Identifying Ocean Water from Freezing Points
Uploaded by
karanarcot987Identifying Ocean Water from Freezing Points
Uploaded by
karanarcot987Common questions
Powered by AIUsing the concept of isotonic solutions, the osmotic pressures are equal. Therefore, using the relation π = cRT and equating the osmotic pressures of both solutions, the molecular weight of X can be calculated as approximately 72 g/mol .
The system that forms a maximum boiling azeotrope is acetone and chloroform. Maximum boiling azeotropes result when the components have stronger intermolecular attractions in the mixture than in their pure forms, which applies to acetone and chloroform .
Mixing phenol and aniline results in a negative deviation from Raoult’s Law because of intermolecular hydrogen bonding, leading to a decrease in vapor pressure. This results in a decrease in the net volume of the mixture compared to the volumes of the components separately because the molecules pack more efficiently .
The solubility of glucose in water increases with an increase in temperature. As temperature rises, the kinetic energy of the molecules increases, allowing more glucose molecules to dissolve in water .
We can determine which sample is ocean water based on the freezing point. Ocean water contains salts, which result in freezing point depression, causing it to freeze below 0°C. Hence, the sample freezing at -1.3°C is ocean water, while the one freezing at 0°C is fresh water .
K4[Fe(CN)6] has a van’t Hoff factor greater than one, specifically 5, as it dissociates into 5 ions. The salt Al(NO3)3, which dissociates into 5 ions, shares this van’t Hoff factor .
Molecular interactions are crucial because deviations from Raoult’s Law arise due to differences between intermolecular forces within the mixture and those within the pure components. Stronger or weaker interactions in the mixture compared to the pure components lead to negative or positive deviations, respectively, affecting properties like vapor pressure and volume .
The boiling point elevation can be calculated using ΔTb = iKb*m, where i is the Van't Hoff factor, Kb is the ebullioscopic constant, and m is molality. For K3[Fe(CN)6], assuming i as 3.556, ΔTb = 3.556 * 0.52 K kg/mol * 1 mol/kg = 1.85 K .
The Van't Hoff factor (i) can be calculated using the formula i = 1 + (n-1)α, where n is the number of particles the compound dissociates into, and α is the degree of dissociation. For K3[Fe(CN)6], which dissociates into 4 particles, i = 1 + 3*0.852 = 3.556 .
The freezing point of a solution is determined using the formula ΔTf = i*Kf*m, where i is the van't Hoff factor, Kf is the cryoscopic constant, and m is molality. Ocean water, due to dissolved salts (leading to a higher i value), exhibits a lower freezing point than pure fresh water because solutes lower the freezing point proportionally to their concentration .