Module 2

Title: Introduction to OSH

Title of the Lesson: Housekeeping
Duration: 2 hrs
Introduction:
This module aims to introduce you to the importance of good housekeeping in preventing
most common accidents in the workplace (we also think it will be good to implement in
your homes and schools).

The 5S, a Japanese concept that aims to optimize time for production, is a very practical,
simple and proven approach to improving housekeeping in the workplace. Housekeeping
is important because it lessens accidents and related injuries and illnesses. It therefore
improves productivity and minimizes direct/indirect costs of accidents/illnesses.
Housekeeping means putting everything in its proper place. It is everybody’s business to
observe it in the workplace.

Objectives

Working on this module should help you to

1. explain the value of practicing good housekeeping
2. recall and explain the role of management, supervisor and employees in good
housekeeping activities
3. identify and discuss good housekeeping practices

What is Housekeeping?

A good housekeeping can eliminate some workplace hazards and help get a job
done safely and properly. Poor housekeeping often contributes to accidents by hiding
hazards that cause injuries. If the sight of paper, debris, clutter and spills is accepted
as normal, then other more serious health and safety hazards may be taken for
granted.

Housekeeping is not just cleanliness. It includes keeping work areas neat and
orderly; maintaining halls and floors free of slip and trip hazards; and eliminating of
waste materials (e.g., paper, cardboard) and other fire hazards from work areas. It
also requires giving consideration to important details such as the design of the whole
workplace, aisle marking, the adequacy of storage facilities, and maintenance. Good
housekeeping is also a basic part of accident and fire prevention.
 Effective housekeeping is a continuing operation: it is not a hit-and-miss cleanup
done irregularly. Periodic "panic" cleanups are pricey and ineffective in reducing
accidents.
[Link]

Source : [Link]
Source: [Link]

A. Elements of Effective Housekeeping

1. Maintenance
The maintenance of buildings and equipment may be the most
essential element of good housekeeping. It involves keeping
buildings, equipment and machinery in safe, efficient working order
and in good repair.
2. Dust and Dirt Removal
Vacuum cleaners are suitable for removing light dust and dirt that is
not otherwise hazardous. The dust and grime that collect in places
like shelves, piping, conduits, light fixtures, reflectors, windows,
cupboards and lockers needs manual cleaning.
3. Employee Facilities
Employee facilities need to be sufficient, clean and well
maintained. The eating area should be separate from the work area
and should be cleaned properly each shift.
4. Floor and other areas.
Floor areas must be kept clean and free from obstruction
5. Maintain light fixtures
Clean light fixtures regularly to improve lighting efficiency
6. Aisles and Stairways
 Walkways and aisles must be kept clear. Stairways and halls must
not be used for storage.
7. Spill Control Stop spills before it happen, that is the best way to
control them. Cleaning and maintaining machines and equipment
regularly is one way to this.
8. Tools and Equipment It is very important for everyone’s safety to
keep tools and equipment neat and organized, It ca be on tool room,
on the rack, in the yard, or on the bench.
9. Waste Disposal Separate materials that can be recycled from those
going to waste disposal facilities.. Waste must be place in proper
labeled containers
10. Storage
Materials stored should not block aisles, stairs, exits, fire equipment,
emergency eyewash fountains, emergency showers, or first aid
stations.
11. Fire Prevention
Maintain combustible materials in the work area merely in the
amounts needed for the job. Quick-burning, flammable materials
must be stored in designated places away from ignition sources.
[Link]

[Link]

B. What is 5S all about?

Source: [Link]
5S is a process intended to organize the workplace, keep it clean, and maintain
effective and standard conditions. It introduces the discipline required to let each
individual to achieve and maintain a world-class environment. It is the first and
fundamental steps employed by an enterprise towards the path of employing Total Quality
Management and continuous development at the operation level.
 5S is the acronym for five Japanese words: Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu and
Shitsuke and they represent the five steps for a systematic technique for good
housekeeping
[Link]
nagement/AssetPDF/Bulletin%20EQM%2089%20-%[Link]

5S is a systematized approach to:

• organizing work areas
• keeping rules and standards
• maintaining discipline

5S utilizes:
• workplace organization
• work simplification techniques

5S practice…
• develops positive attitude among workers
• cultivates an environment of efficiency, effectiveness and
economy

5S Philosophy

• Productivity comes from the elimination of waste

• It is necessary to attack the root cause of a problem, not just
symptoms
• Participation of everybody is required
• To acknowledge that the human being is not infallible

5 Steps of 5S
1. Seiri/Sort/Suriin . means sorting out unnecessary items and
discarding them.

[Link]

Meaning Method Benefits

 This means  First decide what is necessary  Your useful
distinguishing or and what is unnecessary. To find floor is
sort out between out unnecessary items you saved.
‘wanted’ and should not only check the floor
‘unwanted items’ but also shelves, lockers,  Your
at place of work storehouse, stairs, roofs, notice searching
and removal of boards, etc. time of tools,
unwanted items materials,
 Put a red tag on unnecessary and papers
items and keep them in a is reduced.
separate area.

 You have
 Discard or throw those items better flow
which have not been used in the of work.
past one year.
 Your
 Things used once in 6 to 12 inventory
months may be stored at a cost of
distance from work station unnecessary
items is
reduced
 Things used more than once a
month should be available at a
central point in the workplace

 Things used
hourly/everyday/once a week
should be near the work station
or may be worn by or kept in the
pocket of your worker there.
[Link]
nagement/AssetPDF/Bulletin%20EQM%2089%20-%[Link]

2. Seiton/Systematize/ Sinupin means we need to organize

things

[Link]
 Meaning Method Benefits
Arranging items in  If necessary, reassign spaces,  You take
such a manner racks, cabinets, etc. things out
that they are easy and keep
to use. Labelling  Decide the right places for things back
them so that they everything. easily.
are easy to find
and put back. This  Put all materials and equipment  You make
means a place for at a place allocated to them with lesser
everything proper label or signalization. Use mistakes.
(necessary) and alerts or indications for out-of You reduce
everything in its stock situations. searching
place. No more time.
homeless items.  Use floor paint marking to define
working area, path, entrance/exit,  Your work
safety equipment, cart/ trolley environment
locations, etc. becomes
safe
 Use standard color coding for
pipelines for steam, water, gas,
drainage, etc.

 Use display cautions, messages,

instructions at proper place at
proper height and written clearly

3. Seiso/Sweep/Simutin – is the third S which means we have

to sanitize or clean our workplace.

Source:[Link]
 Meaning Method Benefits
 Divide the total area in zones  Your work
This means and allocate responsibility for place
removing dirt, cleaning for each zone. Your becomes
strain, filth, soot work place becomes free of dirt free of dirt
and dust from the and stains which is the starting and stains
work area. This point for quality. which is the
includes cleaning starting point
and care for for quality.
equipment and  Decide on cleaning points, order
facilities and also of cleaning, type of cleaning,  Your
inspecting them cleaning aid required, etc. equipment
for abnormalities. lifespan will
In a way it also  Display cleaning schedule. be
includes primary prolonged
maintenance of  During cleaning look for and
equipment. Note: defective conditions (loose bolts, breakdowns
Cleaning is not vibrations, excessive sound, high will be less.
polishing, etc., to temperature, fallen tools, etc.)
make the piece of and solve the problem.  Creates a
equipment more pleasant
beautiful – it looks  Allocate space for storage of environment.
after its condition cleaning aids and consumables Prevents
and fitness for for cleaning. accidents.
use.

4. Seiketsu/Standardize/Siguruhin – is the fourth S which

means we have to standardize what we are doing.

[Link]
 Meaning Method Benefits
This call for  Document procedures and  Your
systematizing the guidelines for sorting, set in order activities will
above 4S and shine. be simplified.
practices. This
means ensuring  Make a checklist for each  You will have
that whatever section and train your people in consistency
cleanliness and using them in the work
orderliness is practices.
achieved should  Carry out periodic evaluation by
be maintained. using the above check list.  You will
This requires that avoid
you should  Use visual management to act mistakes.
develop a work quickly, for example
structure that will putting/using: − Open and shut  With better
support the new directional labels on switches, visual and
practices and turn etc. − Temperature and safety transparency
them into habits. labels − Zone labels on management
The purpose of measuring meters (normal zone, work
standardization is danger zone, etc.) − OK or hold efficiency will
to make sure that marks on product. − Put improve.
everyone in the transparency control − Make
company follows transparent covers of drawers. −
the same Put inspection windows in the
procedure, the metal covers. − Use location
same names of maps with emergency exits, fire
items, the same fighting equipment, etc.
size of
signalization/floor
marking, shapes,
colors, etc.
Standardize also
helps to do the
right thing the
right way every
time.

5. Shitsuke/Sustain (Self- Discipline)/Sariling kusa – is the

fifth and last S which means we have to do this process without
prodding.
 Source: [Link]

Meaning Method Benefits

Sustain also  Create awareness and publicize  Promotes
means the system. For example develop habit for
‘Discipline’. It 5S News, 5S Posters, 5S complying
denotes your Slogans, 5S Day, etc with
commitment to workplace
maintain  Create a structure of how and rules and
orderliness and to when 5S activities will be procedures.
practice first 3S implemented.
as a way of life.  Creates
This also requires  Formulate guidelines for healthy
that your audit/evaluation of 5S atmosphere
employees show implementation. and a good
positive interest work place.
and overcome  Provide management support by
resistance to providing resources and  Helps you to
change leadership. develop
team work.
 Reward and recognize best
performers  Provides
you with
data for
improving
5S.
Source: [Link]
Organizing-Your-eBay-Workspace/ba-p/26163562

Management’s Role

• Providing adequate equipment

• Including housekeeping in the planning of all operations
• Including maintenance of good housekeeping as part of
individual’s job responsibility
• Providing clean-up schedule and personnel
• Maintaining executive supervisory and interest

Supervisor’s Role

• Maintaining constant check on housekeeping conditions

• Seeing that employees maintain good housekeeping
 • Having unusual situations corrected or cleaned up
immediately
• Planning for orderliness in all operations
• Issuing definite instructions to employees
• Insisting on clean-up after every job

Worker’s Role

• Follow housekeeping procedures

• Maintain an orderly workplace
• Report to supervisors any unsafe condition

Visual Control
A technique that enables people to make the rules easy to follow,
differentiate normal and abnormal situations and act accordingly, with the
use of visual aids.

Pointers in making visual control

a. Should be easy to see from a distance
b. Should be properly and strategically located
c. Should be easy to follow
d. Should facilitate distinction of what is right and what is wrong

Key points in the implementation of 5S

1. Start small, easy and proceed slowly but steadily

2. Start with the most suitable “S”
3. Only one or two “S” are enough for the initial practice
4. Set simple, easily achievable and step by step targets
5. Everyone’s participation is important
6. Management should take leadership of 5S movement
7. Record improvements for comparison
8. Devise schemes to stimulate awareness and stimulate enthusiasm
 [Link]
economics/lecture-notes/bosh-manual-narrative-handout/7225145/view

5S Evaluation procedure

1. Walking rally – by to and middle management

2. Fixed point photograph – visual comparison of “before” and “after”
3. Achieved level of evaluation – for predetermined targets which are
upgraded step-by-step after each evaluation
4. Competition – among departments /workplaces
5. Combination of the above

Source: [Link]
mindanao/engineering-economics/lecture-notes/bosh-manual-narrative-
handout/7225145/view

5S Evaluation Form

ITEM FOCUS SCORE

Desks / tables / chairs Are they tidy and conveniently 10 8 6 4 2
organized?
Cabinets/shelves Are they clean and labeled 10 8 6 4 2
for the easy retrieval of things
needed?
Documents/files Are they clean and 10 8 6 4 2
systematically organized?
Forms/office supplies Are they tidy and conveniently 10 8 6 4 2
stored for retrieval?
Telephones Are they clean and 10 8 6 4 2
wellmaintained?
Facsimiles Are they clean and 10 8 6 4 2
wellmaintained?
Typewriters/wordprocessors Are they clean and 10 8 6 4 2
wellmaintained?
Computers/monitors Are they clean and 10 8 6 4 2
wellmaintained?
Printers Are they clean and 10 8 6 4 2
wellmaintained?
Copying machines Are they clean and well- 10 8 6 4 2
maintained?
Electric wiring Is it tidy, safe and 10 8 6 4 2
conveniently laid out for
operation?
Lighting/ventilation Are they adequate for efficient 10 8 6 4 2
operation?
Floors/walls/windows/ceiling Are they dust-free and well- 10 8 6 4 2
maintained?
Fire extinguishers Are they adequate and well- 10 8 6 4 2
maintained?
Emergency exits Are they adequate and clear 10 8 6 4 2
of
obstacles in case of
emergencies?
Safety devices Are they adequate and well- 10 8 6 4 2
maintained?
Working clothes/shoes Are they clean and do they 10 8 6 4 2
present a good image?
Waste baskets Are clean and well- 10 8 6 4 2
maintained?
Others 10 8 6 4 2

Factors leading to the success of 5S

a. Strong sponsorship and leadership of CEO

b. Active promoter/5S committee
c. Good launching activity
d. Regular audits
e. Good documentation
f. Visits by external consultants
g. Competition

Factors that hinder the success of 5S

a. Project sponsor is not the decision maker

b. Organizational policies
c. Lack of experience in undertaking cross-functional activities
d. Lack of top management support
e. Implementation carried out through orders from the management
f. Implementation done by task forces
g. 5S treated as a project
h. Emphasis on immediate results

Example of a Workplace Housekeeping Checklist?

DO:
• Minimize fire hazards by keeping workplace free of accumulated
combustible materials and waste.
• Ensure that exits and aisles are clear of obstructions to allow easy
evacuation of the building.
• Place all trash and scrap in proper containers.
• Keep oily rags in covered metal containers.
• Dispose of hazardous materials in approved marked containers.
• Store equipment and materials in their assigned location.
• Clean air vents and filters to maintain ventilation efficiency.
• Ensure that boxes, drums, and piles are located on a firm
foundation and properly stacked.
 • Clean up tools and unused materials after finishing a job or before
leaving the job site.
• Clean up spills promptly according to procedures, using personal
protective equipment (PPE) where necessary.
• Report hazards such as uneven boards, cracks, burnt-out lights. Fix
immediately.
• Bundle hoses and cables when not in use.
• Place empty containers and pallets in designated locations.
• Dump small containers into larger ones.
• Keep only enough combustible materials at job site for job at hand.

DO NOT:
• Do not pile material around fire extinguishers, sprinklers, or
emergency exits.
• Do not leave clean-up to last few minutes of shift or day.
• Do not clean equipment without "locking out."
• Do not reach into waste containers. Dump contents or remove bag.
• Do not blow off dust with compressed air. Use a vacuum or brush.
• Do not collect broken glass and metal straps in plastic bags.
• Do not use bare hands when collecting waste. Wear gloves to avoid
cuts and splinters.
• Do not place materials on stairs.
• Do not use kegs or boxes as chairs or ladders.
[Link]
economics/lecture-notes/bosh-manual-narrative-handout/7225145/view
[Link]
I. Workspace lay-out
Workspace is the area within which you perform the tasks that add up to your job.
The physical design of a workspace includes setting the amount of space needed and
the positioning of furniture, tools, equipment and any other items necessary to perform
the tasks, in respect to proper posture, access, clearance, reach and vision of the
user.

Poor design of the workspace or bad arrangement of furniture or equipment, may

result in injuries and strains due to adoption of uncomfortable working postures, less
'spare' capacity to deal with unexpected events or emergencies, increased possibility
of errors or accidents, and inefficiency.

Main Objectives of Workspace Layouts.

There are a few aspects you need to consider while designing a good office floor plan or
layout. There are some minimum standards or objectives that an office layout needs to
suffice. The main aim, however, remains to be the streamlined workflow, keeping in mind
employee satisfaction. The following are the main objectives of an office floor plan:

 To ensure proper and effective use of the floor space available;

 To facilitate managers with better supervision and control of their workforce;
 To ensure steady and effective workflow to increase production;
 To provide a wholesome environment to employees to make them feel safe and
comfortable at the workplace;
 To facilitate better inter-communication between various departments by
interlinking them as needed;
 To provide adequate privacy for your staff working on confidential projects;
 To ensure a disturbance-free working environment by insulating the office floor from
external noises;
 To include provisions for future expansion of the company.

How do you optimize your workspace for maximum protection and productivity?

The layout or organization of the work area must allow materials to be handled
without excessive bending, twisting and stretching reduces injuries.

• Have all materials at work level.

• Use adjustable elements at the workplace.
Workbench with adjustable height and tilt improves working position.

Self-adjusting platform automatically matches worker's height

 Ensure that there is enough room to turn around to prevent twisting.

 Use adjustable supports or suspenders to operate heavy tools.

Tool suspender reduces muscular effort and compression on the back.

Tool support eliminates over-stretching and overreaching.

 Use bins that allow easy access.

 Lift-and-tilt device and side opening on bin reduces bending

Source: [Link]

II. Material Storage

 Store materials at a convenient height.
 Leave the lowest shelf unused if necessary.
 Use vertically mobile shelves to avoid bending and overhead reaching.

Source: [Link]

 Use bin racks for storing small items.

 source:[Link]

 Store heavy and frequently used materials at waist height.

 Do not store materials at floor level.

  Use hand trucks with elevating devices in storage and loading areas.

Winch operated.

Coil handling.
 Position work.

 Use trucks with a tilting device to avoid bending.

Box tilter.

 Use elevating platforms to avoid overhead reaching.

Source: [Link]
What can be done to reduce the amount of times material is moved or handled?

 Optimize the movement of materials to eliminate unnecessary manual handling

steps. Options include:
o Combining operation locations.
o Shortening carrying distances.
o Monitoring inventory so that stock is not moved more than necessary.
 Use conveyors, slides, or chutes to link workstations/storage areas or reduce
carrying distance.
 Use an "air" table to help slide packages across a surface.
 Use vertical or horizontal carousels to rotate materials closer to the worker.
 Store materials close to where they are needed.
 Use rollers to eliminate manual lifting and carrying.
 Use floor rollers while loading or unloading trucks to reduce lifting.
 Use a sliding bed while loading and unloading small trucks to avoid overreaching
and carrying in an awkward position.

 Eliminate extra loading or unloading steps where possible.

 Unload as close as possible to the place where material will be needed.
 Use ramps to avoid lifting and dragging over edges.

 Use containers that allow fluids to pour or empty without lifting the container.
 Use a siphon or pump to move liquids instead of lifting the container.
 Use a powered stair climber to reduce effort of carrying of loads, and reduce
force needed to move loads up and down stairs.
 Use vacuum lift to eliminate manual lifting and carrying of large packages,
containers, boxes and barrels.
Source: [Link]

Solving materials handling problems

While quick and easy mobilization and storage of materials is a necessity in the
workplace, the tendency to deviate from a safe way of doing it happens, unmindful of the
adverse consequences to both the person and the material.

These are simple things to consider in solving materials handling problems:

What will be moved? Determine the item/s you wish to move and then adopt the
applicable method that will provide safety for you and protection for the material.

Where to move these items? A simple mapping of the movement direction could save
time and effort.

How often will these be moved? There are certain materials that are moved every now
and then depending on the need. Provisions for easy movement should be made in these
cases.
How many will be moved? Always have special handling equipment that could do the
job especially if there is a large number of a material to be moved.
How far will the materials be moved? In order to minimize time and effort, the distance
to be moved must be considered. It is suggested that only in rare instances should an
item or material be moved to a far location, particularly if this would involve manual
handling. Observe the location of the storage with respect to its movement: the closer it
is, the less movement is needed.

How will the materials be moved? Manual or mechanical handling may be used,
depending on the circumstances and characteristics of the materials.

With these guidelines, possible injury to you or your co-workers can be eliminated and
total protection for materials when handling and storing them can be ensured.
In summary, it is you who can prevent materials handling accidents and injuries. You can
achieve this by remembering the following:

• Be alert for hazards.

• Follow company safety regulations.
• Take your time and don't take chances.
• Use proper lifting techniques; use legs not the back.
• Get help or mechanical assistance if in doubt.
• Wear protective gear.
• Keep an eye on what others are doing.
• Let other workers know what you're doing

Source: [Link]
[Link]

Compiled By:
Engr. Jovita SP. Domingo
EE Faculty

Noted By:
Engr. Riah Ann Cayanan
EE Dept. Head
Approved By:
Dr. Ma. Magdalena V. Gatdula
Dean COE