Maharashtra Board of Technical Education, Mumbai.

Government Polytechnic, Solapur.

DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

Academic Year 2024-25.
A
MICRO-PROJECT

REPORT ON

“DEFORESTATION”
Submitted by
Roll No. Enrollment No Student Name

04 2200150094 Anjali Yadgiri Durgam

 CERTIFICATE
Certified that this Micro-Project Repor

“DEFORESTATION”
Is the work of
Roll Enrollment No. Student Name
No.
04 2200150094 Anjali Yadgiri Durgam

The student of Semester five Subject Name-EST(22447 )

Diploma in Computer Technology , 2024-25.

This report is partial fulfillment of subject EST(22447 ) for the

award of the Diploma in Computer Technology , By MSBTE,
Mumbai.

Guide Name– Mr A.L Tarange

Date & Sign-

HOD PRINCIPAL

2
 INDEX
[Link]. Title Page No

1. Abstract 3

2. Introduction 4

3. Deforestation case study 5

 Location of study
 Deforestation overview
 Case sttudy
 Result and Discussion
4. Precautions 11

5. Topic Explination & Plant setup 13

6. Imapcts 14

7. Pros and cons 15

8. Conclusion 16

9. Acknowledgement 17

3
 ABSTRACT

The districts of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi, located in the coastal region of
Karnataka, are rich in biodiversity, home to the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World
Heritage site. However, the region has experienced significant deforestation over the
years due to urbanization, infrastructure development, agriculture, and illegal logging
activities. This deforestation has had adverse effects on local ecosystems, including
habitat loss, soil erosion, and a reduction in water retention capacities of forests, which
have contributed to increased flooding during the monsoon season. Furthermore, the
decline in forest cover threatens the region’s wildlife, disrupts the livelihoods of
indigenous communities, and affects agricultural productivity.

Efforts to combat deforestation in these regions include afforestation projects,

community-led forest conservation programs, and legal action to prevent illegal land
clearing. However, there is a need for more sustainable development practices that
balance the region's economic growth with environmental conservation. The challenge
lies in creating policies that promote eco-friendly industries and activities while
ensuring the conservation of the region’s forests and biodiversity.

4
 INTRODUCTION

Dakshin Kannada is located in the southern and coastal part of Karnataka at

an extension of 75◦ 12’1.16” East and 12◦ 45’47.79” North. The district covers a total
area of 4,559 sq km with the highest elevation of 1,115 meters. The topography of the
district is plain up to 30 km and changes to undulating hilly terrain sharply towards the
east in the Western Ghats. The forests in the district are covered with Teak, bamboo
and rosewood. The district receives abundant rainfall during the Indian monsoon of
about 3912mm annually.

Udupi falls along the western coast and lies between 74◦ 44’31.7112” East and 13◦
20’27.1716” North. It geographically covers an area of about 3,880 sq km with tropical
climate and receives rainfall of about 315.3mm.

5
 DEFORESTATION CASE STUDY

Location of Study Area:

The study area for deforestation encompasses the districts of Dakshina Kannada
and Udupi in the state of Karnataka, India.

 Dakshina Kannada is a coastal district with Mangaluru (Mangalore) as its

administrative headquarters. It is known for its tropical climate, lush greenery,
and high rainfall during the monsoon season. The district is rich in biodiversity
and falls under the Western Ghats, which is a biodiversity hotspot.

 Udupi is a neighboring district, also part of the coastal region of Karnataka.

Udupi town serves as the district's headquarters. The region is similarly
ecologically sensitive due to its proximity to the Western Ghats and its coastal
ecosystems, including rivers, estuaries, and mangroves.

6
 Deforestation overview:
India faces significant deforestation due to agricultural expansion, infrastructure
development, illegal logging, and mining activities. Forest cover has been shrinking
in several regions, affecting both local ecosystems and wildlife populations. Key
causes include:

1. Agriculture: Forests are cleared to expand farmlands, particularly in states like

Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
2. Infrastructure Development: The construction of highways, dams, and urban
expansion, especially in states like Karnataka and Maharashtra, contributes to
forest loss.
3. Mining: Coal and mineral extraction in states like Jharkhand and Odisha has led to
deforestation in rich biodiversity zones.
4. Illegal Logging: Despite regulations, illegal timber extraction continues,

7
 Case Study :
 Year wise forest cover loss in Dakshin Kannada
Year Dakshin Kannada
(in Hectares)
2001 273
2002 179
2003 163
2004 294
2005 328
2006 214
2007 949
2008 638
2009 568
2010 325
2011 299
2012 809
2013 541
2014 511
2015 338
2016 1011
2017 955

 Year wise forest cover loss in Dakshin Kannada through graph

8
 Year wise forest cover loss in Udupi

Year Udupi (in Hectares)

2001 65.2
2002 83.1
2003 89.7
2004 85.3
2005 240
2006 205
2007 352
2008 241
2009 283
2010 93.6
2011 692
2012 439
2013 589
2014 503
2015 527
2016 740
2017 875

 Year wise forest cover loss in Udupi through graph

9
Result and Discussion

The result of this study indicates considerable loss of forest cover in the past 17
years. The Land Use Land Cover map of the year 2002 and 2017 shows a huge
conversion and declination in the forest cover. The forest cover has decreased up
to 2819.653 sq km in the year 2017 as compared to 2002 which was 3287.124sq
km.

.Forest cover map in 2017 for Dakshin Kannada & Udupi

Forest cover map in 2002 for Dakshin Kannada & Udupi

10
 Precautions:

To prevent deforestation, here are some key precautions:

1. Planting more trees (reforestation and afforestation) to restore lost forests.
[Link] forest management by using responsible logging practices.
[Link] protected areas to conserve wildlife habitats and prevent illegal
deforestation.
4. Using alternatives to wood to reduce demand, like bamboo or recycled materials.
5. Raising public awareness about the importance of forests to encourage responsible
actions.

11
 TOPIC EXPLANATION/PlANT SETUP

 Explanation:
Deforestation is the large-scale removal of forests,
often driven by human activities such as agriculture,
urbanization, logging, and mining. Agricultural
expansion is one of the leading causes, with forests
being cleared for crop cultivation and cattle grazing,
particularly in tropical regions. Urbanization and
infrastructure development, like roads and cities, also
contribute significantly to deforestation, especially in
rapidly developing areas. Logging, both legal and
illegal, for timber and paper products results in further
forest loss, while mining operations require the
clearing of vast forested areas to extract minerals and
fossil fuels. The environmental consequences of
deforestation include habitat destruction, loss of
biodiversity, soil erosion, and significant
contributions to climate change due to the release of
stored carbon.

12
  Plant Setup:
 Choose a Location: Identify areas that need reforestation, focusing on degraded
land or regions rich in biodiversity.

 Select Native Plants: Use native tree and plant species to help restore the local
ecosystem and attract wildlife.

 Create a Nursery: Start a nursery to grow seedlings from collected seeds before
planting them in the selected areas.

 Plant Trees: Prepare the soil and plant the seedlings, ensuring they have enough
space and resources to grow.

 Support Wildlife: Create habitats and corridors for animals by planting diverse
species that provide food and shelter.

 Maintain the Area: Regularly water, weed, and monitor the plants to ensure
healthy growth and protect them from pests.

 Involve the Community: Educate

local communities about the benefits of
forests and involve them in planting and
caring for the trees.

 Monitor Progress: Keep track of plant

growth and the return of wildlife to
measure the success of your efforts.

13
 IMPACTS

Deforestaion can have various impacts, including:

Loss of Habitat: When forests are cut down, many animals and plants lose their
homes, leading to the extinction of species.

Decrease in Biodiversity: Fewer species mean less variety in ecosystems,

making them weaker and less resilient to changes.

Climate Change: Trees absorb carbon dioxide; when they are removed, more
greenhouse gases are released, contributing to global warming.

Soil Erosion: Without tree roots to hold the soil in place, erosion occurs, which
can damage land and reduce its fertility.

Water Cycle Disruption: Forests help maintain local weather patterns; their
removal can lead to reduced rainfall and water availability.

Impact on Indigenous Communities: Many indigenous people rely on forests

for their livelihoods and culture, and deforestation threatens their way of life.

14
 PROS & CONS
 Pros of deforestation:
1. Economic Development:
o Provides land for agriculture, housing, and infrastructure, leading to job creation
and economic growth.
2. Resource Extraction:
o Supplies timber and other forest products, contributing to industries like
construction and paper.
3. Agricultural Expansion:
o Increases food production by converting forests into farmland for crops and
livestock.
4. Infrastructure Improvement:
o Allows for the development of roads and cities, improving access and
connectivity for communities.

 Cons of deforestation:
1. Loss of Biodiversity:
o Destroys habitats, leading to extinction of plant and animal species.
2. Climate Change:
o Increases greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to global warming.
3. Soil Erosion:
o Without trees to hold the soil, it becomes eroded, leading to loss of fertile land.
4. Disruption of Water Cycles:
o Alters rainfall patterns, which can cause droughts and floods.
5. Impact on Indigenous Communities:
o Displaces local people who depend on forests for their livelihoods and culture.
6. Health Issues:
o Air pollution from burning forests can cause respiratory problems for nearby
populations.
15
 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, deforestation is a big problem with serious effects. While it

can create jobs and provide land for farming and housing, it also harms the
environment by destroying habitats, contributing to climate change, and affecting
water cycles. Local communities, especially those who depend on forests, suffer as
well. To protect our planet, we need to find ways to develop responsibly while saving
our forests. This balance will help us enjoy economic benefits without harming the
environment for future generations.

16
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express our special thanks to gratitude to our respected

Mr. Tarange Sir, as well as our principal who gave us the Golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic, which also
helped in doing a lot to research and also, I came to know about so
many new and interesting things. I would like to express our
thankfulness to Head of the department and other faculty members of
our third-ear department for extending their support and motivation.

17