INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

in
READINGS in
PHILIPPINE HISTORY
(GE-2)

Prepared by:
ANALIZA T. DICTADO

CHAPTER 3
MODULE V

Introduction:
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Instructor: ANALIZA T. DICTADO
Spanish settlement in the Philippines first took place in
the 1500s, during the Spanish colonial period of the islands. The
conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi founded the first Spanish
 Pre- Assessment
Instructions: Give the different conflicts and controversies in our [Link]
some example,Expand your idea.
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Discussion: LESSON 7

CHAPTER 3
SPANISH PERIOD

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Instructor: ANALIZA T. DICTADO

Lesson 7 – The Spanish Arrival
 The Spanish missionaries and Christianity
 The Mexican and Spanish Influences

History before Hispanization:

Some of the societies scattered in the islands remained isolated but many
evolved into states that developed substantial trade and contacts with the peoples of
Eastern and Southern Asia, including those from India, China, Japan and
other Austronesian islands(The Malay Archipelago).
The 1st millennium saw the rise of the harbor principalities and their growth
into maritime states composed of autonomous barangays independent of, or allied
with larger nations which were either Malay thalassocracies, led by Datus or
Indianized kingdoms governed by Rajahs.

SPANISH COLONIZATION (1521-1898)

The Spaniards had been exploring
the Philippines since the early 16th
century. Ferdinand Magellan,
a Portuguese navigator in charge of a
Spanish expedition to circumnavigate the
globe, was killed by warriors
of datu Lapulapu at the Battle of Mactan. In
1543, Ruy López de Villalobos arrived at
the islands of Leyte and Samar and named
them Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II
of Spain, at the time Prince of
Asturias. Philip became King of Spain on
January 16, 1556, when his father, Charles I
of Spain (who also reigned as Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor), abdicated the
Spanish throne.

Philip was in Brussels at the time and

his return to Spain was delayed until 1559
because of European politics and wars in
northern Europe. Shortly after his return to
Spain, Philip ordered an expedition mounted
to the Spice Islands, stating that its purpose
was "to discover the islands of the west". In
reality its task was to conquer the
Philippines for Spain. The population
of Luzon and the
Instructor: [Link]
ANALIZA the time of the
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
first Spanish missions is estimated as between 1 and 1.5 million, overall density being
low.

BACKGROUND:
The history of the Philippines from
1565 to 1898, Spanish Philippines,
or Spanish Era, during which the Philippine
Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of
the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies,
initially under the Kingdom of the Viceroyalty of
New Spain, based in Mexico City, until
the independence of the Mexican empire from
Spain in 1821. This resulted in direct Spanish
control during a period of governmental
instability there. However, unlike the Spanish
American colonies, the Philippines, being less
significant to the Spanish economy, were under much less direct royal control.
The first documented European contact with the Philippines was made in 1521
by Ferdinand Magellan in his circumnavigation
expedition, during which he was killed in the Battle of
Mactan. Forty-four years later, a Spanish expedition
led by Miguel López de Legazpi left modern Mexico
and began the Spanish conquest of the Philippines.
Legazpi's expedition arrived in the Philippines in 1565,
during the reign of Philip II of Spain, whose name has
remained attached to the country.
The Spanish colonial period ended with the defeat of
Spain by the United States in the Spanish American
War, which marked the beginning of the American colonial era of Philippine history.

Conquest under Philip II

King Philip II of Spain, whose name has remained attached to the islands,
ordered and oversaw the conquest and colonization of the Philippines. On November
19 or 20, 1564 a Spanish expedition of a mere 500 men led by Miguel López de
Legazpi departed Barra de Navidad (modern Mexican state of Jalisco) in the
Viceroyalty of New Spain, arriving off Cebu on February 13, 1565, conquering it
despite Cebuano opposition.20–23 More than 15,000 soldiers arrived from New Spain
as new migrants during the 17th century, far outnumbering civilian arrivals. Most of
these soldiers were criminals and young boys rather than men of [Link]
for the colonizing soldiers contributed to looting and enslavement, despite the
entreaties of representatives of the church who accompanied them. In 1568, the
Spanish Crown permitted the establishment of the encomienda system that it was
abolishing IN
READINGS in PHILIPPINE
the New World,
HISTORYeffectively legalizing
Instructor: aANALIZA
more oppressive conquest.
T. DICTADO
Although slavery had been abolished in the Spanish Empire, it was allowed to
continue in some forms in the Philippines due to its already present use on the
islands.

PROPAGATING CATHOLIC FAITH

1. FRANCISCAN MISSIONARIES

The OFM Franciscans arrived in Manila on

July 2, 1578. Upon their arrival, the first fifteen
friars were temporarily housed in the Augustinian
convent in Intramuros. Then they finally moved to
their own residence on August 1 of the same year.
The next day they blessed their new church and
placed it under the protection of Our Lady of the
Angels. After few months, they set off for the
evangelization of the archipelago. In Manila, they
founded Santa Ana de Sapa, Paco, Pandacan,
Sampaloc and San Francisco del Monte. With the
arrival of more friars, the Province of St. Gregory
the Great was finally erected on November 15,
1586.
In the ensuing years the Spanish Franciscans labored energetically in many
places in the country. Since their arrival until the end of the Spanish rule in 1898, the
Franciscans were able
to establish and/or administer 207 towns/parishes in the following areas: Manila,
Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon Province, Isabela, Cavite, Batangas, Bataan, La Union,
Ilocos Sur, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Albay, Albay, Sorsogon, Burias Island,
Marinduque, Mindoro, Samar, and Leyte.
Aside from the founding of towns and parishes, the Franciscans also dedicated
themselves to the establishment of institutions of charity such as: the San Juan de
Dios Hospital (1580), Naga Hospital of San Diego (1586), Hospital of the Holy Waters
in Los Baños (1592), and San Lazaro Hospital – the first leprosarium in the Far
East (1580).

The Franciscans also excelled in the field of languages. Fray Pedro de San
Buenaventura, composed the first Spanish-Tagalog dictionary (Vocabulario de la
lengua Tagala) that was published in Pila, Laguna in 1613. The Bicolano-Spanish
dictionary printed in 1745 was authored by Fray Marcos Lisboa. The authorship of the
first book printed in the Philippines in 1593, the Doctrina Christiana, was attributed to
Fray Juan de Plasencia. Fray Juan de Oliver wrote the first catechism on the 10
commandments in Tagalog. The first water system in Manila and free loan-banks
(Montes de Piedad) were established through the efforts of Fray Felix Huerta,
OFM. They were also involved in the building of infrastructures such as roads, dams
and bridges. Some Franciscans became bishops. Among them were Ignacio de
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Instructor: ANALIZA T. DICTADO
Santibañez, first archbishop of Manila (1595); Luis Maldonado, first bishop of
Nueva Caceres in Naga (1595); and Martin Maria Alcocer, last Spanish bishop
of Cebu (1886).
By the year 1896 there were 275 Franciscans in the Philippines administering
over a hundred parishes and mission areas. However, at the end of the Spanish
colonial rule in 1898, many friars departed. By 1900 there were only 70 friars left. In
1905, the seat of the administration of the province was transferred
to Madrid, Spain. What was left was a Provincial Commissariat established to oversee
the remaining ministries of the Spanish friars. On July 16, 1931 a seminary was
opened in San Francisco del Monte, Quezon City for Filipino candidates. In 1948 only
23 Spanish Franciscan remained in the Philippines.
In 1951, the Italian Franciscans from the Province of St.
Anthony in Venice opened a mission in Cagayan Valley. These were mostly
composed of the friars expelled from China during the Communist takeover. In 1952,
American friars from the Province of the Assumption of Pulaski arrived and took over
some parishes in Samar upon the invitation of the Bishop of Calbayog. In 1956,
another group of friars from the Province Sta. Barbara, California, USA, came to work
in the diocese of Dumaguete. In the same year, another batch of American friars from
the Province of St. John the Baptist in Cincinnati, Ohio, established their presence in
Leyte and Biliran Island.
In 1962 the Our Lady of the Angels seminary was founded. OLAS was built
through the joint efforts of the foundations (Spanish, Italian and American), and one
of its objectives was to develop the native Franciscan vocation and eventually
establish an indigenous Franciscan presence in the country.
The increasing number of Filipino friars and the decision of other members of
the foundations to work in the country led to the erection of the Vicariate of San
Gregorio Magno on March 25, 1970. Thirteen years later, on January 25, 1983,
the Province of San Pedro Bautista in the Philippines was inaugurated.
On July 2, 2007, the Custody of San Antonio de Padua was inaugurated during
a Eucharistic Celebration presided over by the Minister General himself,
Jose Carballo. The Custody covers both Visayas and Mindanao.

Today, the OFM’s are ministering in different parts of the country.

 Province of San Pedro Bautista

In Luzon (Parishes in Sta. Ana, Casambalangan and Sta. Teresita in Cagayan
Valley; Parishes in Palanan and Sto. Tomas in Isabela Province; Quezon Town in
Nueva Vizcaya; Santuario de San Pedro Bautista Parish in Frisco, Q.C.; San Jose
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Instructor: ANALIZA T. DICTADO
Tagapagtanggol Parish in Commonwealth, Quezon City; Our Lady of the Angels
Seminary in Novaliches; Our Lady of the Abandoned Parish in Sta. Ana, Manila; St.
Anthony Shrine in Sampaloc, Manila; Santuario de San Antonio Parish in Forbes Park,
Makati; Juan de Plasencia Novitiate in Liliw, Laguna; in the urban poor communities of
the post-novitiate friars in Sampaloc, Manila and Commonwealth, Quezon City; Parish
in Donsol, Sorsogon; and the Poor Clare Monastery Chaplaincy in Katipunan, Cubao,
Q.C.).

 Custody of San Antonio de Padua

In the Visayas (St. Francis School, Allen, N. Samar; Christ the King College,
Calbayog City; Parishes in Tucdao and Kawayan, Biliran Province; Palo, Leyte; San
Vicente Ferrer Parish and Custodial House in Cebu City, Franciscan Retreat Center in
Minglanilla, Cebu; St. Francis College in Guihulngan, La Libertad, and Dumaguete City
in Negros Oriental).

In Mindanao (Balo-i, Lanao del Norte; Kidapawan City, North Cotabato; Josefina,
Zamboanga del Sur; and Looc, Lamitan, Basilan Province).
The friars are also involved in other special ministries such as: the media
apostolate, justice, peace and integrity of creation initiatives, hospital chaplaincy,
trans-parochial ministries (e.g. Charismatic & other lay apostolate groups) and the
Tri-people (Muslim-Christian-Lumad) dialogue in Mindanao.

2. JESUITS MISSIONARIES

In 1581, the first Jesuits from the Province of Mexico arrived in the Philippines.
The mission was headed by Fr. Antonio Sedeño, the Superior. His companions were
Fr. Alonso Sanchez and Brother Nicolas Gallardo. A fourth member, Scholastic Gaspar
Suarez de Toledo, had died during the voyage from Acapulco. In 1585, the first novice
was accepted, Juan Garcia Pacheco, a Spaniard. In 1591, mission stations were
established in Balayan, Batangas, in Taytay, and in Antipolo, Rizal. In 1593, the first
Jesuit mission stations were established in the Visayas in Tibauan, Panay. There, Fr.
Pedro Chirino opened the first school of the Society of Jesus in the Philippines. It was
a catechetical school for natives. Later the school was expanded with an elementary
school both for Spanish and Filipino boys. The first Filipino in the Society of Jesus was
a certain Martin Sancho or Sanchez. He was received into the Society in Rome. In
1601, he returned to the Philippines but died shortly thereafter of tuberculosis.
In June of 1595, Fr. General Claudio Acquaviva made the Philippine Mission into
a Vice Province dependent on the Province of Mexico. Fr. Sedeño was its first Vice-
Provincial. In September of the same year, the College of Manila was opened in the
Jesuit compound in Intramuros on Calle Real (later Calle General Luna). The College
offered courses in grammar, philosophy, theology, and canon law.
In the same year, residences of Jesuits were established in Cebu, in Leyte, and
in Samar. Sometime later, residences were also built in Bohol and in Mindanao. The
residential College of San Jose, attached to the College of Manila, opened on August
25, 1601. In 1605, just 24 years after theInstructor:
arrival ofANALIZA
the first T.
Jesuits, Fr. General
DICTADO
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
Acquaviva made the Philippine Vice Province into an independent Province. By that
time, the province had 67 members who labored in one college of higher studies (the
College of Manila), one residential seminary (San Jose), seven mission residences,
and two mission stations.
In 1606, a novitiate was opened in Antipolo, but later the novices were
transferred to the College of Manila. From 1622-1630, the novitiate was located in
San Pedro, Makati, but in 1630, it again returned to the College of Manila. The
novitiate building in Makati became a house of retreats and a villa house.
In 1656, 50 years after the establishment of the province and 75 years after the
founding of the Mission, the membership of the province had risen to 108 (74 priests,
11 scholastics, and 23 coadjutor Brothers). There were five colleges, one novitiate,
one Seminary-College, nine mission residences, and the spiritual administration of 73
towns. In these 75 years, 372 Jesuits had come to the Philippines from Europe and
New Spain. 143 Jesuits had been admitted to and had persevered in the Society in
the Philippines. Three had been received as priests, 23 as scholastics, and 117 as
coadjutor brothers.
In 1668, the Philippine Province established a mission in the Marianas Islands.
This mission later became a Vice Province dependent on the Philippine Province. By
1755, the Philippine Province had the spiritual administration of 80 parishes and
missions in the Philippines and the Marianas, caring for a total population of 212,153
persons.
In 1768, the Jesuits were banished from the Philippines. On February 27, 1767,
King Charles III of Spain had issued a decree banishing the Society of Jesus from
Spain and the Spanish dominions. This decree reached Manila on May 17, 1768.
Between 1769 and 1771, the Jesuits in the Philippines were transported to Spain and
from there deported to Italy. The possessions of the province were declared forfeit to
the crown except the obras pias, which were maintained as ecclesiastical property.
Among these was the College of San Jose, which continued to exist, first under the
administration of the secular clergy and later under that of the Dominicans. The Jesuit
parishes and missions were transferred to other religious orders.

3. DOMINICAN MISSIONARIES
The fifteen Dominicans composed of thirteen priests and two lay brothers arrived in
Cavite on July 21, 1587, the eve of the feast of St. Mary Magdalene, the apostola
apostolorum and patroness of the Order. They reached Manila on foot on July 25,
feast of St. James the Apostle, patron of Spain. Bishop Domingo de Salazar (1512-
1594), Governor-General Santiago de Vera (1584-1590) and the rest of the people
joyfully welcomed them. They were the heralds of the Gospel in the East.
For few months, the Dominicans were lodged as guests in a Franciscan convent until
they can already transfer to their own convent.
In 1588, they completed building a wooden church and convent in a marshy and
mosquito-infested place and was named Santo Domingo in honor of their holy father
St. Dominic of Guzman. As a general rule, the members of the Province of the Holy
Rosary dedicated the first house to their founder whenever they start a new mission.

After the founding of their motherhouse, the Dominicans went directly to their
mission posts. At that time, the only religious in the islands were the Augustinians,
the Franciscans and the Jesuits. Four went to Bataan; six lefts for Pangasinan; and the
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Instructor: ANALIZA T. DICTADO
rest remained in Manila of which two were engaged in the ministry to the Chinese.
Bataan was sparsely populated and the groups of natives were scattered in the
mountains. Sometimes, the missionaries rode small rowboats from one village to
another, often 30 kms apart; but often times they were forced to travel on foot on
flooded or muddy terrain. They depended on the natives’ generosity for their
subsistence. Slowly, they convinced them to live together and thus the towns of
Santo Domingo in Abucay, Orani, Samal, Balanga, Orion and Hermosa were created.
In the course of time, the process of Christianization was accelerated.

AUGUSTINIAN RECOLLECTS
With their arrival in May 1606 from Spain, the Recollects became one of the most
important groups in the history of the evangelization of the Philippines. Many times,
the areas given to this Order were the poorest islands in the archipelago, the ones
not desired by other orders because of distance from the mainland.
Being a contemplative Order, it was not really their main goal to evangelize the
country, but they became more active in the Philippines from 1606 to 1898, and later
some missionaries spread the Recollect mission in Central America and in other parts
of the world. Most of their houses were just formation centers, but they opened them
to the public because the faithful would go and attend Sunday services with the
friars.
Their first house was built in Bagumbayan, outside the walls of [Link], they also
built a house, San Nicolas de Tolentino Church, within the walls that became their
house for the next hundreds of years after the British demolished all structures in
Bagumbayan during their occupation of the city in the [Link] convent was
destroyed during the World War II liberation of Manila. Instead of rebuilding, the
Order moved to its present house, then San Sebastian Church, in Quiapo, Manila.
Their first parish was in Masinloc, Zambales. However, this has already been
transferred to the management of the diocese. Other parishes that were given to
them early in their ministry in the Philippines were those
of Mabalacat in Pampanga, Capas and Bamban in Tarlac province.
The Order also had missions in Palawan, Calamianes and Caraga (in the northeastern
part of Mindanao). They laid the foundation for Puerto Princesa City, the capital
of Palawan. Mindoro and Bohol became part of their missions as well.
The province that was most heavily influenced by the Order is the island of Negros
now divided into two provinces, Occidental and Oriental. Most of the towns in both
provinces are named after towns where the missionaries came from in Spain, such as
La Carlota, Valencia, and Cádiz. The Recollect friars form a significant segment of the
clergy.
Since the creation of the Province of Saint Ezekiél Moreno on November 28, 1998, the
Philippine Province was officially separated from the Province of San Nicolas de
Tolentino. Now, the Philippine Province supervises not only the different missions in
the Philippines but also in Sierra Leone and Taiwan.

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Instructor: ANALIZA T. DICTADO

THE UNION OF CHURCH AND STATE

The Church and State usually represents the

relationships between religious organizations
or authorities on the one hand and secular
government on the other.

CHURCH OFFICIALS/GOVERNOR GENERALS

Archbishop Francisco de la Cuesta (1661 – May 30, 1724), O.S.H. was
the12th Archbishop of Manila from 1707 to 1722, and Spanish Governor-
General of the Philippines from 1719 to 1721.
Bishop Juan de Arechederra, O. P. (Caracas, Venezuela, September 20, 1681
– Nueva Segovia, November 12, 1751) was
a Venezuelan (originally Spanish Criollo) friar and member of the Dominican
Order who served as the Rector of the University of Santo Tomas from 1735 to
1737 and from 1743 to 1745 and Bishop-elect of Nueva Segovia from 1745 and
in turn, the Bishop from 1750 until his death in 1751. In Philippine history, he is
best remembered as being the Governor-General from 1745 to 1750 who
baptized Alimuddin I, the only Catholic Sultan of Sulu.
Bishop Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta (sometimes spelled as de Espeleta) (Manila,
June 1701 – Cebu, July 1771) was a Spanish criollo born in Manila who served
as the Bishop of Cebu from 1757 until his death in 1771. Consequently, he
assumed the position as the governor-general from 1759 to 1761 during
Spanish intervention to the Seven Years' War and prelude to the occupations of
Manila and Cavite.
Archbishop Manuel Antonio Rojo del Río y Vieyra (September 24, 1708 –
January 30, 1764)[1] was a Mexican (originally Spanish Criollo) friar who served
as the 16th Archbishop of Manila and was Governor-General of the
Philippines at the commencement of the 1762–1764 British occupation of the
Philippines.

To administer the parishes efficiently, the Catholic Church was divided into [Link]
turn, each district divided into parishes and missions.

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Instructor: ANALIZA T. DICTADO

Manila became a diocese:
District- represented geographic regions that had different dialects or languages.
Parishes- represented villages
Missions- represented areas and regions that were not yet conquered and converted
to Catholicism.

 Father Domingo de Salazar- the first bishop of Manila, a Dominican religious

from the Convent of San Esteban in Salamanca, Spain, was presented by King
Philip II of Spain to the Pope for the position of Bishop of the Diocese of Manila.
A year after, in May of 1580, he left for his new assignment by way of Mexico,
bringing with him thirty fellow Dominicans, many of whom died or fell ill during
and after the voyage to Mexico. Only one co-religious and six other secular
priests were able to accompany him to Manila where he would reign as first
bishop of the diocese.
 Father Ignacio SantibaÑez (1512 – August 14, 1598) was a Roman Catholic
prelate who served as the first Archbishop of Manila (1595-1598).

REASONS FOR COLONIZATION

King CHARLES 1
-decide to send an expedition to the MOLUCCAS,his purposes was primarily
commercial.

SPICES- commanded high prices during that time, so trade in spices was very
profitable.
SPICE ISLANDS- was the primarily aim of KING CHARLES 1 that’s why they send
expedition to ASIA.
SPANISH CLAIM- to the archipelago was sealed based on two reasons.

THE 3 G’s (THE MAIN REASON)

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Instructor: ANALIZA T. DICTADO

SPAIN’S CONTRIBUTION

RELIGION

The Philippines is one of two predominantly Christian countries in Asia, the other
being East Timor. About 81% of the population is Catholic, 11% belong to Protestant
or other Christian denominations, 5.6% are Muslim, and about 2% practice other
religions or are irreligious.
Filipinos at home set up altars in the Hispanic tradition adorned with Catholic images,
flowers, and candles. During fiestas, most communities organize church services and
religious processions in honor of a patron saint, hold funfairs and concerts, and feast
with a variety of Filipino foods.

GOVERNMENT/POLITICAL

During the Spanish colonization in the Philippines,

the government was composed of two branches,
the executive and the judicial.
There was no legislative branch on that time since
the laws of the islands were coming from Spain. The
only laws created in the Philippines are those who
were ordered by the Governor General.
The government on that time was led by the
Governor General. He was considered as the
representative of Spain and the King himself. He is the highest officer in the island
and responsible for implementing laws from the mother country.
He also has the power to appoint or relieve officer in the government or priest in the
parish, except with those personally appointed by the king of Spain.

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Instructor: ANALIZA T. DICTADO

 The provinces in the island were called as
“Encomienda” and were governed by the
“Encomienderos”, later they were replaced
by the “Alcalde Mayor.
“Alcalde Mayor” had both the executive
and judicial power. He had also given the
right to collect taxes. The “Alcalde Mayor”
was also allowed to establish a business
because of its limited salary. In 1886, their
executive power was abolished but their
judicial powers remain.
Small towns were governed by the “gobernadorcillo”. Under his authority were one
police chief and the lower government employees from which he had jurisdiction.
“Gobernadorcillo” were elected by the married people but later a “gobernadorcillo”
was chosen by those outgoing in the position as his replacement.
The city was governed by two mayors, 12 councilors and a police chief, a secretary
and other employees. The city is called as “Ayuntamiento”.

ECONOMICS

Spanish Claimed the Philippines by:

 Right of Discovery
 Right of Actual Occupation
 Crown Colony

Encomienda
The encomienda,system was implemented. It is a
system from which the king has the right to transfer the
authority of a particular land to any Spanish individual
or institution. Those individuals who possess the right
of “encomienda” was called as “Encomiendero”.
An “Encomiendero” has authority to collect taxes from
the people in his jurisdiction. He also has the duty to
care and
look for the
benefits of
those
citizens.
Unfortunately, the “encomienda” system
was misused by some “encomienderos”. A
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Instructor: ANALIZA T. DICTADO
lot of them use the “encomienda” for their own interest. They tend to abuse their
power, collecting taxes more than the real tax value.
The “encomiendero’s” abuse their powers which sometimes made people revolts
against them.
The “encomienda” system created hindrances for the economic development of the
masses. This making the elite richer and making the economic situation of the
majority under developed.
Although the “encomienda” system is designed for governance, its implementation
gives negative effects to the people from which the “encomienderos” abuse their
power against the people, to whom they are bound to govern.

TAXATION

Filipinos paid taxes to Spain.

Tribute (TRIBUTO)
The Filipinos were compelled to pay tribute
called TRIBUTO, to the colonial government.
The tributo was imposed as a sign of the
Filipinos’loyalty to the King of Spain.
Those who paid tribute were individuals between
16-60 years old.

Sanctorum- small portion of tribute went to the church.

Cedula (PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION PAPER)-In 1884, tribute was nullified and
replaced by [Link] cedula was a certificate identifying the [Link] recorded
his name, age, birthplace, marital sex, occupation, place of residence, nationality and
sex. Present equivalent of the residence certificate class “A”.
Diezmos Prediales- a tax which consisted of one tenth of the produce of the land.

Donativo de Zamboanga- specially used for the conquest of Jolo,Mindanao.

A special tax of 1/2 real or rice collected. This collection was used to crush the Moro
raids.

Vinta- tax paid by the people of some provinces along the coast of Western Luzon for
the defense of the coasts from Muslim pirates.

LANGUAGE
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Instructor: ANALIZA T. DICTADO
 Philippine Spanish (Spanish: Español Filipino, Castellano Filipino) is a variant of
standard Spanish spoken in the Philippines. It is a Spanish dialect of the Spanish
language.
Chavacano, a Spanish-based creole, is spoken in the Zamboanga
Peninsula (where it is an official dialect), Davao, and Cotabato in Mindanao,
and Cavite in Luzon
Filipinos today speak a variety of
different languages including Cebuano, Tagalog, Ilocano, Ilonggo, and Bikolano, in
addition to English—all of which are 90% Austronesian languages, and also contain up
several Spanish loanwords. The Philippines still completely attained its entire
languages and culture despite years of colonial [Link] most common languages
spoken in the Philippines today are English and Filipino, the national language that is
a standardized form of Tagalog. Spanish was an official language of the country until
immediately after the People Power Revolution in February 1986 and the subsequent
ratification of the 1987 Constitution. The new charter dropped Spanish as an official
language and today it is very rare to find a native Spanish speaker, less than 0.1% of
the population.

NAME of the PHILIPPINES

The name of the Philippines comes from the

king of Spain Philip II. It was given by the
Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos who
named the islands of Samar and Leyte "Las
Islas Felipinas" (The Philippine Islands), during
his expedition in 1543. Throughout the colonial
period, the name Felipinas (Philippines) was
used, and became the official name of the
Philippines.

There are many provinces in the Philippines with Spanish names, such as Nueva
Vizcaya, Nueva Écija (Nueva Ecija), Laguna, Isabela, Quirino, Aurora, La Unión (La
Union), Marinduque, Antique, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, Nueva
Segovia and Valle de [Link] cities and towns are also named in Spanish,
such as Medellin, La Libertad, Naga, Camarines Sur (prior to 1919 was known
as Nueva Cáceres), Las Piñas, Prosperidad, Isabela, Sierra Bullones, Angeles, La
Paz, Esperanza, Buenavista, Pilar, La Trinidad, Garcia Hernandez, Trece Martires, Los
Baños, and many more.

There are numerous other towns and cities named after saints, such as San
Fernando, Santa Rosa, San Isidro, San José, San Juan and San Pablo, as well as after
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Instructor: ANALIZA T. DICTADO
Spanish places like Madrid, Santander, Toledo, Cádiz, Valencia, Murcia, Lucena,
and [Link] native Filipino names are spelled using Spanish orthography,
such as Cagayán de Oro, Parañaque, and Cebú.

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Instructor: ANALIZA T. DICTADO