### **Philippine History Exam - Chapter 2: The Philippines in Ancient Times

(50 Items)

1. The earliest known inhabitants of the Philippines were:

A) Negritos

B) Malays

C) Indonesians

D) Chinese

2. The **barangay** was primarily a:

A) Political unit

B) Religious gathering

C) Trade system

D) Warrior clan

3. Who were the **Austronesians**?

A) A nomadic tribe that arrived in the Philippines around 200,000 B.C.

B) Seafaring people who migrated from Southeast Asia around 3000 B.C.

C) Traders from China who settled in the Philippines

D) Early Spanish colonizers

4. The **Datu** in pre-colonial Philippine society was:

A) A spiritual leader

B) The head of the barangay

C) A warrior

D) A foreign trader
5. What was the **kaingin system** used for in early Filipino society?

A) Irrigation

B) Fishing

C) Slash-and-burn farming

D) Trade

6. The **babaylan** in early Filipino society served as:

A) Warriors

B) Political leaders

C) Religious leaders and healers

D) Foreign dignitaries

7. The barter system was the primary form of:

A) Currency

B) Taxation

C) Trade

D) Social status

8. Which early Filipino script was used for writing and communication?

A) Baybayin

B) Sanskrit

C) Kavi

D) Roman alphabet

9. In pre-colonial Philippines, **sanduguan** was:

A) A form of war
 B) A blood compact to seal an alliance

C) A harvest festival

D) A religious ritual

10. **Animism** is a belief system that involves:

A) Worship of a single god

B) Reverence for ancestors

C) Worship of nature spirits and deities

D) Veneration of heroic figures

11. Early Filipinos practiced **secondary burials** by:

A) Cremating the dead

B) Placing bones in burial jars

C) Burying bodies in tombs

D) Placing them in wooden coffins

12. **Apolaki** was the god of:

A) Agriculture

B) War and the sun

C) Fertility

D) Death

13. Which of the following social classes in pre-colonial Philippines was

considered "freemen"?

A) Maharlika

B) Timawa

C) Alipin
 D) Rajah

14. **Barter** was the primary form of exchange between Filipinos and
which neighboring countries?

A) China and Japan

B) India and Arabia

C) Vietnam and Thailand

D) All of the above

15. Early Filipino society was organized into **barangays**, which were led
by:

A) Rajahs

B) Babaylans

C) Datus

D) Sultans

16. The **Manunggul Jar** is one of the most significant artifacts from
ancient Filipino burial practices. It was used for:

A) Storing food

B) Writing laws

C) Secondary burials

D) Religious offerings

17. The primary crop grown by early Filipinos was:

A) Corn

B) Wheat

C) Rice

D) Barley
18. The **Maharlika** class in early Filipino society consisted of:

A) Slaves

B) Nobles and warriors

C) Merchants

D) Priests

19. The use of **balangay** boats by early Filipinos was primarily for:

A) Fishing

B) Trade and exploration

C) Religious pilgrimages

D) Warfare

20. Which of the following materials was used to construct houses in ancient
Filipino communities?

A) Clay bricks

B) Bamboo and nipa

C) Stone

D) Metal

21. **Timawa** refers to which class in pre-colonial Filipino society?

A) Ruling class

B) Common freemen

C) Priests

D) Slaves
22. **Luzon** was primarily dominated by what kind of leader in pre-colonial
times?

A) Datu

B) Rajah

C) Sultan

D) Babaylan

23. The religious beliefs of early Filipinos revolved around the worship of
**anitos**, which were:

A) Priests

B) Spirits of ancestors or nature

C) Heroes of war

D) Foreign gods

24. The social class of **alipin** consisted of:

A) Farmers

B) Slaves

C) Priests

D) Warriors

25. Which ancient Filipino artifact serves as evidence of early trade with
neighboring Asian countries?

A) Manunggul Jar

B) Laguna Copperplate Inscription

C) Balangay boat

D) Tabon Skullcap

26. Early Filipino society was mainly **patriarchal**, meaning:

 A) Women held primary power

B) Men held leadership and authority

C) Equality between men and women

D) Rule by foreign leaders

27. **Babaylans** in ancient Filipino society were associated with which role?

A) Warriors

B) Religious leaders and healers

C) Political leaders

D) Merchants

28. Early Filipino burial practices involved the use of **burial jars** for:

A) Mummification

B) Storing bones after secondary burial

C) Displaying the deceased

D) Religious offerings

29. The introduction of **Islam** in the Philippines began in which region?

A) Luzon

B) Mindanao

C) Visayas

D) Palawan

30. **Head-hunting** was a practice particularly associated with which

Filipino ethnic group?

A) Tagalog

B) Kalinga
 C) Visayan

D) Negritos

31. Which of the following crops was introduced by the Austronesians to the
Philippines?

A) Bananas

B) Corn

C) Coconut

D) Rice

32. In pre-colonial Philippines, the **Datu** served as:

A) A religious leader

B) The chief of the barangay

C) A merchant

D) A military general

33. What is the **Laguna Copperplate Inscription**?

A) A burial artifact

B) The earliest known written document in the Philippines

C) A trading agreement

D) An agricultural tool

34. The **balangay** is known as the:

A) Symbol of freedom

B) First Filipino community

C) First trading ship

D) Royal vessel
35. The **sanduguan** or blood compact was used to:

A) Mark the end of war

B) Seal an alliance or friendship

C) Begin trade negotiations

D) Invoke blessings from the gods

36. Early Filipinos worshipped deities connected to nature. Which god was
associated with the **sun** and **war**?

A) Bathala

B) Apolaki

C) Lakapati

D) Mayari

37. The **Kalinga** people are best known for which practice?

A) Pottery-making

B) Head-hunting

C) Rice cultivation

D) Textile weaving

38. Which of the following represents a **matriarchal** society in the

Philippines, where women held more power?

A) Kalinga

B) Tagalog

C) Ifugao

D) None of the above

39. Which of the following is NOT a role of the **babaylan**?

A) Healer

B) Priestess

C) Datu

D) Spiritual guide

40. The practice of **rice terracing** was most developed by which group of
early Filipinos?

A) Tagalog

B) Visayan

C) Ifugao

D) Negritos

41. The **barangay** was originally organized as:

A) A military unit

B) A family or clan-based community

C) A trading guild

D) A government council

42. The **Tabon Man** was discovered in which location?

A) Palawan

B) Cebu

C) Mindanao

D) Luzon

43. The **timawa** in ancient Filipino society were considered:

A) Nobles
 B) Slaves

C) Farmers

D) Freemen

44. In ancient Filipino society, **maharlika** referred to:

A) The warrior class

B) Slave class

C) Artisan class

D) Farming

45. **Utang na loob** refers to:

A) Debt of money

B) Debt of gratitude

C) Religious debt

D) Taxation

46. Early Filipinos built their houses using:

A) Stone and mortar

B) Bamboo and nipa

C) Clay and bricks

D) Metal and wood

47. Which ancient Filipino practice involved storing bones in burial jars?

A) Mummification

B) Secondary burial

C) Primary burial

D) Cremation
48. The introduction of **Islam** in the Philippines began in which century?

A) 8th century

B) 10th century

C) 14th century

D) 16th century

49. Which of the following best describes the **Laguna Copperplate

Inscription**?

A) A pre-colonial trade document

B) A legal document

C) A religious text

D) An agricultural guide

50. Which ancient Filipino custom involved head-hunting as part of warfare or

rituals?

A) Animism

B) Balangay

C) Head-hunting

D) Blood compact

### **Answer Key:**

1. A

2. A

3. B
4. B

5. C

6. C

7. C

8. A

9. B

10. C

11. B

12. B

13. B

14. D

15. C

16. C

17. C

18. B

19. B

20. B

21. B

22. B

23. B

24. B

25. C

26. B

27. B

28. B

29. B

30. B
31. D

32. B

33. B

34. B

35. B

36. B

37. B

38. D

39. C

40. C

41. B

42. A

43. D

44. A

45. B

46. B

47. B

48. C

49. B

50. C