Construction Occupational
Safety and Health
NCE 4401
Basic Safety Concepts
SAFETY
Freedom Control of
Freedom from Hazards and
from harm, Accidents in
Accidents injury, and the
loss Workplace
ACCIDENTS
An occurrence Results in
that interrupts physical harm,
the normal and damage to
orderly progress property, delay
of any activity in operation
An occurrence or an
event that is That results to
Delay on the
Unexpected performance of task
Loss or damage to
Unforeseen properties or materials
Unplanned Injury or Illness
Unwanted Death
What Causes an
Accident?
Layman’s Term
Oras na Malas
nya. lang nya
Kasama sa
trabaho. T*nga kasi
But these are not the real causes why
accidents happen. They are just EXCUSES!
The Immediate Causes of
Accidents are Classified as:
Unsafe /
Unsafe
Unhealthy
Condition
Act
Unsafe / Unhealthy
Act
A human action that is done in violation of
standard operating procedures, safe
processes, rules and regulations or
instructions.
Unsafe /Unhealthy
Act
Act of
Act of Omission
Commission
the lack of a decision to do
decision to do something although
things safely you know it is not safe
Common examples of
unsafe/unhealthy acts
Common examples of
unsafe/unhealthy acts
Unsafe / Unhealthy Act
Usually happens because of the workers’
1. Improper Attitude
2. Physical Limitations
3. Lack of Knowledge / Skills
Unsafe Condition
These are seen as the physical or
chemical property in the material,
equipment or environment that may
result in injury, illness to a person
or damage /losses to property.
Common examples of
unsafe/unhealthy condition
Common examples of
unsafe/unhealthy condition
Common examples of
unsafe/unhealthy condition
Can accidents be
prevented?
1931 – Herbert William Heinrich published the book
Industrial Accident Prevention: A Scientific
Approach
In his book, Heinrich said that..
• 98% of accidents are preventable, where
• 88% is caused by “unsafe acts of persons”
• 10% is caused by “unsafe machines/conditions”
• 2% being unavoidable
1 Accident with
Major Injury
29 Accidents with
Minor Injuries
300 Accidents
with No Injuries
1966 – Frank E. Bird modified Heinrich’s theory
1 Death
10 Serious Accidents
30 Minor Accidents
600 Accidents with No Injuries
Unsafe Acts
Roles of Safety
Officer
Section 14 of DOLE Department
Order 198 series of 2018
Frequently monitor
and inspect any health
Oversee the overall
and safety aspect of
management of the
the operation being
OSH program in
undertaken with the
coordination with the
participation of
OSH Committee
supervisors and
workers
Assist government
inspectors in the Issue Work Stoppage
conduct of accident Order (WSO) when
investigation by necessary based on
providing necessary the requirements and
information on OSH procedures provided
reports as required by by the OSH Standards
the OSH Standards
Examples of Specific Duties
and Responsibilities of a
Safety Officer
• Conduct Safety Audit and inspections and
perform full time and continuous safety
coverage monitoring of the work site
• Promote the value and appropriate behavior
of safety
• Report to and assist his site supervisor
manager in the overall implementation of
approved company Safety Plan
• Coordinate for safety, health, security
environmental issues with the client
counterpart in the field that affect day to day
operation
• Be familiar with the company established
emergency procedures
• Keep up to date with recommended codes
of practice and safety literatures
• Carry out site surveys to see that only safe
work methods are in operation, that health
safety requirements are being observed, and
welfare facilities are adequate and properly
maintained
• Determine the cause of any incident
including near misses and recommend
means of preventing their recurrence
• Circulate information to each level of
employees
• Assist site safety manager in training
employees of selected disciplines
• Supervise monitor daily toolbox meetings or
pre job instruction meetings of foremen
supervisors
• Foster within the company an understanding
that injury prevention and damage control
are an integral part of business and
operational efficiency
• Stop employees whenever unsafe acts or
conditions are noted
• Monitor and ensure compliance of field
workforce with the Permit To Work System
• Conduct Accident Investigation and
Analysis
• Perform Risk Assessment/Job Safety
Analysis/Job Hazard Analysis (JSA/
• Conduct emergency drills and simulations
• Advise site management through his
immediate superior, on the following:
• Attainable means to improve working
conditions, existing work methods and
practices
• Ways to prevent fires, injury, damage to
equipment facilities
• Contractual concerns affecting safety,
health welfare of employees
• Submit safety related reports to the
management and government regulatory
bodies
• Facilitate the provision and use of special
protective clothing and equipment for
specific tasks
• Set a personal example
Sample Safety Meetings to
be conducted by the
Safety Officer
Orientation Safety Officers
of employees Safety Meeting
weekly
Daily Toolbox
Meeting Safety
Committee
Meeting monthly
Weekly Mass
Toolbox Meeting
Daily Coordination
Supervisors Safety Meeting with
Meeting weekly Client/Contractors