University of Duhok

College of Engineering
ECE Department
(DC Machine)
Prepared by
Mr. Taha Abdal
Lecture-2-
 Ex.: A DC shunt motor takes 110 A
from 440 V supply. The resistance of
armature circuit is 0.2 ohm and that
of field circuit is 220 ohm. The
machine has 6 poles and the
armature is lap connected with 864
conductors. The flux per pole is 0.06
Wb. Calculate the speed.
 Solution:
𝑉 440
𝐼𝑓 = = = 2 A.
𝑅𝑓 220

𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼𝐿 - 𝐼𝑓 = 110 – 2 = 108 A.
E = V - 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎 = 440 – (108*0.2)= 418.4V
60 𝐸 𝐴 60 ∗418.4 ∗6
N= = = 484.26 rpm.
𝜑𝑍𝑃 0.06∗864∗6
 Ex.: A 4-pole, 500 V DC series
motor has 944 wave connected
armature conductors. The power
input is 10kW. Flux per pole =
0.036 Wb, armature resistance =
0.5 ohm and series field
resistance = 0.7 ohm. Determine
the speed of operation.
 Solution:
𝑃𝑖 10∗103
𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼𝐿 = = = 20 A.
𝑉 500
E =V-𝐼𝐿 (𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑠𝑒 )=500 -20(0.5+0.7)
= 476 V
60∗𝐸∗𝐴 60∗476∗2
N= 𝜑∗𝑍∗𝑃
= 0.036∗944∗4
=420.2 rpm
Ex.: A 440-V, shunt motor has
armature resistance of 0.8
ohm and field resistance of
200 ohm. Determine the back
e.m.f. when giving an output
of 7.46 Kw at 85 percent
efficiency. (Ans.: 425.8 V).
Ex.: A series motor runs at 600 r/m
when taking 110 A from a 250 V
supply. The resistance of the
armature circuit is 0.12 ohm and
that of the series winding is 0.03
ohm. The useful flux per pole for 120
A is 0.024 Wb and that for 50 A is
0.0155 Wb. Calculate the speed
when the current has fallen to 50 A.
(Ans.:971 r/m)
 Torque
 By the term torque is meant the turning or
twisting moment of a force about an axis. It is
measured by the product of the force and the
radius at which this force acts.
 Consider a pulley of radius r meter acted upon by
a circumferential force of F Newton which causes
it to rotate at N r.p.m.
Then, torque T = F * r Newton-meter (N-m)
 Work done by this force in one revolution =
Force * distance = F * 2𝜋𝑟 Joule.
 Power developed = F*2𝜋𝑟 * N Watt
= (F*r) * 2𝜋N Watt
2𝜋N = Angular velocity(𝜔) 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛/𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑑
and
F*r = Torque T
∴ 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑑 = 𝑇 ∗ 𝜔 watt.
Moreover, if N is in r.p.m. then,
2𝜋𝑁
𝜔= rad/s
60
2𝜋
∴ 𝑃 = 60 * N*T.
 Armature Torque of a Motor
 Let Ta be the torque developed by the
armature of a motor running at N r.p.m.
Then, power developed = Ta*2𝜋N Watt
 It is known that electrical power converted
into mechanical power in the armature =
Eb*Ia watt
Therefore,
𝑃
Ta*2𝜋𝑁 = 𝐸𝑏 ∗ 𝐼𝑎 and Eb = 𝜑𝑁𝑍 𝐴
Volt so,
 1 𝑃
Ta*2𝜋N = 𝜑ZN * Ia or Ta = 𝜑Z Ia N.m.
2𝜋 𝐴
𝑃
∴ Ta = 0.159𝜑Z Ia N.m.
𝐴
Note: from the above equation for the
torque, find that Ta ∝ 𝜑 𝐼𝑎 .
 In the case of a series motor,𝜑 is directly
proportional to Ia because field windings
carry full armature current (𝑇𝑎 ∝ 𝐼𝑎2 ).
 For shunt motors, 𝜑 is practically constant,
hence (𝑇𝑎 ∝ Ia).
As mentioned before:
𝐸𝑏∗𝐼𝑎
Ta = N.m So,
2𝜋𝑁
If N in r.p.m then,
𝐸𝑏∗𝐼𝑎 𝐸𝑏∗𝐼𝑎
Ta = 2𝜋𝑁 9.55 N.m
𝑁
60
 Shaft Torque Tsh
 The whole of the armature torque as calculated
above is not available for doing useful work,
because a certain percentage of it is required for
supplying iron and friction losses in the motor.
 The torque which is available for doing useful
work is known as shaft torque Tsh. It is so called
because it is available at the shaft. The motor
output is given by:
𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
Output = Tsh * 2𝜋N Watt , Tsh = N.m
2𝜋𝑁
𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
And Tsh = 9.55 N.m when N in r.p.m.
𝑁
Ex.: A d.c. motor takes an armature
current of 110 A at 480V. The armature
circuit resistance is 0.2 ohm. The machine
has 6-poles and the armature is lap-
connected with 864 conductors. The flux
per pole is 0.05 wb. Calculate:
1) The speed
2) The gross torque developed by the
armature.
 Solution:
Eb = 480 – 110 * 0.2 = 458 V.
𝜑𝑍𝑁𝑃 0.05 ∗864 ∗𝑁 ∗6
Eb = Or
60𝐴 60 ∗6
N = 636 r.p.m.
6
Ta = 0.159 * 0.05 * 864 * 110 *
6
= 756.3 N.m.
Ex.: A d.c. shunt machine develops an a.c.
e.m.f. of 250V at 1500 r.p.m. Find its torque
and mechanical power developed for an
armature current of 50A.
(Ans. 12500 W,79.6 N.m)
Ex.: Determine developed torque and shaft
torque of 220 V, 4-pole series motor with 800
conductors wave-connected supplying a load of
8.2 Kw by taking 45A from the mains. The flux
per pole is 25 mWb and its armature circuit
resistance is 0.6 ohm.
(Ans. 286 N-m,270.5N-m)
Ex.: A 220V d.c. shunt
motor runs at 500 r.p.m
when the armature current
is 50 A. Calculate the speed
if the torque is doubled.
Given that Ra = 0.2 ohm.
(Ans.: 476 r.p.m.)