6.
1 : Reflection
6.2 : Refraction
6.3 : Making Rainbows
6.4 : Colours of Light
Light is a form of energy which helps us to see objects.
When light falls on objects, it reflects the light and when reflected light reaches our
eyes then we see the objects.
Luminous objects are the source of light . ( they emit their own light )
Sun fire bulb
Objects that do not give out light are non luminous. E.g moon , book
We see non luminous objects because they reflect light to our eyes.
Light travels in straight line. A beam of light is called ray.
● Shadow and rainbow formation , reflection and refraction are some common
phenomena of light.
6.1 : Reflection of Light ( Bouncing of light )
● When light falls on a highly polished surface like a mirror ,most of the light is sent back
into the same medium. This process is called reflection of light.( Bouncing of light )
v
INCIDENT RAY:
The ray of light that strikes the surface is called the incident ray.
NORMAL:
The perpendicular drawn to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence is called normal.
REFLECTED RAY:
The ray of light which is turned back after reflection into the same medium is called the
reflected ray.
ANGLE OF INCIDENCE:
The angle between the incident ray and the normal to the surface is called angle of incidence.
ANGLE OF REFLECTION:
The angle between the reflected ray and normal to the surface is called the angle of
reflection..
LAWS OF REFLECTION OF LIGHT :
i) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
Types of Reflection
1. Regular Reflection
Reflection produced by a smooth , flat surface. E.g. mirror the rays leave the surface parallel
to each other. We can see a clear image in regular reflection .
2. Irregular Reflection/ Diffused reflection
It is produce when the rays are reflected in many different directions by an uneven surface.
e.g paper. It does not produce an image at all or if produced it’s distorted.
6.2 :Refraction of light (Bending of Light )
⚫ . Refraction is bending of light when it enters from one transparent medium to another.
⚫ A) If the light enters from rarer (air ) to denser ( glass ) medium it moves towards
normal ( speed decreases ).
⚫ B) If the light enters from denser (glass ) to rarer (air ) medium it moves away from
normal ( speed increases ).
⚫ C) If the light enters at 90 degrees there will be no refraction.
Examples of Refraction:
6.3 :The spectrum of white light (Dispersion )
⚫ The splitting of white light into a band of seven constituent colours ( spectrum ) on
passing through a prism is called dispersion of light.
⚫ Reason for dispersion: Dispersion happens because of refraction(different colours
travel at different speed) some colours bend more than others and go in different
directions.
e.g. rainbow formation
6.4 : Colours of light
● Primary colours of light (red , green and blue ) add to make white light
● Scondary colours of light ( yellow , cyan and magenta ) are formed by mixing two
primary colours .
● Television & phone screens use the colour addition . We can get all different colours by
changing the brightness of these primary colours.
White
White
Reflecting colored light ( Color subtraction )
What is a FILTER ?
● A filter is a piece of coloured plastic or glass.
● To make coloured light, a filter is placed in front of a bright light.
● It only lets through some of the colours of white light and absorbs others.
Seeing Colours:
Objects look different colors because they reflect some colors of light and absorb
others.
The color of an opaque object is the color of the light it reflects .
Objects appear black in white light because they absorb all colours and reflect
none. Objects appear white as they reflect all the colors of white light .
Objects also appear black in any single colour of light if their colour is not the
same as the light.
For example, a green object appears black in any other light than green (or white
which contains green) because there is no green light shining on it to reflect into
your eyes.