Name: _____________________________________________________________________ Class: _______________
ELECTRICITY Why is electricity very useful?
- Because it can be easily
_______________________
Electric Circuits
______________________.
Current
A little bit of history…
When scientists discovered current
flow, they thought that it flows
from _______________ to
________________. This is called the
_____________________ ________________ flow.
For appliance to work
_______________ must be flowing.
This flow is called ____________.
However, it turns out they were wrong!
The more current flowing in a circuit, the After scientists discovered ______________, they
_________________ the bulb becomes. realised that electron actually flow from
______________ to _________________.
Voltage
Electron charge __________________________ on their own.
_________________ is needed to ______________ the electron charge.
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Current ( ) Voltage ( )
What is it? The flow of _______________. The _____________ needed to
__________ the electron charge to
_________.
Measured with?
___________________ ___________________
SI Unit?
Must be connected in..
OPEN CLOSED
Switch is _________ Switch is _________
Current _____________ flow Current _____________ flow
Bulb _____________ light up Bulb _____________ light up
Switch is used to _____________ or ______________ the circuit.
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Name Component Symbol Name Component Symbol
Try drawing circuit diagrams for the following:
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Series and Parallel Circuits
Series Circuits Lab Work
- Set up the circuits below, observe their properties and answer the following questions.
1 i) Set up circuit as shown. 2 i) Open the switch.
ii) Close the switch and note the brightness. ii) Add another bulb as shown.
iii) Close the switch and note the brightness.
3 i) Open the switch. 4 i) Open the switch.
ii) Add another bulb as shown. ii) Remove one bulb from holder as shown.
iii) Close the switch and note the brightness. iii) Close the switch and observe any changes.
a) Which circuit was the bulb(s) the brightest?
__________________________________________________________________________________
b) What happened when one of the bulbs was removed in Circuit 4?
__________________________________________________________________________________
c) Compare Circuits 2 and 3. Did the bulb light up with the same brightness?
__________________________________________________________________________________
d) Is there more than one path for the current to pass through in all the series Circuits 1, 2, 3 and 4?
__________________________________________________________________________________
e) The brightness of the bulbs _____________________ (increases/decreases/is the same) when more
bulbs are added to a series circuit.
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Parallel Circuits Lab Work
- Set up the circuits below, observe their properties and answer the following questions.
1 i) Set up circuit as shown. 2 i) Open the switch.
ii) Close the switch and note the brightness. ii) Add another bulb as shown.
iii) Close the switch and note the brightness.
3 i) Open the switch. 4 i) Open the switch.
ii) Add another bulb as shown. ii) Remove one bulb from holder as shown.
iii) Close the switch and note the brightness. iii) Close the switch and observe any changes.
a) Compare the difference in brightness of the bulbs in each circuit.
__________________________________________________________________________________
b) What happened when one of the bulbs was removed in Circuit 4?
__________________________________________________________________________________
c) Is there more than one path for the current to pass through in all the parallel Circuits 1, 2, 3 and 4?
__________________________________________________________________________________
d) The brightness of the bulbs _____________________ (increases/decreases/is the same) when more
bulbs are added to a parallel circuit.
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Series
If one bulb is taken out, the other bulb ___________________ light up.
This is because the circuit is ________________, so ______ current can pass through.
Parallel
If one of the bulb is taken out, the other bulb _________________ light up.
This is because part of the circuit is ____________________, so current will ______________________ the
other bulb. This also the reason why bulbs in houses/buildings are connected in ________________.
Relationship between Voltage and Current
Two dry cells make the bulb ____________________ than one dry cell.
More dry cells means increase in _________________ which will lead to increase in __________________.
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Measuring Current Labwork
- Set up the circuits below to measure the current. Observe the reading on the ammeter.
1 i) Set up circuit as shown. 2 i) Add another light bulb in series.
ii) Close the switch and record the reading. ii) Close the switch and record the reading.
Reading 1: __________ A Reading 2: __________ A
3 i) Arrange the bulbs in parallel instead.
ii) Close the switch and record the reading.
Reading 3: __________ A
a) How does the brightness of bulbs in Circuit 2 and Circuit 3 compared to the one in Circuit 1?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
b) What is Reading 1 different from Reading 2?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
c) Bulbs arranged in a series circuit are _________________ (brighter/dimmer) than those arranged in
a parallel circuit. This is because the current flowing through a series circuit is ______________
(higher/lower) than that flowing through each of the branches of a parallel circuit.
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Measuring Voltage Lab Work
- Set up the circuits below to measure the voltage. Observe the reading on the voltmeter.
Measuring Voltage Across Dry Cells
1 i) Set up circuit as shown. 2 i) Add another dry cell in series.
ii) Close the switch and record the reading. ii) Close the switch and record the reading.
Reading 1: __________ V Reading 2: __________ V
a) Compare the voltage of one dry cell and the voltage of two dry cells.
__________________________________________________________________________________
b) The more dry cells added in the circuit as series, the _________ (more/less) the amount of voltage
will be.
Measuring Voltage Across Dry Cells
1 i) Set up circuit as shown.
ii) Close the switch and record the reading.
Reading 3: __________ V
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Let’s say, one dry cell has the voltage of 1.5 V (this is just an example)
Cells in Series Cells in Parallel
Voltage of the cell is
______ V.
Voltage of the cells are
______ V.
Voltage of the cells are
______ V.
• The more dry cells we add, the amount of • The more dry cells we add, the amount of
voltage _________________________. voltage _________________________.
• When two dry cells face each other, their • Even though voltage remains the same, it can
voltage ____________________________. be used for _____________ time.
Bulbs in Series Bulbs in Parallel
• The more bulbs added, the brightness • The more bulbs added, the brightness and the
__________________, but the voltage voltage _________________________.
_______________________________.
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Calculating Current and Voltage
Current in Series Current in Parallel
I1
A I3 IT
I1
A
I2
I2
A
I1 = I 2 = I 3 IT = I 1 + I 2
Voltage in Series Voltage in Parallel
V1
V
VT
V
V2
V
V1 V2
V V
V3
V
VT = V1 + V2
V1 = V2 = V3
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Calculating Current and Voltage
Examples
a) b)
I1 IT
I3
A I1 = 2 A
I2
I2
A
If ammeter reads 2.5 A, what is the value If ammeter reads 6 A, what is the value of I2?
of I1, I2 and I3?
c) d)
V1
V
VT = 6 V
V
V2 = 8 V
V
V1 V2 = 2 V
V V
V3
V
Find V1.
Find V1 and V3.
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RESISTANCE ( )
Resistance is the _______________ of electrical _________________ flow.
All electrical ________________ can cause _________________ _______ to be _________________.
The SI unit of resistance is _______________ ( )
Types of resistor
__________ RESISTOR ________________ RESISTOR or
(_____________ change) ________________
Symbol
Resistance Lab Work
- Set up the circuits below, observe their properties and answer the following questions.
Circuit 1 Circuit 2 Circuit 3
2Ω
1Ω 1Ω
a) Which circuit was the bulb the brightest?
__________________________________________________________________________________
b) What happened as you add more resistor to the circuit?
__________________________________________________________________________________
c) What do you think is the function of resistor?
__________________________________________________________________________________
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d) As you add more resistors to a circuit, the brightness of the bulbs become dimmer.
As you add more bulbs to a circuit, the brightness of the bulbs also become dimmer.
What do you think does the two statements above are trying to imply?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Calculation in Resistance
Resistors in Series
Look the circuit diagrams below. Both circuits have the same current flow.
The first circuit have resistors arranged in __________________
𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2
Resistors in Parallel
Look the circuit diagrams below. Both circuits have the same current flow.
The first circuit have resistors arranged in __________________
1 1 1
= +
𝑅𝑇 𝑅1 𝑅2
Please use CALCULATOR when you want
to find the total resistance in parallel.
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Example 1
Look at the circuit diagrams below. What is the total resistance?
Example 2
Using the circuit above, if R1 = 2 Ω and R2 = 5 Ω, what is the total resistance?
Example 3
Look at the circuit diagrams below. What is the total resistance?
1 1 1
= +
𝑅𝑇 𝑅1 𝑅2
1 1 1
= +
𝑅𝑇
1
= =
𝑅𝑇
𝑅𝑇 = ______ Ω
Example 4
Using the circuit above, if R1 = 2 Ω and R2 = 5 Ω, what is the total resistance?
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THREE-PIN PLUG
Wire Colour Function
Carries the ________________ from the
Live _______________________ to the ___________________.
Carries the ________________ from the ___________________
Neutral to the _______________________.
Connected from the _____________________ part of the
Earth
appliance to the _________________.
Safety by Earthing
If __________ wire accidentally touch the ___________ part of the electrical appliance, a person holding the appliance
can get ______________________________.
That is why electrical appliances have ____________ wire. If there is an accident (loose live wire touching the metal
part), the _____________ will flow to the earth wire to the _______________.
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Fuse
Function: To ______________ the _________________ appliance. When the amount of ____________ passing is
_________________, the fuse will ______________ the circuit.
*too much current flow can damage the appliance or catch fire
What is fuse?
It is a short __________, made of _______ and
__________, and has ________
__________________________.
Symbol_____
What happen to the circuit when too much current flows?
Bulb filaments ____________ and _____________. The bulb is ________________.
Fuse wire ___________ and ______________. The circuit is ______________. The bulb
________________________________________ but is not ________________.
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Choosing the right fuse
This toaster uses current 3A
If fuse rating is too low If fuse rating is slightly higher If fuse rating is too high
The wire will __________ and The toaster will ______________. Too much ______________ will
___________ the circuit. The pass through. The current can
toaster will __________________. _____________ the toaster. The
circuit may _________________
and catch ___________.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Do not
______________ old
__________________
damaged wires.
the power socket.
Do not insert Do not place electrical
____________ objects appliances near _______
into the power sockets. areas.
Do not touch electrical Switch off appliance
appliances with _______ before doing _________
hands. or ________________.
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