CASE STUDY

Objective
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Selection of disease for case
study -
Methodology’s
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Bio profile of patient
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Chief complaint
Case history Medical History/ Medication
History

Interventions
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Care Plan
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1. Introduction

 Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders which results in high blood glucose level for a
long period resulting from defect in insulin production, insulin action or both

 Recent view on the occurrence has shown that about more than 4.7 million people suffering from
diabetes

 Diabetes symptoms are excessive thirst, frequent urination, sweating, blurred vision, sudden
weight loss, fatigue and slow healing sores.

 Mostly patient with diabetes suffer from polydispia, polyphagia and polyuria

 Diabetes is majorly of 3 types, type I, type II and gestational diabetes

Type 1 diabetes
 The body attacks the pancreas' insulin-producing cells, making it impossible for the body to
produce insulin.
 Cell producing insulin are destroyed Blood glucose increases due To lack of insulin production
 less insulin action (resistance) Commonly detected before the age of 30 years Commonly
detected after the age of 40

Type 2 diabetes
 The pancreas either doesn't produce enough insulin or the insulin it produces doesn't work
properly.
 For Type II diabetes different pills and oral medicines are used. Six classes are used for oral
diabetic medicines

Gestational diabetes
 This type of diabetes can develop during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes can cause
complications for the mother, including preeclampsia, which is characterized by high blood
pressure, swelling in the legs and feet, and too much protein in the urine.
 Gestational diabetes only occur during [Link] changes influence insulin which
cause ineffective insulin production, resulting in raised blood glucose level and that high glucose
level effects embryo
 Common choice includes a needle and syringe, insulin pen, or insulin pump. Some people who
have issue in reaching their blood glucose targets with insulin alone, need to take another type of
diabetic medicine that works with insulin, such as pramlintide

2. Case Presentation

 A 57 year old female, visited Hospital xyz with the complaints of excessive urination, sudden
weight loss, blurred vision, increased thirst, fatigue and excessive sweating. She was experiencing
these conditions from last one month.
Medical History
 Patient was also suffering from Hypertension from last 3 years.
Past Medication History
 She was using Tenormin (Atenolol) 50mg OD from last 3 year
General Examination
 Weight: 70kg
 Height: 5 foot 2 inches
 BMI: 32.01kg/m2
 Physical activity: daily work routine home
Special Investigation
 According to the reported symptoms, patient’s blood glucose level was monitored.
 At that time patient’s random blood glucose level was 196mg/dl which was beyond the normal
range of the random blood glucose level (>140mg/dl).
 Patient was also said to monitor her fasting glucose level that was 134mg/dl which was also
beyond the normal range (70-100mg/dl).
Treatment
 Neodipar-250mg BD
 (Neodipar is brand and its salt is Metformin HCL)
3. Interventions
 Drug should be taken about 5 -10 minutes before the meal. Instead of eating a lot at 3 meals,
divide total intake in 5 meals.
 Drug interaction was checked, no interaction was present b/w Atenolol and Metformin.
 For Type I diabetes different types of insulin work at different pace, and the effects last a
different duration. Insulin can be used in a number of ways.
 Common choice includes a needle and syringe, insulin pen, or insulin pump.
 Some people who have issue in reaching their blood Suggest patient to check HbA1C Level after
about every 3rd month
4. Care Plan
 Proper diet ---low sugar intake
 Exercise and walk to reduce body weight
 High fiber diet less intake of fats and carbohydrates
[Link]
 Patient used the suugested medicine Neodipar twice a day after using medicine the blood glucose
level of the patient was monitired.
 Fasting = 104mg/dl
 After meal = 140mg/dl
 Patient was advised to visit hospital if she suffers any side effect in future or, if her symptoms not
properly treated.

6. Discussion
 Patient suffering from diabetes due to many reasons, included less production of the insulin by
beta cells of the Pancreas or resistance of body against insulin, a major reason of diabetes is
genetics, majority of diabetic patient suffering from type 2 diabetes due to their genetics an
family history.
 If this condition is not properly treated or is for long term it results in cardiovascular disease,
shock, permanent damage to eye and chronic kidney disease.
 Diabetic patient should properly manage her daily dietary intake because if patient is taking oral
hypoglycemic agents as medication and not taking diet according to body need then she may
suffer from hypoglycemic state that can be more dangerous than the hyperglycemia.
 Small meals should be taken 4 to 5 time in a day instead of eating a lot at single time. Insulin or
other hypoglycemic agents should always be taken before 10 minutes of taking meal, because
medicine or external source of insulin will trigger the beta cells of the body to produce insulin
inside the body according to need of body.
 Diabetic condition can also be treated by non - pharmacological method as by doing exercise, by
stopping intake of high sugar content food.