,Rd

Bearing resistance in “x” direction:

 bf  kbf  dfb  tbf  fu

Fb,bf ,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:


 e1,bf p1,bf 1  
 bf  min  ;  ; 1
 3  d0,fb 3  d0,fb 4
 


Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:


 e p 

kbf  min 2.8  2,bf  1.7 ; 1.4  2,bf  1.7 ; 2.5

 d0,fb d0,fb 


dfb diameter of the flange bolt.

d0,fb hole diameter of the flange bolt.
tbf thickness of the beam flange.

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 23

Bearing resistance of the flange cover plates:

Nf ,Rd,3  nfb  Fb,fcp,Rd

Bearing resistance in “x” direction:

 fcp  kfcp  dfb   nfsp  tfcp   fu

Fb,fcp,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:

  e1,fcp p1,fcp 1 
 fcp  min  ;  ; 1
  3  d0,fb 3  d0,fb 4 

 p1,fcp  p1,bf

Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:

  e2,fcp,min p 
kfcp  min 2.8   1.7 ; 1.4  2,fcp  1.7 ; 2.5 
  d0,fb d0,fb 

 p2,fcp  p2,bf


e2,fcp,min  min e2,fcp ; e2,fcp




tfcp thickness of a single flange cover plate.

Beam flange in tension (gross section):

Nf ,Rd,4 
 bbf  tbf   fy
 M0

bbf flange width of the beam.

tbf thickness of the beam flange.

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 24

Beam flange in tension (net section):

0.9   bbf  2  d0,fb   tbf  fu

Nf ,Rd,5 
 M2

Flange cover plates in tension (gross section):

Nf ,Rd,6 
b fcp 
 tfcp  fy
for a single top flange cover plate
 M0

Nf ,Rd,6  Nf ,Rd,6 

2  bfcp  tfcp  fy  for double flange cover plate
 M0

bfcp top flange cover plate width.

bfcp bottom flange cover plate width.

Flange cover plates in tension (net section):

Nf ,Rd,7 

0.9  bfcp  2  d0,fb  tfcp  fu  for a single top flange cover plate
 M2

Nf ,Rd,7  Nf ,Rd,7 
 
0.9  2  bfcp  2  d0,fb  tfcp  fu
for double flange cover plate
 M2

bfcp top flange cover plate width.

bfcp bottom flange cover plate width.

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 25

Beam flange in tension (Block tearing):

 nt ,bf  f
A  nv,bf  f
A y
Nf ,Rd,8  u

 M2 3   M0

Net area subjected to tension:

 nt,bf  2  e  d   t
A  2,bf 0,fb  bf

Net area subjected to shear:

 nv,bf  2  e   n  1  p   n  0.5  d   t
A  1,bf b,h 1,bf b,h 0,fb  bf

nb,h number of bolts in a single horizontal line.

Flange cover plates in tension (Block tearing):

 nt ,fcp  f
A  nv,fcp  f
A y
Nf ,Rd,9  u
 for a single top flange cover plate
 M2 3   M0

Ant ,fcp  fu Anv,fcp  fy

Nf ,Rd,9  Nf ,Rd,9   for double flange cover plate
 M2 3   M0

 nt ,fcp
A net area subjected to tension:
© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved
 Connection Design 26

Net area subjected to tension:

 nt,fcp   p
A  2,fcp  d0,fb   tfcp

Ant ,fcp  2  e2,fcp  d0,fb   tfcp

 

Net area subjected to shear:

 nv,fcp  Anv,fcp  2  e   n  1  p
1,fcp   nb,h  0.5   d0,fb   tfcp
A 
 1,fcp b,h

Joint flange resistance:

Nj ,f ,Rd  minNf ,Rd,1;...; Nf ,Rd,9 

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 27

Shear bolt resistance of the beam web:

Nw,Rd,1  2  nwb  Fv,wb,Rd

nwsp number of web shear plane

nwb  2 number of web bolts

Bearing resistance of the beam web:

Nw,Rd,2  nwb  Fb,wb,Rd

Bearing resistance in “x” direction:

 bw  kbw  dwb  tbw  fu

Fb,bw,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:

 e1,bw
 p1,bw 1  
 bw  min  ;  ; 1
 3  d0,wb 3  d0,wb 4
 


Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:


 p 

kbw  min 1.4  2,bw  1.7 ; 2.5

 d0,wb 


tbw thickness of the beam web.

dwb diameter of the web bolts.
d0,wb hole diameter of the web bolts.

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 28

Bearing resistance of the web cover plates:

Nw,Rd,3  nwb  Fb,wcp,Rd

Bearing resistance in “x” direction:

 wcp  kwcp  dwb   2  twcp   fu

Fb,wcp,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:


 e1,wcp p1,wcp 1  
 wcp  min  ;  ; 1
 3  d0,wb 3  d0,wb 4
 


Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:


 e p 

kwcp  min 2.8  2,wcp  1.7 ; 1.4  2,wcp  1.7 ; 2.5

 d0,wb d0,wb 


twcp thickness of a single web cover plate.

Cover plates in tension (gross section):

Nw,Rd,4 

hwcp  2  twcp  fy 
 M0

Cover plates in tension (net section):

Nw,Rd,5 
 
0.9  hwcp  nb,v  d0,wb  2  twcp  fu 
 M2

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 29

Beam web in tension (net section):

hwcp  tbw  fy
Nw,Rd,6 
 M0

hwcp height of the web cover plate (conservatively).

Beam web in tension (net section):

Nw,Rd,7 

0.9  hwcp  nb,v  d0,wb  tbw  fu 
 M2

hwcp height of the web cover plate (conservatively).

Cover plates in tension (Block tearing):

 nt ,wcp  f
A  nv,wcp  f
A y
Nw,Rd,8  u

 M2 3   M0

 nt ,wcp
A net area subjected to tension:

 nt,wcp   n  1  p
A  b,v 2,wcp   nb,v  1  d0,wb   2  twcp
  
 nv,wcp
A net area subjected to shear:

 nv,wcp  2  e1,wcp   n  1  p
A
 b,h 1,wcp   nb,h  0.5   d0,wb   2  twcp
  
nb,h number of bolts in a single horizontal line.
nb,v number of bolts in a single vertical line.

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 30

Beam web in tension (Block tearing):

 nt ,bw  f
A  nv,bw  f
A y
Nw,Rd,9  u

 M2 3   M0

 nt ,bw
A net area subjected to tension:

 nt,bw   n  1  p
2,bw   nb,v  1  d0,wb   tbw
A 
 b,v

 nv,bw
A net area subjected to shear:

 nv,bw  2  e   n  1  p   n  0.5  d   t
A  1,bw b,h 1,bw b,h 0,wb  bw

nb,h number of bolts in a single horizontal line.

nb,v number of bolts in a single vertical line.

Joint web resistance:

Nj ,w,Rd  minNw,Rd,1;...; Nw,Rd,9 

Joint resistance:

Nj ,Rd  2  Nj ,f ,Rd  Nj ,w,Rd

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 31

SPLICE CONNECTION – N+M+V

Shear resistance per shear plane §Table 3.4:

  v  Afb  fub
Fv,fb,Rd     M2
  v  Awb  fub
 Fv,wb,Rd 
0.75    1 L j  15  dfb  1.00  M2
 200  dfb


 v  0.6 for classes 8.8

 v  0.5 for classes 10.9
Afb area of the flange bolts
Awb area of the web bolts
fub ultimate tensile strength
 M2  1.25 safety factor

Bolt resistance of the beam flange:

FRd,1  nfsp  nfb  Fv,fb,Rd

nfsp  1 for a single cover plate


nfsp number of flange shear plane 
nfsp  2 for double cover plate

nfb number of flange bolts

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 32

Bearing resistance of the beam flange:

FRd,2  nfb  Fb,bf ,Rd

Bearing resistance in “x” direction:

 bf  kbf  dfb  tbf  fu

Fb,bf ,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:

 e1,bf
 p1,bf 1  
 bf  min  ;  ; 1
 3  d0,fb 3  d0,fb 4
 


Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:


 e p 

kbf  min 2.8  2,bf  1.7 ; 1.4  2,bf  1.7 ; 2.5

 d0,fb d0,fb 


dfb diameter of the flange bolt.

d0,fb hole diameter of the flange bolt.
tbf thickness of the beam flange.

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 33

Bearing resistance of the flange cover plates:

FRd,3  nfb  Fb,fcp,Rd

Bearing resistance in “x” direction:

 fcp  kfcp  dfb   nfsp  tfcp   fu

Fb,fcp,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:

  e1,fcp p1,fcp 1 
 fcp  min  ;  ; 1
  3  d0,fb 3  d0,fb 4 

 p1,fcp  p1,bf

Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:

  e2,fcp,min p 
kfcp  min 2.8   1.7 ; 1.4  2,fcp  1.7 ; 2.5 
  d0,fb d0,fb 

 p2,fcp  p2,bf


e2,fcp,min  min e2,fcp ; e2,fcp




tfcp thickness of a single flange cover plate.

Beam flange in tension (gross section):

FRd,4 
 bbf  tbf   fy
 M0

bbf flange width of the beam.

tbf thickness of the beam flange.

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 34

Beam flange in tension (net section):

0.9   bbf  2  d0,fb   tbf  fu

FRd,5 
 M2

Flange cover plates in tension (gross section):

FRd,6 
b fcp 
 tfcp  fy
for a single top flange cover plate
 M0

FRd,6  FRd,6 

2  bfcp  tfcp  fy for double flange cover plate
 M0

bfcp top flange cover plate width.

bfcp bottom flange cover plate width.

Flange cover plates in tension (net section):

FRd,7 

0.9  bfcp  2  d0,fb  tfcp  fu for a single top flange cover plate
 M2

FRd,7  FRd,7 
 
0.9  2  bfcp  2  d0,fb  tfcp  fu
for double flange cover plate
 M2

bfcp top flange cover plate width.

bfcp bottom flange cover plate width.

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 35

Beam flange in tension (Block tearing):

Ant ,bf  fu Anv,bf  fy

FRd,8  
 M2 3   M0

Ant ,bf net area subjected to tension:

Ant,bf  2  e2,bf  d0,fb   tbf

Anv,bf net area subjected to shear:

Anv,bf  2  e1,bf   nb,h  1  p1,bf   nb,h  0.5  d0,fb   tbf

nb,h number of bolts in a single horizontal line.

Flange cover plates in tension (Block tearing):

Ant ,fcp  fu Anv,fcp  fy

FRd,9   for a single top flange cover plate
 M2 3   M0

Ant ,fcp  fu Anv,fcp  fy

FRd,9  FRd,9   for double flange cover plate
 M2 3   M0

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 36

Ant ,fcp net area subjected to tension:

Ant,fcp   p2,fcp  d0,fb   tfcp

Ant ,fcp  2  e2,fcp  d0,fb   tfcp

 

Anv,fcp net area subjected to shear:

Anv,fcp  Anv,fcp  2  e1,fcp   nb,h  1  p1,fcp   nb,h  0.5  d0,fb   tfcp

Joint flange resistance:

Fj ,f ,Rd  minF1,Rd ;...; F9,Rd 

Joint flange check:

MEd b t
Fbf ,Ed   bf bf  NEd  Fj ,f ,Rd
hb  tbf Ab

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 37

Shear bolt resistance of the beam web:

2  Fv,wb,Rd
VRd,1 
2 2
 1 e x   1 e y 
  x max     x max 
 nwb Jb   nwb  tan Jb 

ex eccentricity between the centroid of the bolts and the beam end.
nwb number of web bolts.
nwsp  2 number of web shear plane.

Shear force in “y” direction per shear plane due to external shear:

VEd
VyV,Ed 
nwsp  nwb

Shear force in “y” direction per shear plane due to torsion:

V  e   x
VyT,Ed   Ed x  max
nwsp  Jb

Shear force in “x” direction per shear plane due to external in web axial force:

 N Nw,Ed VEd
Vx ,Ed
w , Ed
 
 nwsp  nwb nwsp  nwb  tan

 Ab  2  bbf  tbf
Nw,Ed   NEd
 A b
  
  arctan  VEd 
  Nw,Ed 

Shear force in “x” direction per shear plane due to torsion:

V  e   y
VxT,Ed   Ed x  max
nwsp  Jb

Total shear force per shear plane due to shear, axial force and torsion:

 2 2
R  VEd   1 e x   1 e y 
 b n   x max     x max   Fv,Rd
 wsp  nwb Jb   nwb  tan Jb 

 Jb   xi
 i
2
  yi2 
© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved
 Connection Design 38

Shear bearing resistance of beam web §Table 3.4:

1
VRd,2 
2 2
 1 ex  xmax   1 ex  ymax 
n  Jb   n  tan  Jb 
 wb    wb 
 Fy ,b,bw,Rd   Fx ,b,bw,Rd 
   
   

Bearing resistance in “x” direction:

 x,bw  kx,bw  dwb  tbw  fu

Fx,b,bw,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:


 e2,bw p2,bw 1  
 x,bw  min  ;  ; 1
 3  d0,wb 3  d0,wb 4
 


Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:


 p 

kx,bw  min 1.4  1,bw  1.7 ; 2.5

 d0,wb 


Bearing resistance in “y” direction:

 y ,bw  ky ,bw  dwb  tbw  fu

Fy ,b,bw,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:


 p1,bw 1  
 y ,bw  min   ; 1
 3  d0,wb 4
 


© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 39

Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:


 e p 

ky ,bw  min 2.8  2,bw  1.7 ; 1.4  2,bw  1.7 ; 2.5

 d0,wb d0,wb 


tbw thickness of the beam web.

dwb diameter of the web bolts.
d0,wb hole diameter of the web bolts.

Shear bearing resistance of the web cover plates §Table 3.4:

1
VRd,3 
2 2
 1 ex  xmax   1 ex  ymax 
n  Jb   n  tan  Jb 
 wb    wb 
 Fy ,b,wcp,Rd   Fx ,b,wcp,Rd 
   
   

Bearing resistance in “x” direction:

 x,wcp  kx,wcp  dwb   2  twcp   fu

Fx,b,wcp,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:


 e2,wcp p2,wcp 1  
 x,wcp  min  ;  ; 1
 3  d0,wb 3  d0,wb 4
 


Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:


 e p 

kx,wcp  min 2.8  1,wcp  1.7 ; 1.4  1,wcp  1.7 ; 2.5

 d0,wb d0,wb 

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved
 Connection Design 40

Bearing resistance in “y” direction:

 y ,wcp  ky ,wcp  dwb   2  twcp   fu

Fy ,b,wcp,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:

 e1,wcp
 p1,wcp 1  
 y ,wcp  min  ;  ; 1
 3  d0,wb 3  d0,wb 4
 


Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:


 e p 

ky ,wcp  min 2.8  2,wcp  1.7 ; 1.4  2,wcp  1.7 ; 2.5

 d0,wb d0,wb 


twcp thickness of a single web cover plate.

dwb diameter of the web bolts.
d0,wb hole diameter of the web bolts.

Cover plates in shear and tension (gross section):

If VEd  0.5  Vpl ,Rd then:

Vw,Rd,4 

hwcp  2  twcp  fy   VEd
1.27  3   M0

Nw,Rd,1 

hwcp  2  twcp  fy   Nw,Ed 
Ab  2  bbf  tbf
 NEd
 M0 Ab

If VEd  0.5  Vpl ,Rd then:

Vw,Rd,4 

hwcp  2  twcp  fy   VEd
1.27  3   M0

Nw,Rd,1 
  1 

hwcp  2  twcp  fy   2  VEd  
2
A  2  bbf  tbf
 1   Nw,Ed  b  NEd
 M0   Vpl ,Rd  
  A b


© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 41

Cover plates in shear and tension (net section):

If VEd  0.5  Vpl ,Rd then:

Vw,Rd,5 
h wcp 
 nb,v  d0  2  twcp  fu   VEd
3   M2

Nw,Rd,2 
 
0.9  hwcp  nb,v  d0  2  twcp  fu   Nw,Ed
 M2

If VEd  0.5  Vpl ,Rd then:

Vw,Rd,5 
h wcp 
 nb,v  d0  2  twcp  fu   VEd
3   M2

Nw,Rd,2 
 
0.9  hwcp  nb,v  d0  2  twcp  fu   2  VEd  
 1 
 2

 1   Nw,Ed
 M2   Vpl ,Rd  
 


Beam web in shear and tension (net section):

If VEd  0.5  Vpl ,Rd then:

hwcp  tbw  fy
Vw,Rd,6   VEd
1.27  3   M0

hwcp  tbw  fy
Nw,Rd,3   Nw,Ed
 M0

If VEd  0.5  Vpl ,Rd then:

hwcp  tbw  fy
Vw,Rd,6   VEd
1.27  3   M0

hwcp  tbw  fy   2  VEd  

2

Nw,Rd,3   1   1   Nw,Ed

 M0   Vpl ,Rd  
 


© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 42

Beam web in shear and tension (net section):

If VEd  0.5  Vpl ,Rd then:

Vw,Rd,7 
h wcp 
 nb,v  d0  tbw  fu
 VEd
3   M2

Nw,Rd,4 

0.9  hwcp  nb,v  d0  tbw  fu   Nw,Ed
 M2

If VEd  0.5  Vpl ,Rd then:

Vw,Rd,7 
h wcp 
 nb,v  d0  tbw  fu
 VEd
3   M2

Nw,Rd,4 
 
0.9  hwcp  nb,v  d0  tbw  fu   2  VEd  
 1 
2

 1   Nw,Ed
 M2   Vpl ,Rd  
 


Cover plates in shear and tension (block tearing):

If VEd  0.5  Vpl ,Rd then:

0.5  Ant ,wcp  fu Anv,wcp  fy

Vw,Rd,8    VEd
 M2 3   M0

 nt ,wcp  f
A  nv,wcp  f
A y
Nw,Rd,5  u
  Nw,Ed
 M2 3   M0

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 43

If VEd  0.5  Vpl ,Rd then:

0.5  Ant ,wcp  fu Anv,wcp  fy

Vw,Rd,8    VEd
 M2 3   M0

A nt ,wcp  f A  nv,wcp  f    2  V 

2

  1   1   Nw,Ed
y
Nw,Rd,5  u
 Ed

  M2 3   M0    Vpl ,Rd  
 


Ant ,wcp net area subjected to tension:

Ant,wcp  e2,wcp   nb,h  1  p2,wcp   nb,h  0.5  d0,wb   2  twcp  

Anv,wcp net area subjected to shear:

Anv,wcp  hwcp  e1,wcp   nb,v  0.5  d0,wb   2  twcp  

 nt ,wcp
A net area subjected to tension:

 nt,wcp   n  1  p
A  b,v 1,wcp   nb,v  1  d0,wb   2  twcp
  
 nv,wcp
A net area subjected to shear:

 nv,wcp  2  e2,wcp   n  1  p
A
 b,h 2,wcp   nb,h  0.5   d0,wb   2  twcp
  
nb,h number of bolts in a single horizontal line.
nb,v number of bolts in a single vertical line.

Beam web in shear and tension (block tearing):

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 44

If VEd  0.5  Vpl ,Rd then:

0.5  Ant ,bw  fu Anv,bw  fy

Vw,Rd,9    VEd
 M2 3   M0

 nt ,bw  f
A  nv,bw  f
A y
Nw,Rd,6  u
  Nw,Ed
 M2 3   M0

If VEd  0.5  Vpl ,Rd then:

0.5  Ant ,bw  fu Anv,bw  fy

Vw,Rd,9    VEd
 M2 3   M0

A  nt ,bw  f A  nv,bw  f    2  V  
2

  1   1   Nw,Ed
y
Nw,Rd,6  u
 Ed

 3     V  
 M2 M0 
  pl ,Rd  

Ant ,bw net area subjected to tension:

Ant,bw  e2,bw   nb,h  1  p2,bw   nb,h  0.5  d0,wb   tbw

Anv,bw net area subjected to shear:

Anv,bw  e1,bw   nb,v  1  p1,bw   nb,v  0.5  d0,wb   tbw

 nt ,bw
A net area subjected to tension:

 nt,bw   n  1  p   n  1  d   t
A  b,v 1,bw b,v 0,wb  bw

 nv,bw
A net area subjected to shear:

 2,bw   nb,h  1  p2,bw   nb,h  0.5  d0,wb   tbw

 nv,bw  2  e
A 

nb,h number of bolts in a single horizontal line.

nb,v number of bolts in a single vertical line.

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 45

ANGLES CONNECTION – Type A

Shear resistance per shear plane §Table 3.4:

 v  As  fub
Fv,Rd 
 M2

 v  0.6 for classes 8.8

 v  0.5 for classes 10.9
As area of the bolts
fub ultimate tensile strength
 M2  1.25 safety factor

Shear bolt resistance §3.6.1:

n  Fv,Rd
NRd,1 
2 2
 1   ey  xmax 
   
 nb   Jb 

ey eccentricity between the centroid of the bolts and the angle centroid.
nb number of bolts.
n  1 for a single angle
n number of shear plane: 
n  2 for double angles

Shear force in “x” direction per shear plane due to external axial force:

NEd
VxN,Ed 
n  nb

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 46

Shear force in “y” direction per shear plane due to torsion:

 NEd  ey   xmax
VyT,Ed  
n  Jb

Total shear force per shear plane due to axial force and torsion:

2 2
N  1  e x 
Rb  Ed      y max   Fv,Rd
n  nb   Jb 

Bolts polar moment calculated in the centroid of the bolts:

Jb   xi2
i
 
Bearing angle resistance:

1
NRd,2 
2 2
 1   ey  xmax 
 n   Jb

 b   
 Fx ,b,Rd   Fy ,b,Rd 
   
   

Bearing resistance in “x” direction:

 x  kx  d   n  ta   fu
Fx,b,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:

 e1 p1 1 
 x  min  ;  ; 1
 3  d0 3  d0 4 

Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:

 e 
kx  min 2.8  2  1.7 ; 2.5
 d0 

ta thickness of a single angle

n  1 for a single angle

n number of shear plane: 
n  2 for double angles

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 47

Bearing resistance in “y” direction:

 y  ky  d   n  ta   fu
Fy ,b,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:

 e2 
 y  min  ; 1
 3  d0 

Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:

 e p 
ky  min 2.8  1  1.7 ; 1.4  1  1.7 ; 2.5
 d0 d0 

ta thickness of a single angle

n  1 for a single angle

n number of shear plane: 
n  2 for double angles

Bearing plate resistance:

1
NRd,3 
2 2
 1   ey  xmax 
 n   Jb

 b   
 F x ,b,Rd   F y ,b,Rd 
   
   

Bearing resistance in “x” direction:

 x  k x  d  tp  fu
F x ,b,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:


 e1 p1 1  
 x  min  ;  ; 1
 3  d0 3  d0 4 
 

Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:


 e2,min 

k x  min 2.8   1.7 ; 2.5

 d0 


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 Connection Design 48

tp thickness of the plate

Bearing resistance in “y” direction:

 y  ky  d  tp  fu
Fy ,b,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:

 e2,min 
 
 y  min  ; 1
 3  d0 
 

Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:


 e1 p 

ky  min 2.8   1.7 ; 1.4  1  1.7 ; 2.5

 d0 d0 


tp thickness of the plate

Single angle in tension (net section):

Angle with one single bolt:

2   e2  0.5  d0   ta  fu
 ,4 
NRd
 M2

Angle with two bolts:

2   Aa  d0  ta   fu  2  0.4
 p1  2.5  d0
 ,4 
NRd 
 M2  2  0.7
 p1  5.0  d0

Angle with three or more bolts:

3   Aa  d0  ta   fu  3  0.5
 p1  2.5  d0
 ,4 
NRd 
 M2  3  0.7
 p1  5.0  d0

Aa area of a single angle

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 49

Double angle in tension (net section):

0.9  2   Aa  d0  ta    fu
NRd,4 
 M2

Angle in tension (gross section):

n  Aa  fy
NRd,5 
 M0

n  1 for a single angle

n 
n  2 for double angles

Plate in tension (net section):

hp  2  p1   nb  1  tan  30 

0.9  2  p1   nb  1  tan  30   d0   tp  fu

NRd,6 
 M2

Plate in tension (gross section):

hp  2  p1   nb  1  tan  30 

2  p1   nb  1  tan  30   tp   fy
NRd,7  
 M0

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 Connection Design 50

Angle in shear and tension (block tearing):

 nt  f
0.5  A  nv  f
A y
NRd,8  u

 M2 3   M0

 nt
A net area subjected to tension:

 nt  n  e  d0   t
A  2 2 a
 

 nv
A net area subjected to shear:

 nv  n  e   n  1  p   n  0.5  d   t
A  1 b 1 b 0 a

Joint flange resistance:

Nj ,Rd  minNRd,1;...; NRd,8 

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 Connection Design 51

ANGLES CONNECTION – Type B

Shear resistance per shear plane §Table 3.4:

 v  As  fub
Fv,Rd 
 M2

 v  0.6 for classes 8.8

 v  0.5 for classes 10.9
As area of the bolts
fub ultimate tensile strength
 M2  1.25 safety factor

Shear bolt resistance §3.6.1:

na  Fv,Rd
NRd,1 
2 2
 1   ey  xmax 
    
 nb,a   Jb,a 

ey eccentricity between the centroid of the bolts and the angle centroid.
nb,a number of bolts “in a single angle”.
na number of angles.

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 Connection Design 52

Bearing angle resistance:

na
NRd,2 
2 2
 1   ey  xmax 
 n   Jb

 b,a    
 Fx ,b,Rd   Fy ,b,Rd 
   
   

Bearing resistance in “x” direction:

 x  kx  d  ta  fu
Fx,b,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:

 e1 p1 1 
 x  min  ;  ; 1
 3  d0 3  d0 4 

Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:

 e 
kx  min 2.8  2  1.7 ; 2.5
 d0 

ta thickness of a single angle

Bearing resistance in “y” direction:

 y  ky  d  ta  fu
Fy ,b,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:

 e2 
 y  min  ; 1
 3  d0 

Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:

 e p 
ky  min 2.8  1  1.7 ; 1.4  1  1.7 ; 2.5
 d0 d0 

ta thickness of a single angle

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 Connection Design 53

Bearing plate resistance:

na
NRd,3 
2 2
 1   ey  xmax 
 n   Jb

 b,a    
 F x ,b,Rd   F y ,b,Rd 
   
   

Bearing resistance in “x” direction:

 x  k x  d  tp  fu
F x ,b,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:

 e1
 p1 1  
 x  min  ;  ; 1
 3  d0 3  d0 4 
 

Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:


 e2,min 

k x  min 2.8   1.7 ; 2.5

 d0 


tp thickness of the plate

Bearing resistance in “y” direction:

 y  ky  d  tp  fu
Fy ,b,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:

 e2,min 
 
 y  min  ; 1
 3  d0 
 

Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:


 e1 p 

ky  min 2.8   1.7 ; 1.4  1  1.7 ; 2.5

 d0 d0 


© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 54

Single angle in tension (net section):

Angle with one single bolt:

2   e2  0.5  d0   ta  fu
 ,4 
NRd
 M2

Angle with two bolts:

2   Aa  d0  ta   fu  2  0.4
 p1  2.5  d0
 ,4 
NRd 
 M2  2  0.7
 p1  5.0  d0

Angle with three or more bolts:

3   Aa  d0  ta   fu  3  0.5
 p1  2.5  d0
 ,4 
NRd 
 M2  3  0.7
 p1  5.0  d0

Aa area of a single angle

Double angle in tension (net section):

0.9  2   Aa  d0  ta    fu
NRd,4 
 M2

Angle in tension (gross section):

na  Aa  fy
NRd,5 
 M0

Plate in tension (net section):

hp  2  p1   nb  1  tan  30 

0.9  2  p1   nb  1  tan  30   d0   tp  fu

NRd,6  na 
 M2

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 Connection Design 55

Plate in tension (gross section):

hp  2  p1   nb  1  tan  30 

2  p1   nb  1  tan  30   tp   fy
NRd,7  na  
 M0

Angle in shear and tension (block tearing):

 0.5  A
 nt  f  nv  f 
A y
NRd,8  na   u
 
  M2 3   M0 

 nt
A net area subjected to tension:

 nt  e  d0   t
A  2 2 a
 

 nv
A net area subjected to shear:

 nv  e   n  1  p   n  0.5  d   t
A  1 b 1 b 0 a

Joint flange resistance:

Nj ,Rd  minNRd,1;...; NRd,8 

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 Connection Design 56

END PLATE CONNECTION

Shear resistance per shear plane §Table 3.4:

 v  As  fub
Fv,Rd 
 M2

 v  0.6 for classes 8.8

 v  0.5 for classes 10.9
As area of the bolts
fub ultimate tensile strength
 M2  1.25 safety factor

Tension resistance §Table 3.4:

0.9  As  fub
Ft ,Rd 
 M2

As area of the bolts

fub ultimate tensile strength
 M2  1.25 safety factor

Shear bolt resistance:

VRd,1  nb  Fv,Rd

Tension bolt resistance:

NRd,1  nb  Ft,Rd

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 Connection Design 57

Bolt in shear and tension check:

VEd NEd
  1.00
VRd,1 1.4  NRd,1

End plate in bearing:

VRd,2  nb  Fy ,b,Rd

Bearing resistance in “y” direction:

 y  ky  d  tp  fu
Fy ,b,Rd 
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:

 e1 p1 1 
 y  min  ;  ; 1
 3  d0 3  d0 4 

Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:

 e 
ky  min 2.8  2  1.7 ; 2.5
 d0 

Supporting member in bearing:

VRd,3  nb  Fy ,b,Rd

Bearing resistance in “y” direction:

 y  ky  d  tcf ,s  fu
Fy ,b,Rd  for column flange tcf ,s : column flange thickness
 M2
 y  ky  d  tcw,s  fu
Fy ,b,Rd  for column web tcw,s : column web thickness
 M2
 y  ky  d  tbw,s  fu
Fy ,b,Rd  for beam web tbf ,s : supporting beam web thickness
 M2

Bearing coefficient in the direction of load transfer:

 p1 1 
 y  min   ; 1
 3  d0 4 
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 Connection Design 58

Bearing coefficient perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:

 e 
ky  min 2.8  2,c  1.7 ; 2.5 for column flange
 d0 

 p 
ky  min 1.4  3  1.7 ; 2.5 for column web and beam web
 d0 

End plate in shear (gross section):

VRd,4  2 
h p 
 tp  fy
1.27  3   M0

End plate in shear (net section):

VRd,5  2 
h p 
 d0  nb,v  tp  fu
3   M2

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 Connection Design 59

End plate in shear (block shear):

 0.5  Ant  fu A f 
VRd,6  2    nv y 
  M2 3   M0 

Ant net area subjected to tension:

 d 
Ant  e2  0   tp
 2

Anv net area subjected to shear:

Anv  e1   nb,v  1  p1   nb,v  0.5  d0   tp

End plate in bending (in plane):

 t  h2 
2   p p   fy
 6 
VRd,7  
s   M0

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 Connection Design 60

Bending moment (in plane): MEd  0.5  VEd  s

tp  hp2 fy
Bending resistance: MRd  
6  M0

Supported beam in shear:

0.9  twb  hp  fy
VRd,8 
3   M0

tbw thickness of the supported beam

End plate in bending (out of plane):

NRd,2  min FT ,1,Rd ; FT ,2,Rd 

Geometry definition:

p3  tbw  2  0.8  ag  2
m ag : throat thickness of the web fillet weld
2

n  mine2 ; e2,c ; 1.25  m

Effective lengths for the end – plate:

Leff ,1  2    m  p1   2   nb,v  2   p1

2   2  m  0.625  e2  0.5  p1    nb,v  2   p1


Leff ,2  min 
2    m  p1   2   nb,v  2   p1


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 Connection Design 61

Plastic moment for the end – plate:

0.25  Leff ,1  tp2  fy

Mpl ,1,Rd 
 M0

0.25  Leff ,2  tp2  fy

Mpl ,2,Rd 
 M0

Design resistance of a T – stub flange:

4  Mpl,1,Rd
FT ,1,Rd 
m

2  Mpl ,2,Rd  n  NRd,1

FT ,2,Rd 
m n

Beam web in tension:

tbw  hp  fy
NRd,3 
 M0

hp height of the plate (conservatively).

Joint resistance:

Vpl,Rd design plastic resistance of the beam

Vj ,Rd  minVRd,1;; VRd,8   VEd


If VEd  0.5  Vpl ,Rd then 
Nj ,Rd  minNRd,1;; NRd,3   NEd




Vj ,Rd  minVRd,1; ; VRd,8   VEd

If VEd  0.5  Vpl ,Rd then Nj ,Rd  minNRd,1; ; NRd,3   1    NEd
 2
  2  VEd 
    1 §6.2.10 EC.3
  Vpl ,Rd 

End

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved

 Connection Design 62

© Edit by Simone Caffè: This material is copyright - all rights reserved