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1. Indices

1. Simplify the expression (34 × 3−2 )/(3−1 × 35 ) without using a calculator.

2. If ax = 64 and ay = 8, express ax−y in terms of a.
3. Prove that (23n )/(2n × 22n ) = 1 for any integer n.
4. Simplify (5−3 × 52 )/5−1 .
5. Given 22x = 16, find the value of x.
6. If 32m × 3m−1 = 37 , determine the value of m.
7. Evaluate (73 )4 and compare it to 712 . Explain why they are equal.
8. Show that am+n /am = an for any non-zero a.
9. Explain why a0 = 1 for any non-zero a.
10. Solve for x in the equation 42x = 64.
11. Determine the value of x in (2x )3 = 64.
12. If 32x × 33 = 39 , find the value of x.
13. Explain why a−n = 1/an for any non-zero a.
14. Solve 52x+1 = 125 for x.
15. Simplify (10−2 × 103 )/10−1 .
16. Prove that (am )n = amn using specific values for a, m, and n.
17. Find x if (2x )3 = 32.
18. Explain why (a/b)n = an /bn using an example.
19. Simplify (43 × 4−5 ).
20. Solve 3x+2 = 27.

2. Logarithms
1. Solve for x in the equation log2 (x) + log2 (4) ​ ​ = 5.
2. Prove that logb (m × n) ​
= logb (m) + logb (n).
​ ​

3. Explain why logb (1) ​ = 0 for any base b.

4. If log3 (x)
​ = 4, what is the value of x?
5. Show that logb (bn ) ​ = n for any base b.
6. Solve for x in the equation log5 (25x) ​ = 4.
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7. Simplify log2 (8) + log2 (16) − log2 (32).

​ ​ ​

8. Prove that loga (xn ) ​ = n loga (x). ​

9. If log4 (2x)
​ = 3, find the value of x.
10. Explain why loga (a) ​
= 1 for any positive a =
 1.
11. Solve log3 (x − 1) + log3 (2)
​ ​ = log3 (18). ​

logc (a)
12. Explain how the change of base formula logb (a) = can be derived.
​

logc (b)
​ ​

13. If log2 (x)​ = 3 and log2 (y) = 5, find log2 (x × y). ​ ​

14. Prove that loga (b) × logb (a) ​ ​ = 1.

15. Solve for x in the equation log4 (2x + 1) ​
= 3.
16. Simplify log3 (27) + log3 (9) − log3 (3).
​ ​ ​

17. Explain why loga (m/n) ​ = loga (m) − loga (n). ​ ​

18. Solve for x if log2 (x) + log2 (5) ​ ​ = 3.

19. Show that if loga (x) ​ = n, then x = an .
20. Find x if log5 (x + 1) ​
= log5 (125). ​

3. Surds
1. Simplify the expression 50 + ​ 18. ​

2. Rationalize the denominator of 5 .

3
​

3. Explain why a× ​
b= ​
ab for any positive a and b.​

4. Simplify 3 5+2 5− ​ ​ 5.
​

5. Solve x + 4 = 3. ​

a
6. Prove that 1a can be rationalized as a .
​

​ ​

7. Simplify 12 + ​ 27 −
​ 75. ​

8. Explain why a2 = a for any non-negative a.

​

3
9. Rationalize .
7+2
​

10. Show that ab = ​ a× ​ b using specific values for a and b.

​

11. Solve x − 2 + 1 = 5. ​

12. Explain how to simplify the expression 75 + ​

48 −​
27. ​

13. Prove that a/b = ​ a / b. ​ ​

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14. Simplify 8×​ 2. ​

15. Solve 3x + 1 = 4. ​

7
16. Rationalize the denominator of .
2+ 3
​

​ ​

17. Explain why 16 = 4 but

16/4 =
 16/ 4.
​ ​ ​ ​

18. Simplify the expression 2 3 + 4 27 − 12. ​ ​ ​

19. Solve for x if x = 5.

​

5+ 3
20. Explain how to simplify ​

.
5− 3
​

4. Sequence and Series

1. Find the 10th term of the arithmetic sequence 3, 7, 11, ...
2. Prove that the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic series is Sn ​ = n2 (2a + (n − 1)d).
​

3. If the 5th term of a geometric sequence is 32 and the common ratio is 2, find the first term.
4. Explain why an arithmetic sequence has a constant difference between consecutive terms.
5. Solve for n if the n-th term of the arithmetic sequence 2, 5, 8, ... is 29.
6. Find the sum of the first 8 terms of the geometric sequence 2, 4, 8, ...
7. Explain how to determine if a sequence is arithmetic or geometric.
8. If a1 ​
= 3, a2 = 6, and an = 3 × 2n−1 , find a5 .
​ ​ ​

a
9. Show that the sum of an infinite geometric series is S = 1−r
, where
​ ∣r∣ < 1.
10. Explain why the sequence 1, 4, 9, 16, ... is not arithmetic.
11. Solve for n if the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic series is 210 and a = 5, d = 3.
12. Find the sum of the first 6 terms of the arithmetic sequence 1, 3, 5, ...
13. Explain why a geometric sequence with a common ratio greater than 1 grows exponentially.
14. If the 4th term of an arithmetic sequence is 10 and the 7th term is 19, find the common difference.
15. Solve for r if the first term of a geometric sequence is 5 and the third term is 20.
16. Explain why an infinite geometric series converges when ∣r∣ < 1.
17. Find the sum of the infinite geometric series 4, 2, 1, ...
18. Prove that the sum of an arithmetic sequence is linear.
19. If the common ratio of a geometric sequence is 0.5, explain how the sequence behaves as n → ∞.
20. Find the general term an of the arithmetic sequence 2, 5, 8, ... and use it to find a20 .
​ ​

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