ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND
CIRCUITS LAB
PROJECT REPORT
TITLE – AUTOMATIC TURN ON OFF
LIGHT
TEAM MEMBERS –
VANSH KHANDELWAL 22JE1054
VAIBHAV PANDA 22JE1045
VADTHYA SRIKANTH 22JE1039
1
Table of Contents
Introduction
Project Concept
Automatic Street Light Project Block Diagram
Components Required
Tools Required
Automatic Street Light Project Circuit Diagram
Circuit Wiring
Working Principle of Automatic Street Light Project
o Daylight Condition
o Night (Dark) Condition
Project Concept
This is a very simple and low-cost project. Few components are used to
build this project. The key components of the Automatic Street Light
Project are LDR, LM358 Op-Amp IC, BC547 transistor, and Relay. The
LDR is used to detect the Dark and Light of the surrounding. The LM358
Op-Amp IC compares the LDR output in Dark and Light conditions and
produces an output voltage. Here the BC547 transistor works as a switch,
which is controlled by the output of LM358 Op-Amp IC. This transistor is
used to control the Relay. The relay is an electronic switch that can control
AC/DC devices. Here the relay controls the AC Street light.
Components Required
Components Name Quantity
LM358 comparator IC 1
BC547 Transistor (T1) 1
LDR or Light Dependent Resistor (R2) 1
10K Potentiometer (RV1) 1
10k ohm Resistor (R1) 1
1K ohm Resistor (R3, R4) 2
10uf Electrolytic Capacitor (C1) 1
1N4007 Diode (D2) 1
Green LED (D1) 1
Slide Switch (SW1) 1
Terminal Block for power input 1
9v Power supply 1
Connecting Wires As required in the circuit diagram
Circuit Wiring
The LM358 IC Vcc Pin (Pin8) is connected to the positive terminal of the
power supply and the ground Pin (Pin4) is connected to the negative
terminal of the power supply. The LM358 IC Comparator-1 inverting
terminal (IC Pin 2) is connected to a 10 K potentiometer and the node
point of 10K ohm resistor (R1) and LDR (R2) is connected at its non-
inverting terminal (IC Pin 3). LM358 IC’s output (IC Pin 1) is connected
to the base terminal of the BC547 transistor (T1) through a 1K ohm
resistor (R4). The transistor collector terminal is connected to the Ground
of the 9v power supply and the Emitter terminal is connected to the
junction point of the 1k resistor (R4), 1N4007 Diode (D2) Anode(+)
terminal, and Relay pin2.
Working Principle of Automatic Street Light
Project
The LM358 IC is comparing voltage coming from 10 K Potentiometer
(RV1) and LDR (R2). The potentiometer is used to set a reference voltage
at the inverting terminal (IC Pin 2) of the comparator-1, it is used to adjust
the LDR sensitivity.
Daylight Condition
In the daytime, a huge amount of sunlight is present in the surrounding.
So, sunlight directly falls on the LDR surface. This time LDR gives Low
output voltage to the non-inverting terminal (IC Pin 3) of the LM358 Op-
Amp IC. Then LM358 IC compares this voltage with the reference
voltage.
In this condition, the input voltage at the non-inverting terminal (IC Pin
3) is less than the inverting terminal (IC Pin 2) of the IC. So the IC output
(Pin1) is Low, So, IC does not provide enough voltage at the base terminal
of the transistor. For this reason, the transistor is in off condition, so the
Relay is also off. It means Street Light is OFF.
Night (Dark) Condition
In the night time, light does not fall on the LDR surface. This time LDR
gives High output voltage to the non-inverting terminal (IC Pin 3) of the
LM358 Op-Amp IC. Then LM358 IC again compares this voltage with the
reference voltage.
In this condition, the input voltage at the non-inverting terminal (IC Pin 3)
of the comparator-1 is greater than the inverting terminal (IC Pin 2) of the
comparator-1. So the comparator-1 output is High. Then the transistor will
turn on. So the Relay gets input voltage and now it is activated. It means
Street Light is ON.
Automatic Street Light Project Circuit Diagram
Automatic Street Light Project using LM358 Circuit Diagram