CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
PROJECT ALT: The production of paper using Mangifera Indica (Mango Peels) as an Alternative
Presented by
AQUE, Ann Chyrille M.
DUNGOG, Heart Trixie L.
CERBITO, Lila Nadine B.
9-(SAC) Cardente
October 2022
Paper has always played a significant role in our daily lives; it became necessary not only for work but
also for other basic needs. Its manufacture, however, has an impact on our ecosystem, particularly the
trees. Our trees are fewer today since wood is a common raw material utilized in the production of
paper and other productions as well.
The purpose of this research project is to create paper using Mangifera indica as its primary raw
material. Mangifera indica have a 30% cellulose percentage and 16% lignin content, both of which are
beneficial ingredients for paper production. Through this investigation, we plan to ascertain
whether Mangifera indica (mango peels) is suitable for use as an alternative paper source.
Save Our Planet: Use Leaf Straw Ling Tze Lynn1 , Tee Le Xuan2 , Lee En Hui3 , Chew Yee Sheng4 , Chong
Yuek Ferng5 , and Tan Yong Chee6
This research focuses on using leaves as an alternative straw. Five common leaves in Malaysia, namely
oil palm leaf, banana leaf, pandan leaf, coconut leaf, and corn leaf, were selected for potential leaf straw
production. Preliminary studies showed that only banana leaf, pandan leaf, and corn leaf had minimal
effects on water, particularly in terms of color. These three leaf straws then underwent water quality
analysis, including pH value, water conductivity, and total dissolved solids (TDS). Throughout the one-
hour analysis, the pH value of the water dropped slightly from 6.85 to around 6.50, water conductivity
varied between 155 and 95 μS/cm, while TDS varied from 105 to 65 ppm. Overall, the results indicated
that all three types of leaf straws had no significant effect on water quality. In conclusion, the research
demonstrated the potential of using banana leaf, corn leaf, and pandan leaf as suitable alternatives to
plastic straws in Malaysia. These biodegradable leaf straws have a minimal impact on water quality,
making them environmentally-friendly choices for everyday use.