8 Tan

&
Recurring decimal
&

0 3 .
T Real Numbers
=
0 3333
.
....

= Rational NO .
Irrational NO
use calculator
.
SED function

can express as cannot express as

·
·

fraction fraction

eg .
[ ,
0 6 .
,
1 , 1= 2 3
, ,
IT ,
1I ,
15 ,
32
4 5
E
...
.
, 37 3 =

-
V
Non-recurring non-terminating ,

Terminating decimals
decimal
0 675 =
.

20 Fractions
Integers
·-
3 , -2 , -1
,
0 ,
1 , 2 , 3 4
,
...

Exclude t ,
1 2 .

, 3

positive / Natural
Zero
Negative O integers N umbers
Integers neither 1 , 2 3 , ,
4, 5 ...

3 -2 -
4
negative
... -
-

, . ,

nor positive
-

whole numbers

. 1
0 , 2 , 3 , 4 ,
5 ...

composite
O Numbers
1 Prime Numbers
more than 2
·

d 2 factors factors
only has 1 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 17 , 4, 6 8, 9
, , 10 , 12
...
factor 19
, 13
.
1x1 = 1
 Real Number
·
all the numbers that are either rational or irrational

Rati nal Number

·
numbers that can be expressed as fraction or ratio

:
examples

0 = 125
# pational Number
·
numbers that cannot be expressed as fraction or ratio

:
examples

M ,
I ,
12 , 3125 ,
8 , 8

Tip : Always use calculator to test if the number is rational or

irrational by using the SED function .

# Atogers
·

numbers that can be positive , negative or zero ,

but cannot have a fractional part .

:
examples

999 -998 ....

,
-
5 -4 -3
, , , -2 ,
-1 ,
0 ,
1 , 2 , 3 ,
4 ...
999 ...

Whol Numbers
·
zero and positive numbers ,
but cannot have a
fractional part.

examples :

0 ,
1, 2, 3, 4 5, 6 , 7 . ...
999 ,
...
1000
,
 Matural Numbers Positive Integers
whle numbers that start from 1 onwards and cannot
have a fractional part
examples :

- ,
2 ,
3 , 4 5 6 , , ,
7 . . . .
999 , 1000 ...

pime Number
positive integer that 1 and itself
.
a
only has 2 factors
·

examples :

2
. 3 ,
5 ,
7 ,
11 ,
13 ,
17 ,
19 , 23 ,
29 ,
31 ,
37 .
41 ,
43
53 , 59 . 61 , 67 71 , , 73 ,
79 ,
89 ,
89 ,
97 ,
101 , 103 ,

107 , 109 , 113 ,

127 ,
131 , 137 ,
139 ,
149 ,
151 , 157 .

163 , 167 , 173 , 179 ,

181 ,
191 , 193 ,
197 ,
199 ,
211 ...

& mp site number

·
a positive integer that has more than 2 factors

4
. 6, 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 15 ,
16 ,
18 , 20 ,
21 , 22 ,
24 ,
25
,
26 , 27 , 28 ,
30 ,
32 ,
33 ,
34 , 35 ,
36 ,
38 , 39 ,
40 , 42 ...

Note : O is neither positive nor negative

1 is neither a prime nor composite number .

 Prime factorisation

2680 HCF and LIM

2340 23x5x17
688 = 700 = 22 x52X7
170
2 840 = 23x3X5X7
585
1717 H (F = 22 x5 X7
I & Take lower power
S StOp at 1
LCM = 23 x 3 X 52X7
must be prime nos ! -
Take higher power

perfect square :

A number whose square root is a whole number.

or a number whose powers of prime factors are multiples of 2
.

eg . 22 ,
32 34 . ,
30 .
58 ,
720 ...

perfect cube :

lube root is
A number whose a whole number .
or a number whose powers of prime factors are multiples of 3
.

eg .
23 28,
,
29 ,
212 ,
215 ,
33 ...

lab = a

3/ab = a
 Percentage
X100
X100
>
>
Fraction %
[
Decimal %
[
- 100 - 100

%
07 = New value -

original value
X 100%

C
original value

same !
%↓ -

original value -
New value
X 100%
original value

o change = New value -

original value
X 100%
original value

Profit =
selling price cost price

Loss = cost price-selling price

00 profit = Profit
X 100 %
cost price

% lOSS = LOSS
X 100%
cost price

Discount= marked price-selling price

% Discount =
marked price-selling price
X 100 %
marked price
 od
N

X60 X 3600
X60
S

1 min = 60 seconds In = 36 seconds

In = 60min

= 00 + 3600
=
60

Distance =
speed x time

D Distance
speed =
Time
8 T

Time = Distance
speed

Average speed : Total Distance

Total time
(include resting time
 1 &

#Linear --
Graph

↑
zquation of line : 4 4 types of linear graphs
:

y
=
mx + 0 I y= mx + C ,
m> 0

eg .
y
= 2) + 1
m= I

gradient y-intercept
y = m( + C M< O
2 ,

eg y = .
-
2x + 1
2 Gradient ,
mi m= -
2

Y2 -
Y1 3 y=0
m = m= 0
((2 =
(1
4 (C = a
m= undefined
m >0

-3
m/0 :
Important tip !

example :
make sure coefficient of y
(2 . 5) is
before decidingone

10 3)
,
↑ T
112 Y2
the gradient and y-intercept .

iY --

5 -
3
M = = 1 example :

2 -
0
2y
=
4() + 5
It is wrong to say that m = 4
3
- intercept 0 : ,
.
C = 5 !

where it cuts the y-axis

Y 2y = 4)) + 5
=
22 G +2
24
y = 3x + 2) + 2 5
y= .

I is correct to say that M = 2 ,

2
& c= 2 5!
( .
3 To find y-intercept 8 Given 2 linear graphs /equations
2 there are 3 possible scenarios
ways
.

↑ NO solution

1) et 1) = 0 From graph The 2 lines never meet

Y
Reason :
They are parallel
example : as they have the same gradient.
Given 3y = 511 + 4 +2
SUD () .
= 0
- Y y = 3))
( y= 3)) + 1
2
3y 5(0) + 4
=

1
3y = 4
=

8 x
y = 2)1 solution
·
y-intercept =
4 The 2 lines meet at an

intersection point

Reason : The 2 lines have different

6 To find -intercept gradient
2 y = 2x + 1
ways

Y
1

y
-
= 3)) + 3
le + y = 0 From graph point of
intersection
example : 11 solution (

Given 3y = 511 + 4
suby = 0 3) Infinitely many solutions
3(0) = 511 + 4 Reason : The 2 lines are the same
0 = 5)) + 4
+4
4 = 5)) 2
-

=
Y
( = 4 +8
=

4x
5 =
2y

steps in drawing linear graphs :

Create a table of values :

Gradient >
-

steepness of line

gradient
i smaller less steep
->

bigger gradient >

-
more steep
2) Decide on the i values 1st .

Tip :Choose a negative value ~

rate of change of
for c ,
followed by 0 ,
and y
a positive value of IC
with respect to 1 .

3) substitute these i values into

the given equation to find y values .

4) Plot the points & join them into a

line .
 My go
/
N

Polygon No . of sides
Triangle 3
quadrilateral 4

pentagon 5
hexagon G

heptagon 7

Octagon S
nonagon 9
decag on 10

Formulas for all polygons

↓ sum of interior Is in a polygon
= (n -
2) x 1800

2 sum of exterior
Is in a polygon

= 3600
3 1 interior + 1 exterior < = 1800

= ormulas for regular polygons

↑ Each interior <

=
(n -
2)x1800
M

2 Each exterior L
= 3600
H

Regular polygons Equal sides

 Y

T
A
,

I
2
Right L

Acute L 900
( Less than 900

3 obtuse < 4
straight L
< 900 1800
< 1800

Reflex < 6
5
C > 1800
< 3600 complete (
3600

(a + Lb 1800
ab
=

(supplementary (s)

b La + (b + (c = 1800
a, IC
(adjacent Is on a straight line)

& La LD

(vertically opposite (s)

D La + (b + (c + 2d + Le = 3600
e)
a
,/C 1 s at a point)
a
 al La =
LD
(alternate 1s . // lines (
(b <

X Y
A
La = LD

D (alternate (s . XY//2C)
Z C

&
La + 1b = 1800
b (interior Is , // lines)
2

Q P
&
La + 1b = 1800
b (interior (s ,
PQRS)
RI S

a
La = LD

T (corresponding (s , lines)

Q
P
a La = LD
R
S (corresponding (s ,
QPRS)
T

a
La + (b + (C + 2d =
3600

xC d) /Is sum in quadrilateral)

 & (a + (b + (c = 1800
1 Is sum in (
(b

La = 600
T
1 in equilateral (
jaa
)

bo
°
La = 180 -

T 2

jaa , (Bases of isosceles (

b) a + LD = LC
Is in
12 interior 1 exterior (in (
JC
=

La = C
- b Lb = 1d
1 1

1, 3 (Diagonally opposite (s
in a rhombus are equal)

La = C
T b Lb = 1d
(Diagonally opposite (s
(d C
S in a parallelogram are equal)

(a + (b = 900
A
(complementary (s)
(b
 #
Formula for perimeter :

#X Diameter

Note : cross-section of prism/cuboid/cylinder

refers to the base area .

You need to know the

differences between :

closed open hollow

e W-
For closed 3D figures :
 matter

Constant Difference

Tn = a + &(n -
1)

9 : 1st term
d : common difference
n : term number

Example 2 :
Example 1 :

Fig NO . Of
No
. .

Fig
. NO No of dots 20 - 1st term

·
. .

5
-
3
1 3- 1st term
2
+
22 5 -
3
17

3
+
227 -
3
14
+ 11
4 229
:
: :
in = 20 + ( 3)(n - =
1)
: Tn = 3 + 2(n =
1) = 20 -
34 + 3
=
3 + 24 -
2
=
3n + 23
-

=
2n + 1

Ty =
3(7) + 23
-

T50 = 2 (50) + 1
=
21 + 23
-

= 101
=
2
In Fig 50 , there are 101 dots
·

In Fig
. 7 there 2 dots
.
·
, are