Question ID 954943a4

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 954943a4

Jennifer bought a box of Crunchy Grain cereal. The nutrition facts on the box state

that a serving size of the cereal is cup and provides 210 calories, 50 of which
are calories from fat. In addition, each serving of the cereal provides 180
milligrams of potassium, which is 5% of the daily allowance for adults. If p percent
of an adult’s daily allowance of potassium is provided by x servings of Crunchy
Grain cereal per day, which of the following expresses p in terms of x ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 954943a4 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is correct. It’s given that each serving of Crunchy Grain cereal provides 5% of an adult’s daily allowance of
potassium, so x servings would provide x times 5%. The percentage of an adult’s daily allowance of potassium, p, is 5 times
the number of servings, x. Therefore, the percentage of an adult’s daily allowance of potassium can be expressed as .

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from incorrectly converting 5% to its decimal equivalent, which isn’t
necessary since p is expressed as a percentage. Additionally, choices C and D are incorrect because the context should be
represented by a linear relationship, not by an exponential relationship.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID d28c29e1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: d28c29e1

The International Space Station orbits Earth at an average speed of 4.76 miles per
second. What is the space station’s average speed in miles per hour?

A. 285.6

B. 571.2

C. 856.8

D. 17,136.0

ID: d28c29e1 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since 1 minute = 60 seconds and 1 hour = 60 minutes, it follows that 1 hour = (60)(60), or 3,600
seconds. Using this conversion factor, the space station’s average speed of 4.76 miles per second is equal to an average

speed of , or 17,136 miles per hour.

Choice A is incorrect. This is the space station’s average speed in miles per minute. Choice B is incorrect. This is double the
space station’s average speed in miles per minute, or the number of miles the space station travels on average in 2 minutes.
Choice C is incorrect. This is triple the space station’s average speed in miles per minute, or the number of miles the space
station travels on average in 3 minutes.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 3f5398a6
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 3f5398a6

For a person m miles from a flash of lightning, the length of the time interval from
the moment the person sees the lightning to the moment the person hears the
thunder is k seconds. The ratio of m to k can be estimated to be 1 to 5. According
to this estimate, the person is how many miles from a flash of lightning if the time
interval is 25 seconds?

A. 10

B. 9

C. 6

D. 5

ID: 3f5398a6 Answer

Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the ratio of m to k is estimated to be 1 to 5. Therefore, when , the relationship

between these ratios can be expressed by the proportion . Multiplying both sides of this equation by 25 yields
.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID b4912cc5
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: b4912cc5

The population density of Iceland, in people per square kilometer of land area,
increased from 2.5 in 1990 to 3.3 in 2014. During this time period, the land area of
Iceland was 100,250 square kilometers. By how many people did Iceland’s
population increase from 1990 to 2014?

A. 330,825

B. 132,330

C. 125,312

D. 80,200

ID: b4912cc5 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is correct. The increase in Iceland’s population can be found by multiplying the increase in population density, in
people per square kilometer, by the area, in square kilometers. It’s given that the population density of Iceland was 2.5 people
per square kilometer in 1990 and 3.3 people per square kilometer in 2014. The increase in population density can be found
by subtracting 2.5 from 3.3, which yields 0.8. It’s given that the land area of Iceland was 100,250 square kilometers. Thus, the
increase in population is , or 80,200.

Alternate approach: It’s given that the population density of Iceland, in people per square kilometer of land area, in 1990 was
2.5. Since the land area of Iceland was 100,250 square kilometers, it follows that the population of Iceland in 1990 was
, or 250,625. Similarly, the population of Iceland in 2014 was , or 330,825. The population
increase is the difference in the population from 1990 to 2014, or , which yields 80,200. Therefore,
Iceland’s population increased by 80,200 from 1990 to 2014.

Choice A is incorrect. This is the population of Iceland in 2014. Choice B is incorrect and may result from dividing 3.3 by 2.5,
instead of subtracting 2.5 from 3.3. Choice C is incorrect and may result from dividing the population of Iceland in 1990 by 2.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 65c49824
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 65c49824

A school district is forming a committee to discuss plans for the construction of a

new high school. Of those invited to join the committee, 15% are parents of
students, 45% are teachers from the current high school, 25% are school and
district administrators, and the remaining 6 individuals are students. How many
more teachers were invited to join the committee than school and district
administrators?

ID: 65c49824 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 8. The 6 students represent of those invited to join the committee. If

x people were invited to join the committee, then . Thus, there were people invited to join the
committee. It follows that there were teachers and school and district administrators invited
to join the committee. Therefore, there were 8 more teachers than school and district administrators invited to join the
committee.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 000259aa
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 000259aa

A group of monarch butterflies migrated from Chicago, Illinois, to Michoacán,

Mexico, flying a total of 2,100 miles. It took a single butterfly in the group 120 days
to travel this route one way. On average, how many miles did the butterfly travel per
day?

A. 0.057

B. 0.729

C. 17.5

D. 24

ID: 000259aa Answer

Rationale

Choice C is correct. If the butterfly traveled 2,100 miles in 120 days, then it traveled, on average, miles
per day.

Choice A is incorrect. This is approximately the average amount of time, in days, it took the butterfly to fly one mile:

days per mile. Choice B is incorrect and may result from an arithmetic error. Choice D is incorrect.
This is the number of hours in a day rather than the number of miles flown per day.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID bd90f87e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: bd90f87e
A table of the US minimum wage for 6 different years is shown below.

US
minimum
Year wage
(dollars
per hour)

1960 1.00

1970 1.60

1980 3.10

1990 3.80

2000 5.15

2010 7.25

What was the percent increase of the minimum

wage from 1960 to 1970?

A. 30%

B. 60%

C. 62.5%

D. 120%

ID: bd90f87e Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. According to the table, the minimum wage in 1960 was $1.00 per hour, and in 1970 it was $1.60 per

hour. The percentage change is therefore .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from averaging the two wages before calculating the percentage change. Choice C is
incorrect. This is the 1960 wage expressed as a percentage of the 1970 wage, not the percentage change between the two.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from a calculation error.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 0ea56bb2
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 0ea56bb2

Subscriptions
Year
sold

2012 5,600

2013 5,880

The manager of an online news service received the report above on the number of
subscriptions sold by the service. The manager estimated that the percent
increase from 2012 to 2013 would be double the percent increase from 2013 to
2014. How many subscriptions did the manager expect would be sold in 2014?

A. 6,020

B. 6,027

C. 6,440

D. 6,468

ID: 0ea56bb2 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The percent increase from 2012 to 2013 was , or 5%. Since the percent increase
from 2012 to 2013 was estimated to be double the percent increase from 2013 to 2014, the percent increase from 2013 to
2014 was expected to be 2.5%.
Therefore, the number of subscriptions sold in 2014 is expected to be the number of subscriptions sold in 2013 multiplied by
, or .

Choice A is incorrect and is the result of adding half of the value of the increase from 2012 to 2013 to the 2013 result.
Choice C is incorrect and is the result adding twice the value of the increase from 2012 to 2013 to the 2013 result. Choice D
is incorrect and is the result of interpreting the percent increase from 2013 to 2014 as double the percent increase from
2012 to 2013.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 8e528129
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 8e528129

Pure beeswax has a density of 0.555 ounce per cubic inch. An online company
sells pure beeswax at a price of $8.00 per ounce. What is the selling price, in
dollars per cubic inch, for pure beeswax purchased from this company?

ID: 8e528129 Answer

Rationale
The correct answer is 4.44. The selling price, in dollars per cubic inch, is found by multiplying the density, in ounces per cubic

inch, by the unit price, in dollars per ounce: yields . Thus, the selling price, in
dollars per cubic inch, is 4.44.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 0231050d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 0231050d

The line graph shows the total amount of snow, in inches, recorded each year in
Washington, DC, from 2003 to 2015. If is the percent decrease in the annual
snowfall from 2003 to 2007, what is the value of p ?

ID: 0231050d Answer

Rationale
The correct answer is 75. The percent decrease between two values is found by dividing the difference between the two
values by the original value and multiplying by 100. The line graph shows that the annual snowfall in 2003 was 40 inches,
and the annual snowfall in 2007 was 10 inches. Therefore, the percent decrease in the annual snowfall from 2003 to 2007 is

, or 75. It’s given that this is equivalent to , so the value of p is 75.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID be35c117
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: be35c117

A wind turbine completes revolutions in minutes. At this rate, how many revolutions per minute does this turbine
complete?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: be35c117 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is correct. Dividing the number of revolutions by the number of minutes gives the number of revolutions the turbine
completes per minute. It’s given that the wind turbine completes 900 revolutions in 50 minutes. Therefore, at this rate, this
900
turbine completes 50
, or 18, revolutions per minute.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 3f236a64
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 3f236a64

x y

1 4

3 12

5 20

40 k

In the table above, the ratio of y to x for each ordered pair is

constant. What is the value of k ?

A. 28

B. 36

C. 80

D. 160

ID: 3f236a64 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since the ratio of y to x is constant for each ordered pair in the table, the first row can be used to

determine that the ratio of y to x is 4 to 1. The proportion can be used to solve for k. Multiplying each side of the
equation by 40 yields .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of y when the value of x is 7, not 40. Choice B is incorrect and may result from
subtracting 4 from 40 instead of multiplying 40 by 4. Choice C is incorrect and may result from incorrectly setting up the
proportion.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 8705ecba
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 8705ecba

The cost of a certain shirt is $20 before a 5% sales tax is added. What is the total
cost, including sales tax, to purchase the shirt?

A. $20.05

B. $20.50

C. $21.00

D. $25.00

ID: 8705ecba Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is correct. The total cost to purchase the shirt is the $20 cost of the shirt plus the 5% sales tax. The value of the 5%
sales tax on the $20 shirt is equivalent to , or $1. Therefore, the total cost to purchase the shirt is , or
$21.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from neglecting to multiply by $20 when finding the value of the sales tax. Choice B is
incorrect and may result from dividing by 10, instead of by 100, and then neglecting to multiply by $20 when finding the sales
tax. Choice D is incorrect and may result from interpreting the sales tax of 5% as $5.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 707db2d3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 707db2d3

For the finale of a TV show, viewers could use either social media or a text
message to vote for their favorite of two contestants. The contestant receiving
more than 50% of the vote won. An estimated 10% of the viewers voted, and 30%
of the votes were cast on social media. Contestant 2 earned 70% of the votes cast
using social media and 40% of the votes cast using a text message. Based on this
information, which of the following is an accurate conclusion?

A. If all viewers had voted, Contestant 2 would have won.

B. Viewers voting by social media were likely to be younger than viewers voting by text message.

C. If all viewers who voted had voted by social media instead of by text message, Contestant 2 would have won.

D. Viewers voting by social media were more likely to prefer Contestant 2 than were viewers voting by text message.

ID: 707db2d3 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is correct. It is given that Contestant 2 earned 70% of the votes cast using social media and 40% of the votes cast
using a text message. Based on this information, viewers voting by social media were more likely to prefer Contestant 2 than
were viewers voting by text message.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. There is not enough information about the viewers to reach these conclusions.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID c9fb15ad
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: c9fb15ad

Species of Growth
tree factor

Red maple 4.5

River birch 3.5

Cottonwood 2.0

Black walnut 4.5

White birch 5.0

American elm 4.0

Pin oak 3.0

Shagbark
7.5
hickory

One method of calculating the approximate age, in years, of a tree of a particular

species is to multiply the diameter of the tree, in inches, by a constant called the
growth factor for that species. The table above gives the growth factors for eight
species of trees. If a white birch tree and a pin oak tree each now have a diameter
of 1 foot, which of the following will be closest to the difference, in inches, of their
diameters 10 years from now? (1 foot = 12 inches)

A. 1.0

B. 1.2

C. 1.3

D. 1.4

ID: c9fb15ad Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. According to the given information, multiplying a tree species’ growth factor by the tree’s diameter is a
method to approximate the age of the tree. A white birch with a diameter of 12 inches (or 1 foot) has a given growth factor of
5 and is approximately 60 years old. A pin oak with a diameter of 12 inches (or 1 foot) has a given growth factor of 3 and is
approximately 36 years old. The diameters of the two trees 10 years from now can be found by dividing each tree’s age in 10

years, 70 years, and 46 years, by its respective growth factor. This yields 14 inches and inches. The difference between

and 14 is , or approximately 1.3 inches.

Alternate approach: Since a white birch has a growth factor of 5, the age increases at a rate of 5 years per inch or,

equivalently, the diameter increases at a rate of of an inch per year. Likewise, the pin oak has a growth factor of 3, so its

diameter increases at a rate of of an inch per year. Thus, the pin oak grows of an inch per year more than the white

birch. In 10 years it will grow of an inch more, which is approximately 1.3 inches.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and a result of incorrectly calculating the diameters of the two trees in 10 years.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 6310adbc
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 6310adbc

The ratio of t to u is 1 to 2, and .

What is the value of u ?

A. 2

B. 5

C. 10

D. 20

ID: 6310adbc Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the ratio of t to u is 1 to 2. Since , it follows that the ratio of 10 to u is also 1 to 2. The

relationship between these ratios can be represented by the proportion . Multiplying both sides of this equation by
2 and then by u yields .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of u when . Choice B is incorrect. This would be the value of u if the ratio of t to u
were 2 to 1. Choice C is incorrect. This is the value of t, not u.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 63573fea
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 63573fea

During the first month of sales, a company sold 1,300,000 units of a certain type of
smartphone. During the same month, 15% of the units sold were returned. If sales
and the return rate remain the same for each of the next 5 months, about how
many units of this smartphone will be returned to the company during this 6-month
period?

A. 195,000

B. 975,000

C. 1,170,000

D. 6,630,000

ID: 63573fea Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is correct. Of the 1,300,000 units sold during the first month, 15% were returned, so
units were returned during the first month. If the units were sold and returned at the same rate for the next 5 months, then a
total of smartphone units were returned during the 6-month period.

Choice A is incorrect. This is the number of units that were returned in 1 month. Choice B is incorrect. This is the number of
units that were returned in 5 months. Choice D is incorrect. This is the number of units sold and not returned during the first
6 months.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 191d167b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 191d167b

Last year, students enrolled in an interior design program. This year, the number of students enrolled is of last
year’s number. How many students are enrolled in the interior design program this year?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 191d167b Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is correct. It's given that the number of students enrolled in an interior design program this year is 147% of last
147
year's number, which is 200. 147% of 200 can be expressed as 100
200, or 1.47200, which is equivalent to 294. Therefore, 294
students are enrolled in the interior design program this year.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID fea831fc
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: fea831fc

On April 18, 1775, Paul Revere set off on his midnight ride from Charlestown to
Lexington. If he had ridden straight to Lexington without stopping, he would have
traveled 11 miles in 26 minutes. In such a ride, what would the average speed of
his horse have been, to the nearest tenth of a mile per hour?

ID: fea831fc Answer

Rationale
The correct answer is 25.4. The average speed is the total distance divided by the total time. The total distance is 11 miles

and the total time is 26 minutes. Thus, the average speed is miles per minute. The question asks for the average speed
in miles per hour, and there are 60 minutes in an hour; converting miles per minute to miles per hour gives the following:

Therefore, to the nearest tenth of a mile per hour, the average speed of Paul Revere’s ride would have been 25.4 miles per
hour. Note that 25.4 and 127/5 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 181cc4d6
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 181cc4d6

Rectangle A has length 15 and width w. Rectangle B has length 20 and the same
length-to-width ratio as rectangle A. What is the width of rectangle B in terms
of w ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 181cc4d6 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that rectangle A has length 15 and width w. Therefore, the length-to-width ratio of rectangle A is
15 to w. It’s also given that rectangle B has length 20 and the same length-to-width ratio as rectangle A. Let x represent the

width of rectangle B. The proportion can be used to solve for x in terms of w. Multiplying both sides of this

equation by x yields , and then multiplying both sides of this equation by w yields . Dividing both

sides of this equation by 15 yields . Simplifying this fraction yields .

Choices B and D are incorrect and may result from interpreting the difference in the lengths of rectangle A and rectangle B as
equivalent to the difference in the widths of rectangle A and rectangle B. Choice C is incorrect and may result from using a
length-to-width ratio of w to 15, instead of 15 to w.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID e9841407
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: e9841407

Shaquan has 7 red cards and 28 blue cards. What is the ratio of red
cards to blue cards that Shaquan has?

A. 1 to 4

B. 4 to 1

C. 1 to 7

D. 7 to 1

ID: e9841407 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that Shaquan has 7 red cards and 28 blue cards. Therefore, the ratio of red cards to blue cards
that Shaquan has is 7 to 28. This ratio can be reduced by dividing both parts of the ratio by 7, which yields the ratio 1 to 4.

Choice B is incorrect. This is the ratio of blue cards to red cards that Shaquan has. Choice C is incorrect and may result from
a calculation error when reducing the ratio. Choice D is incorrect. This may result from finding the ratio of blue cards to red
cards, or 28 to 7, and then making a calculation error when reducing the ratio.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 3638f413
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 3638f413

Jeremy deposited x dollars in his investment account on January 1, 2001. The

amount of money in the account doubled each year until Jeremy had 480 dollars in
his investment account on January 1, 2005. What is the value of x ?

ID: 3638f413 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 30. The situation can be represented by the equation , where the 2 represents the fact
that the amount of money in the account doubled each year and the 4 represents the fact that there are 4 years between
January 1, 2001, and January 1, 2005. Simplifying gives . Therefore, .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 445dd032
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 445dd032

Tanya earns $13.50 per hour at her part-time job. When she works z hours, she
earns dollars. Which of the following expressions gives the amount, in
dollars, Tanya will earn if she works hours?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 445dd032 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that when Tanya works z hours, she earns dollars. Since her hourly rate is constant, if
she works 3 times as many hours, or hours, she will earn 3 times as many dollars, or .

Choice B is incorrect. This expression represents adding 3 dollars to the dollars Tanya will earn. Choice C is
incorrect. This expression can be rewritten as , which implies that Tanya earns $16.50 per hour, not $13.50. Choice D
is incorrect. This expression adds 3 to the number of hours Tanya works, rather than multiplying the hours she works by 3.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID ba62b0b0
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: ba62b0b0

A kangaroo has a mass of kilograms. What is the kangaroo's mass, in grams?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: ba62b0b0 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is correct. It's given that a kangaroo has a mass of 28 kilograms and that 1 kilogram is equal to 1,000 grams.
1,000 grams
Therefore, the kangaroo's mass, in grams, is 28 kilograms 1 kilogram
, which is equivalent to 28,000 grams.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 939c46d1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 939c46d1

The glass pictured above can hold a maximum volume of 473 cubic centimeters,
which is approximately 16 fluid ounces. Jenny has a pitcher that contains 1 gallon
of water. How many times could Jenny completely fill the glass with 1 gallon of
water?

A. 16

B. 8

C. 4

D. 3

ID: 939c46d1 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is correct. It is given that the volume of the glass is approximately 16 fluid ounces. If Jenny has 1 gallon of water,

which is 128 fluid ounces, she could fill the glass times.

Choice A is incorrect because Jenny would need fluid ounces = 256 fluid ounces, or 2 gallons, of water to fill the
glass 16 times. Choice C is incorrect because Jenny would need only fluid ounces = 64 fluid ounces of water to fill
the glass 4 times. Choice D is incorrect because Jenny would need only fluid ounces = 48 fluid ounces to fill the glass
3 times.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 8a714fa1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 8a714fa1

Which of the following represents the result of increasing the

quantity x by 9%, where ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 8a714fa1 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is correct. Increasing the positive quantity x by 9% is the result of adding 9% of x to x. 9% of x can be represented

algebraically as , or . Adding this expression to x yields , or .

Choice B is incorrect. This represents 9% of x. Choice C is incorrect. This represents increasing x by 9, not by 9%. Choice D is
incorrect. This represents increasing x by 0.09, not by 9%.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 3f775bbf
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 3f775bbf

Power capacity
State
Low Medium High Total

Texas 4 2 3 9

California 1 0 1 2

Oregon 1 0 1 2

Indiana 0 2 0 2

Colorado 1 1 0 2

Iowa 2 0 0 2

Oklahoma 1 0 0 1

Total 10 5 5 20

The table shows the distribution, by location and power capacity (maximum rate of
power generation) of the twenty largest wind projects in the United States in 2013.
The total power capacity of the nine wind projects located in Texas was 4,952
megawatts (MW), and the total power capacity of the twenty wind projects was
11,037 MW in 2013. The amount of energy produced in one hour at a rate of one
megawatt is one megawatt-hour. If each of the nine Texas wind projects in 2013
had operated continuously for 24 hours at the maximum rate of power generation,
approximately how many megawatt-hours of energy would the nine projects have
produced?

A. 200

B. 5,000

C. 11,000

D. 120,000

ID: 3f775bbf Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the total power capacity of the nine wind projects in Texas was 4,952 megawatts.
Therefore, if all nine Texas projects operated continuously for 1 hour, the amount of energy produced would be 4,952
megawatt-hours. It follows that, if all nine Texas projects operated continuously for 24 hours, the amount of energy
produced, in megawatt-hours, would be , which is closest to 120,000.

Choice A is incorrect. This is approximately the amount of energy produced for the nine projects divided by 24 hours. Choice
B is incorrect. This is approximately the amount of energy produced for the nine projects. Choice C is incorrect. This is
approximately the given amount of energy produced for all twenty projects in the table.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 8637294f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 8637294f

If and , what is the value of ?

ID: 8637294f Answer

Correct Answer: .0625, 1/16

Rationale
4𝑎 𝑎 4𝑎 𝑎
The correct answer is .0625 . It's given that 𝑏
= 6.7 and 𝑏𝑛
= 26.8. The equation 𝑏
= 6.7 can be rewritten as 4 𝑏 = 6.7.
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎1
Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields 𝑏
= 1.675. The equation
𝑏𝑛
= 26.8 can be rewritten as
𝑏𝑛
= 26.8. Substituting
𝑎 1 1.675
1.675 for 𝑏
in this equation yields 1.675 = 26.8, or
𝑛 𝑛
= 26.8. Multiplying both sides of this equation by 𝑛 yields
1.675 = 26.8𝑛. Dividing both sides of this equation by 26.8 yields 𝑛 = 0.0625. Therefore, the value of 𝑛 is 0.0625. Note that
.0625, 0.062, 0.063, and 1/16 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 8e2e424e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 8e2e424e

The number k is 36% greater than 50. If k is the product of

50 and r, what is the value of r ?

A. 36

B. 3.6

C. 1.36

D. 0.36

ID: 8e2e424e Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is correct. It’s given that the number k is 36% greater than 50. Therefore, the value of k is the number 50 plus 36%

of 50. This can be rewritten as . Multiplying the terms yields 18, so , or

. It’s also given that k is the product of 50 and r, which can be rewritten as . Substituting 68 for k yields
. Dividing both sides of this equation by 50 yields .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the percentage that k is greater than 50. Choice B is incorrect and may result from a calculation
error. Choice D is incorrect. This would be the value of r if k were 36% of 50, instead of 36% greater than 50.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 24ad9dcb
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 24ad9dcb

The weight of an object on Venus is approximately of its weight on Earth. The

weight of an object on Jupiter is approximately of its weight on Earth. If an

object weighs 100 pounds on Earth, approximately how many more pounds does it
weigh on Jupiter than it weighs on Venus?

A. 90

B. 111

C. 140

D. 230

ID: 24ad9dcb Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. The weight of an object on Venus is approximately of its weight on Earth. If an object weighs 100

pounds on Earth, then the object’s weight on Venus is approximately pounds. The same object’s weight on

Jupiter is approximately of its weight on Earth; therefore, the object weighs approximately pounds on
Jupiter. The difference between the object’s weight on Jupiter and the object’s weight on Venus is approximately
pounds. Therefore, an object that weighs 100 pounds on Earth weighs 140 more pounds on Jupiter than it
weighs on Venus.

Choice A is incorrect because it is the weight, in pounds, of the object on Venus. Choice B is incorrect because it is the
weight, in pounds, of an object on Earth if it weighs 100 pounds on Venus. Choice D is incorrect because it is the weight, in
pounds, of the object on Jupiter.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 7d721177
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 7d721177

The density of a certain type of wood is kilograms per cubic meter. A sample of this type of wood is in the shape of a
cube and has a mass of kilograms. To the nearest hundredth of a meter, what is the length of one edge of this sample?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 7d721177 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is correct. It’s given that the density of a certain type of wood is 353 kilograms per cubic meter kg/m3 , and a
sample of this type of wood has a mass of 345 kg. Let 𝑥 represent the volume, in m3 , of the sample. It follows that the
relationship between the density, mass, and volume of this sample can be written
353 kg 345 kg 345
as 3 =
1 m 3 , or 353 =
𝑥 m
. Multiplying both sides of this equation by 𝑥 yields 353𝑥 = 345. Dividing both sides of this
𝑥
345 345
equation by 353 yields 𝑥 = 353
. Therefore, the volume of this sample is 353
m3 . Since it’s given that the sample of this type
of wood is a cube, it follows that the length of one edge of this sample can be found using the volume formula for a cube,
345
𝑉 = 𝑠3 , where 𝑉 represents the volume, in m3 , and 𝑠 represents the length, in m, of one edge of the cube. Substituting for 𝑉
353
345 3 345
in this formula yields 353
= 𝑠3 . Taking the cube root of both sides of this equation yields √ 353 = 𝑠, or 𝑠 ≈ 0 . 99. Therefore, the

length of one edge of this sample to the nearest hundredth of a meter is 0.99.

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 06a152cd
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 06a152cd

To make a bakery’s signature chocolate muffins, a baker needs 2.5 ounces of

chocolate for each muffin. How many pounds of chocolate are needed to make
48 signature chocolate muffins? (1 pound = 16 ounces)

A. 7.5

B. 10

C. 50.5

D. 120

ID: 06a152cd Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is correct. If 2.5 ounces of chocolate are needed for each muffin, then the number of ounces of chocolate needed
to make 48 muffins is ounces. Since 1 pound = 16 ounces, the number of pounds that is equivalent to 120

ounces is pounds. Therefore, 7.5 pounds of chocolate are needed to make the 48 muffins.

Choice B is incorrect. If 10 pounds of chocolate were needed to make 48 muffins, then the total number of ounces of
chocolate needed would be ounces. The number of ounces of chocolate per muffin would then be

ounces per muffin, not 2.5 ounces per muffin. Choices C and D are also incorrect. Following the same
procedures as used to test choice B gives 16.8 ounces per muffin for choice C and 40 ounces per muffin for choice D, not 2.5
ounces per muffin. Therefore, 50.5 and 120 pounds cannot be the number of pounds needed to make 48 signature chocolate
muffins.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 8917ce38
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 8917ce38

Which of the following speeds is equivalent to 90 kilometers per

hour? (1 kilometer = 1,000 meters)

A. 25 meters per second

B. 32 meters per second

C. 250 meters per second

D. 324 meters per second

ID: 8917ce38 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is correct. Since 1 kilometer is equal to 1,000 meters, it follows that 90 kilometers is equal to
meters. Since 1 hour is equal to 60 minutes and 1 minute is equal to 60 seconds, it follows that 1 hour is equal to

seconds. Now is equal to , which reduces to or 25 meters

per second.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 7e6c745f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 7e6c745f

Food Protein Cost

1 large egg 6 grams $0.36

1 cup of milk 8 grams $0.24

The table above shows the amount of protein in two foods and the cost of each
food. Based on the table, what is the ratio of the cost per gram of protein in a large
egg to the cost per gram of protein in a cup of milk?

A. 1 : 2

B. 2 : 3

C. 3 : 4

D. 2 : 1

ID: 7e6c745f Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is correct. The cost per gram of protein in 1 large egg is $0.36 ÷ 6 = $0.06. The cost per gram of protein in 1 cup of
milk is $0.24 ÷ 8 = $0.03. It follows that the ratio of the cost per gram of protein in a large egg to the cost per gram of protein
in a cup of milk is 0.06:0.03, which can be rewritten as 2:1.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from finding the ratio of the cost per gram of protein in a cup of milk to the cost per
gram of protein in a large egg (the reciprocal of the ratio specified in the question). Choices B and C are incorrect and may
result from incorrectly calculating the unit rates or from errors made when simplifying the ratio.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 28c6bd8c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 28c6bd8c

The table above shows a summary of 1,200 responses to a survey question. Based
on the table, how many of those surveyed get most of their medical information
from either a doctor or the Internet?

A. 865

B. 887

C. 912

D. 926

ID: 28c6bd8c Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is correct. According to the table, 63% of survey respondents get most of their medical information from a doctor
and 13% get most of their medical information from the Internet. Therefore, 76% of the 1,200 survey respondents get their
information from either a doctor or the Internet, and 76% of 1,200 is 912.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. According to the table, 76% of survey respondents get their information from either a
doctor or the Internet. Choice A is incorrect because 865 is about 72% (the percent of survey respondents who get most of
their medical information from a doctor or from magazines/brochures), not 76%, of 1,200. Choice B is incorrect because 887
is about 74%, not 76%, of 1,200. Choice D is incorrect because 926 is about 77%, not 76%, of 1,200.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 8cbf1415
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 8cbf1415

In a group, % of the items are red. Of all the red items in the group, % also have stripes. What percentage of the items in
the group are red with stripes?

A. %

B. %

C. %

D. %

ID: 8cbf1415 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is correct. It’s given that in a group, 40% of the items are red. It follows that the number of red items in the group
can be represented by 0 . 4𝑥, where 𝑥 represents the total number of items in the group. It’s also given that of all the red items
in the group, 30% also have stripes. It follows that the number of items in the group that are red and have stripes can be
represented by 0 . 30 . 4𝑥, or 0 . 12𝑥. The expression 0 . 12𝑥 represents 12% of 𝑥. Since 𝑥 represents the total number of items
in the group, it follows that 12% of the items in the group are red and have stripes.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from subtracting 30% from 40% rather than calculating 30% of 40%.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from adding 30% and 40% rather than calculating 30% of 40%.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from calculating the percentage that 30% is of 40% rather than calculating 30% of 40%.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 96a45430
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 96a45430

A number n is increased 6%. If the result is

318, what is the value of n ?

A. 199

B. 299

C. 300

D. 337

ID: 96a45430 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is correct. The decimal equivalent of 6% is 0.06. Since increasing the number n by 6% yields the number 318, this
situation can be represented by the equation , or . Dividing both sides of this equation by
1.06 yields .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the result when n is increased by 60%, not by 6%. Choice B is incorrect. This is the approximate
result of decreasing 318 by 6%. Choice D is incorrect. This is the approximate result of increasing 318 by 6%.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 3ac09984
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 3ac09984

Marta has 7,500 pesos she will convert to US dollars using a currency exchange
service. At this time, the currency exchange rate is 1 peso = 0.075 US dollars. The
exchange service will charge Marta a 2% fee on the converted US dollar amount.
How many US dollars will Marta receive from the currency exchange after the 2%
fee is applied?

A. $551.25

B. $562.50

C. $5,625.00

D. $98,000.00

ID: 3ac09984 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is correct. At the exchange rate of 1 peso = 0.075 US dollars, 7,500 pesos would be converted to 7,500 × 0.075 =
$562.50. However, since Maria pays a 2% fee on the converted US dollar amount, she receives only (100 – 2)%, or 98%, of the
converted US dollars, and 562.50 × 0.98 = $551.25.

Choice B is incorrect. This is the number of US dollars Maria would receive if the exchange service did not charge a 2% fee.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from a decimal point error made when calculating the conversion to US dollars and
from not assessing the 2% fee. Choice D is incorrect and may result from reversing the units of the exchange rate.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID b2f6f17d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: b2f6f17d

A customer’s monthly water bill was $75.74. Due to a rate increase, her monthly bill
is now $79.86. To the nearest tenth of a percent, by what percent did the amount of
the customer’s water bill increase?

A. 4.1%

B. 5.1%

C. 5.2%

D. 5.4%

ID: b2f6f17d Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is correct. To find the percent increase of the customer’s water bill, the absolute increase of the bill, in dollars, is

divided by the original amount of the bill, and the result is multiplied by 100%, as follows: ;
.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice is the difference rounded to the nearest tenth, which is the (absolute)
increase of the bill’s amount, not its percent increase. Choice B is incorrect and may be the result of some calculation errors.
Choice C is incorrect and is the result of dividing the difference between the two bill amounts by the new bill amount instead
of the original bill amount.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID eb672707
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: eb672707

How many tablespoons are equivalent to teaspoons?

ID: eb672707 Answer

Correct Answer: 14/3, 4.666, 4.667

Rationale
14
The correct answer is 3
. It's given that 3 teaspoons is equivalent to 1 tablespoon. Therefore, 14 teaspoons is equivalent to
1 tablespoon 14
14 teaspoons
3 teaspoons
, or 3
tablespoons. Note that 14/3, 4.666, and 4.667 are examples of ways to enter a correct
answer.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 55818046
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 55818046
According to the 2010 Census, the adult population aged 18 years or greater of the United States in 2010 was 234,564,071.
In 2010, a survey was conducted among a randomly chosen sample of adults aged 18 years or greater in the United States
about their preference to live in a warm climate or a cool climate. The table below displays a summary of the survey results.
Climate Preferences
No
Warm Cool Total
preference

18–35 years old 295 168 45 508

36–50 years old 246 123 41 410

51–65 years old 238 117 48 403

Greater than 65
137 78 64 279
years old

Total 916 486 198 1,600

Which of the following is closest to the difference between the percentage of

adults aged 18–50 years who responded “warm” and the percentage of adults
aged 51 years or greater who responded “warm”?

A. 4%

B. 5%

C. 10%

D. 18%

ID: 55818046 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale

Choice A is correct. The percentage of adults aged 18–50 who responded “warm” is , or about 58.9%.

The percentage of adults aged 51 years or greater who responded “warm” is , or about 55.0%. The
difference between 58.9% and 55.0% is 3.9%. Of the answer choices, 4% is closest to this number.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 7ed0d098
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 7ed0d098

Lani spent 15% of her 8-hour workday in meetings. How many minutes of
her workday did she spend in meetings?

A. 1.2

B. 15

C. 48

D. 72

ID: 7ed0d098 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is correct. There are 60 minutes in one hour, so an 8-hour workday has minutes. To calculate 15% of

480, multiply 0.15 by 480: . Therefore, Lani spent 72 minutes of her workday in meetings.

Choice A is incorrect because 1.2 is 15% of 8, which gives the time Lani spent of her workday in meetings in hours, not
minutes. Choices B and C are incorrect and may be the result of computation errors.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 1180401d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 1180401d

The total area of a coastal city is 92.1 square miles, of which 11.3 square miles is
water. If the city had a population of 621,000 people in the year 2010, which of the
following is closest to the population density, in people per square mile of land
area, of the city at that time?

A. 6,740

B. 7,690

C. 55,000

D. 76,000

ID: 1180401d Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is correct. The land area of the coastal city can be found by subtracting the area of the water from the total area of
the coastal city; that is, square miles. The population density is the population divided by the land area,

or , which is closest to 7,690 people per square mile.

Choice A is incorrect and may be the result of dividing the population by the total area, instead of the land area. Choice C is
incorrect and may be the result of dividing the population by the area of water. Choice D is incorrect and may be the result of
making a computational error with the decimal place.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID f6cbb04a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: f6cbb04a

The equation above can be used to calculate the distance d, in miles, traveled by a
car moving at a speed of 55 miles per hour over a period of t hours. For any
positive constant k, the distance the car would have traveled after hours is how
many times the distance the car would have traveled after hours?

A. 3

B. 6

C.

D.

ID: f6cbb04a Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is correct. Since the distance is equal to the amount of time multiplied by a constant, the given equation
represents a proportional relationship between distance and time in this situation. Since , the time when
hours is 3 times the time when hours. Therefore, the distance traveled after hours is 3 times the distance after
hours.

Choices B and D are incorrect and may result from interpreting the proportional relationship between time and distance as
additive rather than multiplicative. Choice C is incorrect and may result from an arithmetic error.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 2d31caae
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 2d31caae

Call Ratings
1 Star 2 Stars 3 Stars 4 Stars Total

Employee A 16 49 72 8 145

Employee B 4 10 22 34 70

Employee C 8 56 45 16 125

Employee D 22 42 84 12 160

Total 50 157 223 70 500

A supervisor at a call center reviewed 500 calls taken by four employees and rated
the employees’ performance on each call on a scale from 1 star to 4 stars. The
ratings for each employee are shown in the table above. According to the table, to
the nearest whole percent, what percent of Employee A’s calls received a rating of
1 star?

A. 3%

B. 11%

C. 16%

D. 32%

ID: 2d31caae Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is correct. The percent of Employee A’s calls that received a rating of 1 star is the number of Employee A’s 1-star

calls divided by the total number of Employee A’s calls. This quotient, , is approximately equal to , or .
To the nearest whole percent, this is 11%.

Choice A is incorrect. This is the percent of all calls taken by Employee A that received a rating of 1 star. Choice C is incorrect
and may result from a conceptual error. For example, 16 is the number, not the percent, of calls taken by Employee A that
received a rating of 1 star. Choice D is incorrect. This is the percent of all calls that received a rating of 1 star that were taken
by Employee A.
Question Difficulty: Easy
Question ID 194ae3b1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 194ae3b1

There were approximately 113,000 occupational therapy jobs in the United States
in 2012. The Bureau of Labor Statistics has projected that this number will increase
by 29% from 2012 to 2022. Of the following, which is closest to the number of
occupational therapy jobs the bureau has projected for the United States in 2022?

A. 115,900

B. 116,300

C. 142,000

D. 145,800

ID: 194ae3b1 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is correct. The decimal equivalent of 29% is 0.29. It’s given that the 113,000 occupational therapy jobs in the United
States in 2012 are projected to increase by 29% by 2022. Increasing 113,000 by 29% can be expressed as
, or . Evaluating this expression yields 145,770. The closest number is 145,800 in
choice D.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from increasing 113,000 by 2,900 instead of by 29%. Choice B is incorrect and may
result from increasing 113,000 by 2.9% instead of by 29%. Choice C is incorrect and may result from increasing 113,000 by
29,000 instead of by 29%.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID a8fabad0
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: a8fabad0

A waiter receives tips from each customer. On average, the tip is 15% of the
customer’s bill. At this rate, which of the following is closest to the tip the waiter
can expect when a customer has a bill that is $78.20?

A. $8.00

B. $10.00

C. $12.00

D. $14.00

ID: a8fabad0 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is correct. If the bill is $78.20, 15% of the bill can be found by multiplying 78.20 by the decimal conversion of 15%,
78.20 × 0.15 = $11.73. The exact amount $11.73 is closest in value to $12.00.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may be the result of errors when calculating 15% of the total $78.20.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 99550621
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 99550621

Makayla is planning an event in a 5,400-square-foot room. If there should be at

least 8 square feet per person, what is the maximum number of people that could
attend this event?

A. 588

B. 675

C. 15,274

D. 43,200

ID: 99550621 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is correct. It’s given that the event will be in a 5,400-square-foot room and that there should be at least 8 square
feet per person. The maximum number of people that could attend the event can be found by dividing the total square feet in

the room by the minimum number of square feet needed per person, which gives .

Choices A and C are incorrect and may result from conceptual or computational errors. Choice D is incorrect and may result
from multiplying, rather than dividing, 5,400 by 8.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 8c5dbd3e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 8c5dbd3e

The number is greater than the number . The number is less than . What is the value of ?

ID: 8c5dbd3e Answer

Correct Answer: 189/4, 47.25

Rationale
110
The correct answer is 47.25. It’s given that the number 𝑤 is 110% greater than the number 𝑧. It follows that 𝑤 = 1 + 100 𝑧, or
55
𝑤 = 2.1𝑧. It’s also given that the number 𝑧 is 55% less than 50. It follows that 𝑧 = 1 - 100 50, or 𝑧 = 0.4550, which yields
𝑧 = 22.5. Substituting 22.5 for 𝑧 in the equation 𝑤 = 2.1𝑧 yields 𝑤 = 2.122.5, which is equivalent to 𝑤 = 47.25. Therefore, the
value of 𝑤 is 47.25. Note that 47.25 and 189/4 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 1c2f50a6
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 1c2f50a6

During a sale, the original prices of all the items in a clothing store have been
reduced by 20%. What is the sale price of a jacket with an original price of $50 ?

A. $12

B. $30

C. $36

D. $40

ID: 1c2f50a6 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the original price of the jacket has been reduced by 20%. Multiplying the original price, $50,
by 20% gives the amount, in dollars, that the price of the jacket is reduced by: . Subtracting this value from the
original price results in the sale price of the jacket: , or $40.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from a conceptual or calculation error.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 89c39d77
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 89c39d77

A competition consisted of four different events. One participant completed the first event with an average speed of
miles per hour. What was this average speed, in yards per hour?

ID: 89c39d77 Answer

Correct Answer: 35728

Rationale
The correct answer is 35,728. It's given that 1 mile = 1,760 yards. It follows that an average speed of 20.300 miles per hour
20.300 miles 1,760 yards
is equivalent to 1 hour 1 mile
, or 35,728 yards per hour.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 808f7d6c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 808f7d6c

If , which of the following is

equivalent to ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 808f7d6c Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that . Multiplying both sides of this equation by 2 yields , or .

Choice B is incorrect and may result from dividing, instead of multiplying, the right-hand side of the equation by 2. Choices C
and D are incorrect and may result from calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 566759ef
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 566759ef

Thomas installed a new stove in his restaurant. At the time of installation, the stove
had a value of $800. Thomas estimates that each year the value of the stove will
depreciate by 20% of the previous year’s estimated value. What is the estimated
value of the stove exactly 2 years after Thomas installed it?

A. $480

B. $512

C. $556

D. $640

ID: 566759ef Answer

Rationale
Choice B is correct. If the stove’s value depreciates by 20% of the previous year’s estimated value, then each year it retains
100% – 20% = 80%, or 0.80, of the previous year’s estimated value. Since the stove’s value was $800 when Thomas installed
it, the estimated value after two years would be (0.80)(0.80)($800) = $512.

Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of the stove if each year it had depreciated by 20% of the original value rather than by
20% of the previous year’s estimated value. Choice C is incorrect and may be the result of a computational error. Choice D is
incorrect. This is the estimated value of the stove 1 year after Thomas installed it, not 2 years.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 6e4a60dd
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 6e4a60dd

Rita’s total bill at a restaurant was $25.00, including tax. If she left a tip of 20% of
the total bill, what was the amount of the tip?

A. $3.50

B. $4.00

C. $4.50

D. $5.00

ID: 6e4a60dd Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is correct. The total bill was $25.00. The percentage 20% is equivalent to the decimal 0.2. The tip is the product of
the percentage and the total bill; therefore, , so the tip was $5.00.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly converting the given percentage or a calculation error.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 41b71b4e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 41b71b4e

What number is 20%

greater than 60 ?

A. 50

B. 72

C. 75

D. 132

ID: 41b71b4e Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is correct. The decimal equivalent of 20% is 0.2. The number that is 20% greater than 60 is also 120% of 60. The
decimal equivalent of 120% is 1.2, and .

Alternate approach: 10% of 60 is 6, and 20% of 60 is double that amount, or 12. It follows that the number that is 20% greater
than 60 is 12 more than 60, or .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from dividing, instead of multiplying, 60 by 1.2. Choice C is incorrect because it’s 25%
greater than 60, rather than 20% greater than 60. Choice D is incorrect and may result from multiplying 60 by 2.2 instead of
1.2.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 8213b1b3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 8213b1b3

According to a set of standards, a certain type of substance can contain a maximum of phosphorus by mass. If a
sample of this substance has a mass of grams, what is the maximum mass, in grams, of phosphorus the sample can
contain to meet these standards?

ID: 8213b1b3 Answer

Correct Answer: .0014

Rationale
The correct answer is .0014 . It's given that a certain type of substance can contain a maximum of 0.001% phosphorus by
mass to meet a set of standards. If a sample of the substance has a mass of 140 grams, it follows that the maximum mass,
0.001
in grams, of phosphorus the sample can contain to meet the standards is 0.001% of 140, or 100
140, which is equivalent to
0.00001140, or 0.0014. Note that .0014 and 0.001 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 34f8cd89
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 34f8cd89

of the items in a box are green. Of those, are also rectangular. Of the green rectangular items, are also
metal. Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the items in the box that are not rectangular green metal items?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 34f8cd89 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is correct. It's given that 37% of the items in a box are green. Let 𝑥 represent the total number of items in the box. It
37
follows that 𝑥, or 0.37𝑥, items in the box are green. It's also given that of those, 37% are also rectangular. Therefore,
100
37
100
0.37𝑥, or 0.1369𝑥, items in the box are green rectangular items. It's also given that of the green rectangular items, 42% are
42
also metal. Therefore, 0.1369𝑥, or 0.057498𝑥, items in the box are rectangular green metal items. The number of the items
100
in the box that are not rectangular green metal items is the total number of items in the box minus the number of rectangular
green metal items in the box. Therefore, the number of items in the box that are not rectangular green metal items is
𝑥 - 0.057498𝑥, or 0.942502𝑥. The percentage of items in the box that are not rectangular green metal items is the percentage
0.942502𝑥
that 0.942502𝑥 is of 𝑥. If 𝑝% represents this percentage, the value of 𝑝 is 100 𝑥
, or 94.2502. Of the given choices,
94.25% is closest to the percentage of items in the box that are not rectangular green metal items.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 20b69297
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 20b69297

Anita created a batch of green paint by mixing 2 ounces of blue paint with 3
ounces of yellow paint. She must mix a second batch using the same ratio of blue
and yellow paint as the first batch. If she uses 5 ounces of blue paint for the
second batch, how much yellow paint should Anita use?

A. Exactly 5 ounces

B. 3 ounces more than the amount of yellow paint used in the first batch

C. 1.5 times the amount of yellow paint used in the first batch

D. 1.5 times the amount of blue paint used in the second batch

ID: 20b69297 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that Anita used a ratio of 2 ounces of blue paint to 3 ounces of yellow paint for the first batch.

For any batch of paint that uses the same ratio, the amount of yellow paint used will be , or 1.5, times the amount of blue
paint used in the batch. Therefore, the amount of yellow paint Anita will use in the second batch will be 1.5 times the amount
of blue paint used in the second batch.

Alternate approach: It’s given that Anita used a ratio of 2 ounces of blue paint to 3 ounces of yellow paint for the first batch
and that she will use 5 ounces of blue paint for the second batch. A proportion can be set up to solve for x, the amount of

yellow paint she will use for the second batch: . Multiplying both sides of this equation by 3 yields , and
multiplying both sides of this equation by x yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 yields . Since

Anita will use 7.5 ounces of yellow paint for the second batch, this is times the amount of blue paint (5 ounces)
used in the second batch.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from incorrectly interpreting the ratio of blue paint to yellow paint used.

Question Difficulty: Hard