Approaches and
Techniques of
Teaching English
Using TLM
Teaching Methods
• The Direct Method
• All teaching occurs in the target language, encouraging the
learner to think in that [Link] native language used
Instructors do not stress rigid grammar rules but teach it
indirectly through induction. Focus is good pronunciation and
the development of oral skills.
• The Grammar Translation Method.
Works by translating to and from the target language.
Instructors encourage the learner to memorize grammar
rules and vocabulary lists. There is little or no focus on
speaking and listening. Teachers conduct classes in the
student’s native language with this ESL teaching method.
The Audio Lingual Method.
Students learn primarily through pattern drills, particularly dialogues, to help
students practice and memorize the language.
There are four types of dialogues utilized in this method:
Repetition, in which the student repeats the teacher’s statement exactly
Inflection where one of the words appears in a different form from the previous
sentence
Replacement, which involves one word being replaced with another
Restatement, where the learner rephrases the teacher’s statement
The Structural Approach
Proponents of the structural approach understand language as a set of grammatical
rules It focuses on building one skill on top of another, instead of memorizing
vocabulary. This is similar to how young children learn a new language naturally.
The structural approach teaches all four central language skills: listening, speaking,
reading, and writing.
Total Physical Response It combines language and physical movements for a
comprehensive learning experience Basically by responding to certain commands eg,
Simon Says
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) focuses on learning to communicate in the
target language instead of emphasizing the mastery of grammar. Techniques used are
Role-play, interviews, group work, and opinion sharing are popular activities practiced
in communicative language teaching, along with games like scavenger hunts
and information gap exercises that promote student interaction.
Natural Approach aims to mimic natural language learning with a focus on
communication and instruction through exposure. Commonly used practices in the
natural approach are problem-solving activities, learning games, affective-humanistic
tasks that involve the students’ own ideas, and content practices that synthesize
various subject matter, like culture.
Task Based Learning (TBL) students complete real-world tasks using their target
language. Encourages fluency . Tasks could be of 3 types
Information gap, or activities that involve the transfer of information from one person,
place, or form to another.
Reasoning gap works to discover new knowledge from a given set of information using
inference, reasoning, perception, and deduction.
Opinion gap activities, in which students react to a particular situation by expressing
their feelings or opinions.
It’s considered to be a modern method of teaching English.
The Silent Way the teacher talks as little as possible, with the idea that students learn
best when discovering things on their own. Learners are encouraged to be
independent and to discover and figure out language on their own.
Bilingual Method
uses two languages in the classroom, the mother tongue and the target language.
What is TLM
In the field of education, TLM is a commonly used acronym that stands for
"teaching/learning materials." Broadly, the term refers to a spectrum of
educational materials that teachers use in the classroom to support specific
learning objectives, as set out in lesson plans. These can be games, videos,
flashcards, project supplies, and more.
Teachers can make their classes really intriguing and more significant for the
students by utilizing a few articles or materials to help their verbal depictions.
Utilizing an enormous assortment of materials is found to improve better
comprehension of ideas and for making learning seriously
fascinating. Teaching-learning material is also called Instructional material or
Teaching Aids.
Types of TLM
Visuals Aids: Blackboard, Posters, Flashcards, Presentations,
Printed textbooks, Graphs and Infographics
Audio Aids: Radio, Tape-recorder and CDs
Audio-visual aids: Videos, Video recordings, Films and
Documentaries, Virtual Classrooms
Language Laboratory The language lab is a aid in modern
language teaching. It is an audio or audio visual installation
Computer-Assisted Learning: Pre-recorded DVDs, CDs, online
quizzes, ebooks, podcasts and blogs
TLM use in English Language
Teaching
• Story Books. Story books make great teaching-learning
materials.
• Puppets
• Charts
• Toys
• Objects
• Create a speaking corner
• Videos.
• Games.
• Flashcards.
• Overhead Projector Transparencies.
• Computer Software and Apps.
• Communication – questions / decsription etc