ARTAPP • Art as Distinct from Nature - Art’s distinctiveness;

art re ects a unique perspective of nature, distinct

LESSON 1 | EXPLORING ARTISTIC CONCEPTS: A
from its inherent beauty.
COMPREHENSIVE INTRODUCTION
• The Essence of Experiential Art - all art depends
• Art - embraces a diverse spectrum of human on experience.
activities, yielding expressive products. An act of
giving form to thoughts, sentiments, and Basic Philosophical Perspective of Arts
observations—bridge between the tangible and the • Art as mimesis (Plato) - mimesis: imitation, all
intangible. artistic creation is a form of imitation, art is an
imitation of life.

De nitions of Art by Prominent Figures in • Art as representation (Aristotle) - Art is a form of

Philosophy and Literature imitation, representation of nature in the medium of
human actions.
• Dostoevsky - Art is as much a need for humanity
as eating and drinking. Man thirsts for beauty, nds • Art for art’s sake (Immanuel Kant) - approaching
and accepts beauty without conditions. art as in the critique of judgement, the purpose of
art is to be “purposeless”.
• Nietzsche - Art is essentially the a rmation, the
blessing, and the dei cation of existence. Art is a • Art as an expression of emotion (Leo Tolstoy) -
means of coping with the world we live in. Art as the communication of feelings from artist to
viewer through external signs.
• Oscar Wilde - Art is the most intense mode of
individualism that the world has known. Art is an
attempt at immortality. Genres of Arts
• John Dewey - Art is an attitude of spirit, a state of • Visual Arts - Visual artworks, perceived through
mind, one that demands its own satisfaction and our eyes: graphic arts and plastic arts.
ful lling.
• Graphic Arts - at two-dimensional surfaces:
• Plato - Art brings life in harmony with the beauty of painting, drawing, photography, book design,
the world. advertisements, signage, posters, and promotional
displays.

Value of Art • Plastic Arts - three-dimensional forms:

architectural designs, building construction,
• Hedonistic Theory - the most valuable aspect of landscape architecture, sculptures, jewelry,
art is the sense of pleasure, to be beautiful art must ceramics, leatherworks, and weaving.
have a purpose—it must communicate something.
• Performing Arts - engaging movement, speech,
• Moralistic or Platonic Theory - Art is a and gestures: theater, plays, dance, and music.
representation of the good.
• Literary Arts - art of language and storytelling:
• Intellectualistic Theory - the object of art is truth; short stories, novels, poetry, and dramas.
beauty is truth.
• Popular Arts - lm, newspapers, magazines, radio,
and television.
Assumption of Arts • Gustatory Art of Cuisine - culinary skill: artistry of
• Universality of Art - ability to resonate with food preparation.
individuals regardless of their origin, time, cultural • Decorative Arts - applied arts: objects crafted for
background. Art connects people across adorning homes, o ces, vehicles, and other
generations and cultures through its enduring structures.
appeal.
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 • Digital Arts - digital paintings, computer-generated • Catharsis and Emotional Release - means for
graphics, digital sculptures, and interactive individuals to release emotions.
installations.
• Cultural Preservation - as a cultural vessel,
• Street Art and Gra ti - urban art, murals, and preserving traditions, rituals, and customs, and
gra ti, often created in public spaces, re ecting strengthening cultural identity within communities.
contemporary urban culture, social commentary,
• Entertainment and Recreation - Art, in various
and personal expression.
forms such as literature, cinema, and performance,
• Performance Art - live presentations where the o ers entertainment and leisure, bringing joy,
artist's body, actions, and emotions become the escape, and recreation to audiences.
medium for creative expression.
• Educational Tool - encourages critical thinking
• Installation Art - immersive three-dimensional and creativity in education.
environments.
• Video Art - video technology: narratives, visual LESSON 2 | ART THROUGH THE AGES
e ects, or abstract visual compositions.
• Cave Art or Paleolithic Art - the earliest known
• Virtual Reality (VR) Art - virtual reality artworks art-making in human history; paintings on walls of
that transport viewers into digital experiences. prehistoric caves depicting animals, human gures
• Bio Art - merges art with biology: genetics, —includes relief carvings and portable sculptural
biotechnology, and the relationships between objects.
humans and nature.
• Venus of Willendorf - a sculpture of a woman
• Sound Art - auditory experiences. with exaggerated female features; symbolizing
principles of femininity or fertility.

Functions of Art • The Lascaux Cave - one of the most impressive

in the Paleolithic period, features many di erent
• Personal or Individual Expression - Artists paintings across several chambers.
engage in art for deeply personal reasons.
• The Hall of Bulls - used as gathering places for
• Social Commentary and Advocacy - Art serves spiritual rituals or ceremonies— includes a
as a powerful medium for addressing societal painting featuring a large number of prehistoric
issues. animals.
• Economic Value - as a source of livelihood for
artists, supporting industries such as galleries,
• In Ancient Egypt, art was magical—art had the
auctions, and art markets.
power to maintain universal order and grant
• Historical Documentation - as a historical record, immortal life by appealing to various gods to act
capturing moments, gures, and events of a on behalf of people.
particular era.
• Structural Foundations - Art extends beyond
traditional aesthetics to contribute to architecture • Classical Art - encompasses the cultures of
Greece and Rome—the cornerstone of Western
and design.
civilization.
• Aesthetic Enhancement - Artworks enchance our
surroundings, transforming spaces into visually • The idealized human form - the noblest subject
of art in Greece and was the foundation for a
captivating and emotionally engaging
standard of beauty. Greek ideal of beauty was
environments.
grounded in a canon of proportions.
• Therapeutic and Healing - Art therapy—
therapeutic bene ts. • Spear Bearer Doryphoros - a sculpture of a well-
built warrior by Polykleitos.
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 • Polykleitos - a prominent Greek sculptor; • Rococo - a style of an elaborate method of
balanced and harmonious dimensions of the body. decorating; by extremely wealthy aristocrats and
• Roman Art - spans the centuries of the Republic those in power.
and of the later Empire. • Neoclassicism - a style of sharply de ned lines
• The Colosseum - the largest amphitheater in the and brushstrokes, creating smooth areas.
Roman world, a freestanding structure made of • Romanticism - consisted of more bold colors that
stone and concrete. were often brighter or even darker than they
naturally appeared.

• The Medieval Era - renowned for their use of • Impressionism - capturing transitory moments,
valuable and precious materials; more decorative, the eeting e ect of light, atmosphere and
made of precious metals, ivory carvings. movement. Contemporary landscapes and scenes
of modern life, bourgeois leisure and recreation.
• Post-Impressionism - favored an emphasis on
• Renaissance - from the Italian word “rinascita” or more symbolic content, formal order and structure.
“rebirth” a period of rebirth in almost all the cultural Includes Monet’s Waterlilies, a Series of
and societal faculties. Waterscapes and van Gogh’s Starry Night.
• Humanism - a philosophy which places man at the • Neo-Impressionists - invented a new painting
center of the universe. technique known as pointillism.
• Realism - depicted the human form with • Symbolism - abstract use of symbols; emphasized
anatomical correctness. the meaning behind the forms, lines, shapes, and
colors—form images from dreams.
• Naturalism - depicted with more realism,
appearing more true to nature. • Art Nouveau - sought to bring modernity and
elegance to composition and design.
• Contrapposto - an Italian word, meaning
“counterpoise” making the composition more uid • Expressionism - focused on subjective self-
and life-like. expression; bold colors and contrasts
characterized expressionism.
• Chiaroscuro - meaning “light-dark” it is the
contrasts of light and dark, which creates a three- • The Scream - an autobiographical, expressionistic
dimensional e ect. construction based on Munch's actual experience
of a scream.
• Sfumato - smoky, soft, or blurry. A technique used
to blur colors from light to dark so that they • Fauvism - used bright colors, strong lines and
combined into a haziness. contrast.
• Linear perspective or One-point perspective - • Cubism - transition from the world of standardized
vanishing point, utilized to create a sense of three- Cartesian coordinates and interchangeable
dimensionality in paintings. machine parts to a Galvanic world of continuities
and ows.

• Mannerism - a highly imaginative period in art; a • Futurism - embraced completely the emerging
more intellectual and expressive approach. electromagnetic view of reality.

• Madonna with the long neck - this work focuses

on the Madonna, whose extenuated limbs and LESSON 3 | SUBJECT AND CONTENT IN ART
monumental scale ll the center of the canvas. • Subject - what is represented in a work of art;
• Caravaggio - “the father of the Baroque.” what the work of art depicts.
• Baroque - combined chiaroscuro and tenebrism; • Content - the sensory, subjective, psychological,
used by those with deeply-held Catholic faith. or emotional properties in a work of art; meaning.
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 • Representational Art - recognizable things like • Horizontal line - relaxing, quiet, sleep, inactivity,
people, objects, or places. tranquillity, stillness.
• Nonrepresentational Art - more about shapes, • Vertical line - up, observant, sti , rm, stable,
colors, and designs rather than showing speci c strong, self-restraint, and disciplined.
things.
• Shape - outline or outward appearance when a line
becomes connected. It is two dimensional (2-D).
Ways of Presenting the Subject (“Last Supper” by Ang Kiukok)

• Realism - depicting subjects just as they appear in • Organic shapes - shapes that are more
real life. (“Girl with a Pearl Earring" by Johannes complicated edges and are usually found in nature.
Vermeer) • Geometric shapes - shapes that are smooth and
• Abstraction - artwork that doesn't directly even edges and are measurable.
resemble real-life objects. ("Composition VIII” by • Form - a shape that has become three
Wassily Kandinsky) dimensional (3-D). (“The Oblation” by Guillermo
• Surrealism - goes beyond realism; dreams and Tolentino)
fantasies. (Salvador Dalí's "The Persistence of • Space - divided into three parts: foreground,
Memory”) middle ground, and background. (“Dalagang
• Symbolism - subjects that symbolize deeper Bukid” by Fernando Amorsolo)
meanings. (Gustav Klimt's "The Kiss”) • Texture - it is a way the surface of an object
• Fauvism - employs vibrant, bold colors to convey actually feels. (“Davao Fruits” by Victorio Edades)
emotions and sensations with the subject. (Henri • Tactile texture - the way the surface of an object
Matisse's "The Dance”) actually feels.
• Dadaism - real-life subjects in unconventional and • Implied texture - the way the surface of an object
sometimes unsettling ways. (Marcel Duchamp's looks like it feels.
“Fountain")
• Value - the visible lightness or darkness of a color.
• Expressionism - depicting subjects in ways that (“Crisis in Humanity” by Benedicto Cabrera)
evoke intense feelings. (Edvard Munch's "The
• Color - the appearance of light re ected in an
Scream”)
object and is the basic element in painting.
• Impressionism - impression of a subject, often (“Katipunan” by Carlos “Botong” Francisco)
emphasizing the e ects of light. (Claude Monet's
"Impression, Sunrise”)
Principles of design
• Principles of design - guides to arranging the
• Art Style - the unique manipulation and
structure and form of art.
arrangement of artistic elements.
• Harmony - when all the elements of a thing are put
together with a coherent whole. All elements go
LESSON 4 | ELEMENTS OF ART AND PRINCIPLES together in a pleasing way. (“Fruit Displayed on a
OF DESIGN Stand” by Gustave Caillebotte)
• Elements of arts - building blocks and key • Balance - physical equilibrium. (“The Last Supper”
components of a work of art. by Leonardo da Vinci)
• Line - a connection between dots or points. It can • Rhythm - the repetitive pattern, continuous or
convey emotions. (“Cities of the Past” by Arturo owing. (“Fall Plowing” by Grant Wood)
Luz)
• Emphasis - proper importance to one or more
parts; the visual ampli cation. (Impression, Sunrise)
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 • Proportion - the comparative relationship of the • Resilience and Embracing Imperfection - the
di erent parts. creative process is not always smooth, and artists
• Movement - a particular rhythmic ow of an may encounter challenges or setbacks.
object. (“The Starry Night” by Vincent van Gogh) • Connection and Empathy - works that resonate
• Contrast - used to di erentiate between two with their audience on a deeper level.
things to create interest and tension. • Embracing Ambiguity - aspects of human
• Gradation - combining elements by using a series experience cannot be fully expressed or
understood through words alone.
of gradual changes.
• Liberation and Expression of the Unconscious -
• Variety - diversity or contrast.
means for artists to tap into their unconscious
mind.
LESSON 6 | MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUE IN THE • Honoring the Present Moment - encourages
ART artists to be present in the creative process.
• Medium - also called a “vehicle” or a “base”. • Social and Cultural Commentary - art can extend
Materials used to create a work of art. (Oil and beyond personal expression to address societal
acrylic for painting and stone and bronze for and cultural issues.
sculpture.)
• Legacy and Immortality - allows artists to leave a
• Technique - the artist method of employing skills lasting impact on the world, transcending their
and materials to achieve his or her desired goal; physical existence.
how the artist manipulates.
• Hard Materials - oldest and the most popular
Categories of Soulmaking
forms of sculpture that are produced are made with
hard materials. • Crafting Images - refers to imaging or
representing in any form, which maybe through
• Kinetic sculptures - produced with movement.
painting, sculpting, drawing, story telling, poetry,
• Environmental sculpture - created using natural dancing, composing or taking notes.
materials such as stones, wood, and plants.
• Crafting Stories - the moment we write, engrave
• Sound - three-dimensional structures that produce and even inscribe in our thoughts, ideas, criticism,
sound; also known as sound installation. emotions we are crafting stories.
• Light - uses light or lighting as primary medium to • Crafting Instruments - produces sounds and it
produce an artistic e ect. (Dan Flavin - light bridges to the unknown. It transcends feelings,
sculptures using uorescent lighting tubes in emotions and sensations in another realm.
geometric arrays.)
• Crafting Movements - the rhythm, accompanied
by owing narratives.
LESSON 7 | THE ART OF SOUL-MAKING: • Crafting Techniques - anything can be crafted by
EXPLORING SELF-EXPRESSION IN ART using di erent techniques, it is expressing yourself
APPRECIATION in di erent evocative expressions.
• Authenticity and Individuality - strong emphasis
on the value of upholding individuality. LESSON 8 | ART CRITICISM
• Transformation and Personal Development - Sa • Describe - what you see and all the visual facts in
growth-promoting journey of self-discovery and the artwork.
development through the arts.
• Analyze - the sensory qualities and signi cant
• Spiritual Exploration - beyond the materialistic elements of art and principles of designs.
aspect of art and upon spiritual dimensions.
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• Interpret - the meaning of the artwork and give
emphasis on what the artist wants to communicate
to the viewers.
• Judge - your personal assessment based on your
comprehension of the meaning of the artwork.

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