Practical 1
Quiz :
v1 = [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0]
v2 = [0.3 1.2 0.5 2.1 0.1 0.4 3.6 4.2 1.7 0.9 ]
v3 = [4 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 1 ]
(a)calculate respectively the sum of all the elements in vector v1 , v2 and v3
W = v1 + v2 + v3
W = [5.3 7.2 7.5 10.1 8.1 9.4 12.6 14.2 12.7 1.9 ]
(b)how to get the value of the 5th elements of each vector ?
K = [ v1 (5) v2(5) v3 (5) ]
K = [5 0.1 3]
(c)what happens if we execute the command v1 (0) and v1 (11)? Remember that if 0
vector has ‘N’ element ; their subscripts are from 1 to N
S = [v1(0) v1(11)]
Array indicates must be positive integers or logical value.
(d)generate a new vector v4 from v2 consisting of the first five element of v4.
V4 = [v2(1) v2(2) v2(3) v2 (4) v2(5) ]
= [0.3 1.2 0.5 0.1 2.1 0.1 ]
(e) generate a new vector v5 from v2 consisting of the last five element of v2
V5 = [v2(6) v2(7) v2(8) v2(9) v2(10)]
= [ 0.4 3.6 4.2 1.7 0.9 ]
(f) generate a new vector v6 from v2 with its 6th element omitted.
V6 = [v2(1) v2(2) v2(3) v2(4) v2(5) v2(6) v2(7) v2(8) v2(9) v2(10)]
= [0.3 1.2 0.5 2.1 0.1 3.6 4.2 1.7 12.9 ]
(h) generate a new vector v8 from v2 whose elements are 1st , 3rd ,7th and 9th elements
of v2 ?
V8 = [v2(1) v2(3) v2(7) v2(9)]
= [0.3 0.5 3.6 1.7 ]
What are the results of
(i) 9-v1 = [ 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9]
(ii) V1*5 = [5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0]
(iii) V1+v2 = 1.3 3.2 3.5 6.1 5.1 6.4 10.6 12.2 10.7 0.9 ]
(iv) V1-v3 = -3 -2 -1 0 2 3 5 6 7 -1]
(v) V1*v2 = [0.3 2.4 1.5 8.4 0.5 0.4 25.2 33.6 15.3 ]
(vi) V1*V2 =
(vii) V1^2 = [1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 0 ]
(viii) V1^V3 = [1 16 81 256 125 49 84 81 0]
(ix) V1 ==V3 [0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0]
(x) V1>6 = [0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0]
(xi) V1>v3 = [0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 ]
(xii) V3-(V1>2) = [4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 ]
(xiii) V2>2) AND V1 <6) = [0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 ]
(xiv) (V2>2)1 (V1<6) = [ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]
(xv) ANY (V1) = 1
(xvi) ALL (V1) = 0
Practical 2
1) Sinusoidal Signal Generation :
Consider generating 64 samples of a sinusoidal signal of frequency 1KHz, with a sampling
frequency of 8KHz.A sampled sinusoid may be written as
Where f is the signal frequency, fs is the sampling frequency, is the phase and A
Is the amplitude of the signal. The program and its output is shown below
2) Generate the following signals
(i) 64 Samples of a cosine wave of frequency 25Hz , sampling frequency 400Hz,amplitude of
1.5 volts and phase =0.
(ii) The same signal as in (i) but with a phase angle of/4 (i.e. 45 degree).
Practical 3
Write a program to generate following signals
Where u(n)/u(t) is unit step signal
r(n)/r(t) is ramp signal
d(n)/d(t) is impulse signal
1.x(t)= u(-t+1)
2. x(t)=3r(t-1)
3. x(t)=u(n+2)-u(n-3)
4. x(n)=x1(n)+x2(n)where x1(n)={1,3,2,1},x2(n)={1,-2,3,2}
5. x(t)=r(t)-2r(t-1)+r(t-2)
6. x(n)=2d(n+2)-2d(n-4), -5≤ n ≤5.
7. X(n)={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6,5,4,2,1} determine and plot the following sequence
a. x1(n)=2x(n-5)-3x(n+4)
b. x2(n)=x(3-n)+x(n)x(n-2)
8. Sketch the following signals:
(a) x(n)=u(n+2) u(-n+3)
(b) x(n) = u(n+4) – u(n-2)
Practical 4
1) Find whether the signal is even or odd.
(𝑡) = sin 3𝑡
2) Weather below signal is causal or anti-causal or non-causal?
x(t)=e4tu(t−3)
3) Examine whether the following signals is periodic or not? If periodic then determine the
fundamental period of the signal.
(𝑡) = sin 20𝜋𝑡
4) Calculate the following signals energies
1. x(t)= e j(2t+Π/4)
2. x(t)= cos(t)
3. x(t)= cos(Π/4 n)
Practical 5
1) Find whether the given systems are invertible or non-invertible
A system is invertible if, for each output y(t)y(t)y(t), there is a unique input x(t)x(t)x(t).
Invertibility means you can uniquely determine x(t)x(t)x(t) from y(t)y(t)y(t).
A. 𝑦(𝑡) = 3𝑥(𝑡)
This is invertible because we can uniquely determine
B. 𝑦(𝑡) = 5 + 𝑥(𝑡)
This is invertible because we can uniquely determine
C. 𝑦(𝑡) = 2𝑥2(𝑡)
This is non-invertible because for a given y(t)y(t)y(t), there are two possible values for x(t).
2) Determine whether the following systems are time-invariant or time-variant
3) Check whether the given systems are linear or non-linear systems
Practical 6
1) Perform convolution between the following signals
x(n)=[1 -1 4 ], h(n) = [ -1 2 -3 1]
2) Perform convolution between Two periodic sequences
x1(t)=e-3t{u(t)-u(t-2)} , x2(t)= e -3t for 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
3) Find the linear convolution of x(n)=[7 5 4 0] and h(n)=[0 3 6 2 9]