CH APTER-3
ELECTRoCHEMLSTR Y
Seni Condutorc
&Canductos, Toaulatox and
alleu eled cea
Cantuctos Subtan cas which
to pas tough tkoom
Conducstors
yMedalic Conduc t
Conduetoxs chtc cOnduet olectieity
mevohrtD [Link]
due te
matter Calle
witheut transfer
metalli conductor
MetalsAllay
FlectlyiConductes Conductrs
wsbicb cobduct electcit
due to tha movoment eithe
fusedctate solutipn.
Lcaled Conduchrt
Acde Bases
Flnsulatrs) Subtan eb uohica hot allou
to
elect cusent
Caled
pas hvog
Lnsults
Rubher lalood
Semconduetas Substance uhich have conducdirity
beteon Conductors an tnoulaturs
knoun emicancduedurs,
Eq:S, Ga GnaAs
ElectlyteSubatana. which Con uct
electHcty
eitha in hsel State(moten state)
aqueous oelectior knon
electo ytss
EgAcids, Bases Agueoussottons metallic
stong Elacalyteshich
elecata iOnise
at aoderate dilutiens and almostcompletd
Ahaw higlh aonductivity
ayre 2 calledtongeldalytes.
aaleak
elecdagtesi which ionise
Ailuion
Fleceoltes
and Ahaw lo condnchrihy-partiag are
at
Caloe
modarate
weak
BNon Electolytea Subetances whichdo not conlut electicfty
eiter in fused stte
aqueus.
olution am knon non
Gluoe sdution, Urea Soutin, Benyene
betweon Metalà
DItingutsh beteaa MetalR Cmudutia and Eleetrlytic
Crnduion.
Metallic Conductio flectvoytfe Conductton
Conduc4ion is de to theConduc tin isde
flw ot electons
2Cteetrons lew fom Lons move toarcds
elecnday
egative end te posthive [Link] chargud
3There is ho fla matter There is fla t matter
he elecicalconductane the eloaticalconduetanee
decreaes mth hcrerse dE increases incroa
tempecune. tempenture
&a,Al araphite
Électndysis is define as -poces
de compcitiz eletlyta eitfein tRe fused
tate aqeoussdutian
Husedodium chletáde
Pinciple
offed elium chleida
Elecdalit
ntanbdo and
platinum electolas. gives chluána gas
oium metl at cathla.
Erplanationi eleciroytain
Na ceis tcaken
platinum electno des. aredipped.
electroytte cel Cel The
conne cded
tae fusedNac, The One platinunn
fernelas anode
tapoative terminal
and the anotaer platnum eoQ Conn eted to negetie
cortaaee.
terminal t the bottary terme
taeSolutiM,
alhen electicty is passed thgk
Nat ions move towards cathdo and
is liberatel at anode
anoda Thus chlone
andl Sadiuon metal iidepoted at cathde
Platinum
Plat in um (Cataode )
CAnode) Na rme tal
Ele cdroe
(tues Nace)
Daniel
Coll
eleatcal into
ical Conver to used uhich deice
galanicall
lectche
al voltaic A
B4)Gialvanf
Coll:
aplicatioa
WSed 4
finish durable
Fleetplating 3and
an. poduce tametal a
aned Auchas metals
res tâeir om ete
te and ZnAl talypuch
as hne
Appltcations
(eeduetina te Nat
Reaction Catade
oxidatis)
Reactin Ahade
(fusec)
C tNat NaCl
Tonistion
ReactanReact lecte
Conttian and Cell:.
One
Galvanic call cmbists f t w haf- cols.
half-cel Consis ts zincelecndsdipped i .
Zsoolu tion. The half- cel Cosists
Cepperekctode ipped Cueso,bolution
Ihetwohalfce ls Connected
alt- bidgeThe tal U- shated -tube
con taining [Link] witk
eletyte ket KNO
(4)
Salt
bridaa
CAnode) Catkecde)
sautiaa
Iine atom are oxidi sed to zinc 1os
1hey lose eetros to the ine ela ctode Hence,it
eletrode or
and khewn Oxidatin - haIf eac tion
The 2lectros fromZinc elachodde flaw thro
electode
cicuit t thacOpper
the external
solutiou -these
ions
the copper if
electrom from the copper ek ctode. Henee
IPosiiva electhocle o Yeductjon halfreheticn.
known as
Cathe an
Eleetrode reactons
i yOxidation at anole:
2+
Rolucon at cataode
Cues)
3eartiou
2 t
reaction albe called edox teactio,
Coll epresentatioa
iyIt allaut Curent
the cirauit
mantaind the electical
so lutio. neutalt
S4solctions
Pevents the physicalaixigflow
half cels and allow
Stalvan+c Ce lb
3sDitingud bet ween
Electoytt. Cell and
Galvanic Cel
Flectytic Cal
1In t6is eleetial Bn tfis,chemical
converted Conveted into eeethcal
chemical
2n tiis anOde iS Positive n tais anod is negatv
eletpcle and cathode electrode and cathocle
ative electosle positie electrode
hegati
3Salt -
The is ireYersible pecess eve ible ana
Qnd not pautaneous Spontneous
this cell iapotive
aBatte
congists mono
electochemical
electocheaical calltRat
deico
Conve ts
chemical ennergy into
elatienett
4 i mainy
batteDes
Can not
and rewe
These ane
TRese hattenes
alse called
an-ahang eatle
non-eehany batteiey,
Lateies
battenes, cau cell
Eg Alkaline
) Sacanddamy botteriesi and wel
esable
These battees ane
ane also Caled as
bottessea
bodea oad-acid
-and Applicioas.
eCotuctHad, alakig
Dr laetonche eell
shikconeetk chemica
Cell
pimat
to
Constnuctious
at t e e n t e
graphite
consiss 8t
paste
Made starch
Anode Zinc cabe
athode Giraplaiteuunded by Mnl,
A+ anode
Coxtdatiou)
(Reduc tion)
NHgc t 20H NH, t 2H,0+ 2C
ZnttNH, 2cZNHs)Cls
et Teactibn!
Aplicati aMA!
These ubed in Hash ligl
Agats tansistoc radios
and calcnlatos eto.
Gtraohite
inc od Gilos Container
Dnitio/
yloge-Or Coll
hiel
ohica
cel:
convay s chermical
Cell
nto
electialhat
’ Oxtdaiou produts lactial en
xample HydrogeOgn huelcel.
Comtlion
Anode Catde
Tt Consists ot platinum coateol gTaphiteas
|anode and hictea
coated qraphite as cathote
leshich i immesed koH
and
elecvoyte
bubbled.
anode and Cathod compaxt ments
A+ (Oxt dation)
A+ (Reduc tiou)
LApplicaiows:
OThese
n space vehieles and
andAubnaaìnes
auiliaystt bource
tiese wbad as Source
Aransprtotton.
(2) these pee Rne tatia
do mes ic and tndustial prpse
eRwmDo Battey
LiHRiuraLan Batteny is a deice which
able ta stoe electia eagt chemical
and Converf nta electacatg
Costan'
itkiunnon botteses Cohsist
Rachagaie
math icompohant
D CatRodei itBium medal oide
qeaphite inda
ohehat relddiHon and HAium netral to back
d are anode te tahack migrata
to and
thode Cobalt thium
eell.
bo Can
These
ti
(i-)
oxidatiou) anode" At
ohile oaetions Flethode
ng
|AHod atfo
e btuweSA Contact the prerentslHkiusn Flectelyte i)
nade Carba etylene and
Salt
Aplicationa
Ihese Are used
-) inpotable davices. Such As cel phonesy
Waist
[Link] laptopcomputars
) in
aueipae technlegtea
vehicles medical derices
lead
Batteg
secondart tall ushich consists 3t bota
discharqng and. Charging componesnt
Thia conevt chemial eegg to elactiuleeg
electochemial calandconvert electical
into chemical enexgt byachng
Contmc lion:
consists lead as anode and PbO,
coatea lead Cathode, immersed in 20). t,so
eleetrale
docking:
While diachaggit Can act aneleetochami
Call and convertschemical into
electi. cal het
A+ anode: p b P b + 2e
P 40’Pbso,
EMEof hecelll8 22 V
(+)
Anocle
PA
H, SOa
H,o
Load tuscqe ttey
The eacian shewS when both electrles.
get eposita wth lead Aulphate. At thi
iA aid to be alaad
battey
hile
ellhich conyerts xchargingeleetical 4can act a
into
elechegtt
chemi cal
Sireaicn
Aanode Phso, Pb t So t2e
At Cathocdei PbsO4 t2H,0 tae PbO, + 4Ht +SO
Net eactioni 2Pbso,t 2Ha0 Pb+ Pbl t 2hs
I
(+)
Catlole Anote
Pho
Ckaglng end dtomge Batey
Agplicatiaaci
for ela ctical Va hicles
La telaphoeexchaages, mined, haspitala
aPinay CSinglase) BatHterica c a d n these
is podu
Keactiou between adiM
electicy
ecoudany (rechageabe) BatterA)
ced ia these
the electricity spodu
battehes dueto
is iucoxporated
graphte Anode
4eCathode