Question 1:
Translate the following into a standard-form categorical claim:
Not every product that’s organic is actually a chemical-free product.
a) All organic products are chemical-free products.
b) No organic products are chemical-free products.
c) Some organic products are not chemical-free products.
d) Some chemical-free products are not organic products.
Answer: C
Question 2:
Translate the following into a standard-form categorical claim:
The only organic products are chemical-free products.
a) Some chemical-free products are organic products.
b) Some organic products are chemical-free products.
c) All organic products are chemical-free products.
d) All chemical-free products are organic products.
Answer: C
Question 3:
Translate the following into a standard-form categorical claim:
Chemical-free products are the only organic products.
a) All organic products are chemical-free products.
b) Some chemical-free products are organic products.
c) Some organic products are chemical-free products.
d) No organic products are chemical-free products.
Answer:A
Question 4:
Translate the following into a standard-form categorical claim:
Only organic products are chemical-free products.
a) All organic products are chemical-free products.
b) All chemical-free products are organic products.
c) Some chemical-free products are not organic products.
d) Some organic products are not chemical-free products.
Answer: B
Question 5:
Translate the following into a standard-form categorical claim:
Chemical-free products are not the only organic products.
a) All chemical-free products are organic products.
b) Some organic products are not chemical-free products.
c) Some chemical-free products are not organic products.
d) All organic products are chemical-free products.
Answer: B
Question 6:
Translate the following into a standard-form categorical claim:
It’s not only chemical-free products that are organic.
a) All organic products are chemical-free products.
b) No organic products are chemical-free products.
c) Some organic products are not chemical-free products.
d) Some chemical-free products are organic products.
Answer: C
Question 7:
Translate the following into a standard-form categorical claim:
Not all savings institutions are banks.
a) All savings institutions are banks.
b) Some savings institutions are not banks.
c) Some banks are savings institutions.
d) No savings institutions are banks.
Answer: B
Question 8:
Translate the following into a standard-form categorical claim:
Banks are the only savings institutions.
a) All savings institutions are banks.
b) Some savings institutions are banks.
c) No savings institutions are banks.
d) Some banks are not savings institutions.
Answer: A
Question 9:
Translate the following into a standard-form categorical claim:
Banks are not the only savings institutions.
a) All savings institutions are banks.
b) No banks are savings institutions.
c) Some savings institutions are not banks.
d) Some banks are savings institutions.
Answer: C
Question 10:
Translate the following into a standard-form categorical claim:
Only banks can be savings institutions.
a) All savings institutions are banks.
b) Some savings institutions are banks.
c) No banks are savings institutions.
d) Some banks are not savings institutions.
Answer: A
Question 11
If the statement "All surprises are unpleasant events" is true, what follows about
the other statements?
A. No surprises are unpleasant events is true.
B. Some surprises are unpleasant events is false.
C. Some surprises are not unpleasant events is true.
D. Some surprises are unpleasant events is true.
Answer: D
Question 12
If the statement "Some winters are dry seasons" is true, what follows about the
other statements?
A. No winters are dry seasons is false.
B. All winters are dry seasons is false.
C. Some winters are not dry seasons is true.
D. Both B and C.
Answer: A
Question 13
If the statement "No guppies are egg-layers" is false, what follows about the other
statements?
A. All guppies are egg-layers is false.
B. Some guppies are egg-layers is true.
C. Some guppies are not egg-layers is false.
D. Both B and C.
Answer: B
Question 14
If the statement "Some frozen dinners are nutritious meals" is false, what follows
about the other statements?
A. All frozen dinners are nutritious meals is false.
B. No frozen dinners are nutritious meals is true.
C. Some frozen dinners are not nutritious meals is false.
D. Both A and B.
Answer: D
Question 15
If the statement "Some efficient leaders are not lawyers" is true, what follows
about the other statements?
A. All efficient leaders are lawyers is false.
B. No efficient leaders are lawyers is true.
C. Some efficient leaders are lawyers is true.
D. Both B and C.
Answer: A
Question 16
Reconstruct the following into standard-form syllogism and determine its validity.
Some athletes are not baseball players, and some baseball players are not
basketball players. Therefore, some athletes are not basketball players.
A. Valid
B. Invalid: Breaks rule 1
C. Invalid: Breaks rule 2
D. Invalid: Breaks rule 3
Answer: B
Question 17
Reconstruct the following into standard-form syllogism and determine its validity.
Rats are disease-carrying pests and, as such, should be eradicated, because such
pests should all be eradicated.
A. Valid
B. Invalid: Breaks rule 1
C. Invalid: Breaks rule 2
D. Invalid: Breaks rule 3
Answer: A
Question 18
Reconstruct the following into standard-form syllogism and determine its validity.
All creationists are religious.
All fundamentalists are religious.
All creationists are fundamentalists.
A. Valid
B. Invalid: Breaks rule 1
C. Invalid: Breaks rule 2
D. Invalid: Breaks rule 3
Answer: C
Question 19
Reconstruct the following into standard-form syllogism and determine its validity.
All cave dwellers lived before the invention of the radio, and no one alive today
is a cave dweller. Thus, no person who lived before the invention of the radio is
alive today.
A. Valid
B. Invalid: Breaks rule 1
C. Invalid: Breaks rule 2
D. Invalid: Breaks rule 3
Answer: D
Question 20
Reconstruct the following into standard-form syllogism and determine its validity.
Since all philosophers are skeptics, it follows that no theologian is a skeptic,
since no philosophers are theologians.
A. Valid
B. Invalid: Breaks rule 1
C. Invalid: Breaks rule 2
D. Invalid: Breaks rule 3
Answer: D
Question 21
Reconstruct the following into standard-form syllogism and determine its validity.
Slovenia is an independent Balkan country. All of the former parts of Yugoslavia
are now independent Balkan countries, so Slovenia must be a former part of
Yugoslavia.
A. Valid
B. Invalid: Breaks rule 1
C. Invalid: Breaks rule 2
D. Invalid: Breaks rule 3
Answer: C
Question 22
Reconstruct the following into standard-form syllogism and determine its validity.
All voters are citizens. Some citizens are not residents. Some voters are not
residents.
A. Valid
B. Invalid: Breaks rule 1
C. Invalid: Breaks rule 2
D. Invalid: Breaks rule 3
Answer: C
Question 23
Reconstruct the following into standard-form syllogism and determine its validity.
All cave dwellers are people who lived before radio.
No people alive today are cave dwellers.
No people who lived before radio are people alive today.
A. Valid
B. Invalid: Breaks rule 1
C. Invalid: Breaks rule 2
D. Invalid: Breaks rule 3
Answer: D
Question 24
Reconstruct the following into standard-form syllogism and determine its validity.
All systems that can give unlimited storage are systems with removable disks.
No standard hard disks are systems with removable disks.
No standard hard disks are systems that can give unlimited storage.
A. Valid
B. Invalid: Breaks rule 1
C. Invalid: Breaks rule 2
D. Invalid: Breaks rule 3
Answer: A
Question 25
Reconstruct the following into standard-form syllogism and determine its validity.
No off-road vehicles are vehicles allowed in the unimproved portion of the park.
Some off-road vehicles are not four-wheel-drive vehicles.
Some four-wheel-drive vehicles are allowed in the unimproved portion of the park.
A. Valid
B. Invalid: Breaks rule 1
C. Invalid: Breaks rule 2
D. Invalid: Breaks rule 3
Answer: B